Binning Analysis Research Articles

An investigation on die crack detection using Temperature Sensitive Parameter for high speed LED mass production

To ensure the highest quality & long-term reliability of LED components it is necessary to examine LED dice that have sustained mechanical damage during the manufacturing process. This paper has demonstrated that detection of die crack in mass manufactured LEDs can be achieved by measuring Temperature Sensitive Parameters (TSPs) during final testing. A newly-designed apparatus and microcontroller was used for this investigation in order to achieve the millisecond switching time needed for detecting thermal transient effects and at the same time meet the expected speed for mass manufacturing. Evaluations conducted at lab scale shows that thermal transient behaviour of cracked die is significantly different than that of an undamaged die. Having an established test limits to differentiate cracked dice, large volume tests in a production environment were used to confirm the effectiveness of this test method. Failure Bin Analysis (FBA) of this high volume experiment confirmed that all the cracked die LEDs were detected and the undamaged LEDs passed this test without over-rejection. The work verifies that tests based on TSP are effective in identifying die cracks and it is believed that the method could be extended to other types of rejects that have thermal transient signatures such as die delamination.

Assessment of solid waste management systems in Ibadan North, Oyo State using geo-spatial techniques

Solid waste management has been part of human activities right from time. Effort by the Oyo State Government in managing the collection and disposal of waste generated in Ibadan is seen in the provision of Skip bins at specific locations across the city. However, despite the provisions made by the government, an emerging trend is the dumping of refuse along the median of some major and collector roads in the city. This study aims at emphasizing a planning framework for the location of solid waste disposal infrastructure (Skip bins) through the adoption of planning standard. The aim of this study was achieved by identifying the existing skip bins within Ibadan North. More so, a spatial analysis of skip bins and resident's access to solid waste facilities within Ibadan North was deduced. Geospatial techniques were used for this study; data from primary and secondary source were also used to corroborate the geospatial findings. The study identified a total of 37 skip bins located within Ibadan North Local Government, serving the entire Ibadan North. Spatial analysis of the skip bins revealed a clustered distribution which is consequential to indiscriminate solid waste disposal within Ibadan North. The study recommends adequate provision and location of skip bins to contribute to a cleaner and safer environment and a design blue print for Ibadan North was proposed.Keywords: GIS, Median, Nearest Neighbour Analysis (NNA), Skip Bins

Assessment of solid waste management systems in Ibadan North, Oyo State using geo-spatial techniques

Solid waste management has been part of human activities right from time. Effort by the Oyo State Government in managing the collection and disposal of waste generated in Ibadan is seen in the provision of Skip bins at specific locations across the city. However, despite the provisions made by the government, an emerging trend is the dumping of refuse along the median of some major and collector roads in the city. This study aims at emphasizing a planning framework for the location of solid waste disposal infrastructure (Skip bins) through the adoption of planning standard. The aim of this study was achieved by identifying the existing skip bins within Ibadan North. More so, a spatial analysis of skip bins and resident's access to solid waste facilities within Ibadan North was deduced. Geospatial techniques were used for this study; data from primary and secondary source were also used to corroborate the geospatial findings. The study identified a total of 37 skip bins located within Ibadan North Local Government, serving the entire Ibadan North. Spatial analysis of the skip bins revealed a clustered distribution which is consequential to indiscriminate solid waste disposal within Ibadan North. The study recommends adequate provision and location of skip bins to contribute to a cleaner and safer environment and a design blue print for Ibadan North was proposed. Keywords: GIS, Median, Nearest Neighbour Analysis (NNA), Skip Bins

Reconstructing a hydrogen-driven microbial metabolic network in Opalinus Clay rock.

The Opalinus Clay formation will host geological nuclear waste repositories in Switzerland. It is expected that gas pressure will build-up due to hydrogen production from steel corrosion, jeopardizing the integrity of the engineered barriers. In an in situ experiment located in the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory, we demonstrate that hydrogen is consumed by microorganisms, fuelling a microbial community. Metagenomic binning and metaproteomic analysis of this deep subsurface community reveals a carbon cycle driven by autotrophic hydrogen oxidizers belonging to novel genera. Necromass is then processed by fermenters, followed by complete oxidation to carbon dioxide by heterotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria, which closes the cycle. This microbial metabolic web can be integrated in the design of geological repositories to reduce pressure build-up. This study shows that Opalinus Clay harbours the potential for chemolithoautotrophic-based system, and provides a model of microbial carbon cycle in deep subsurface environments where hydrogen and sulfate are present.

First DNA Barcode Reference Library for the Identification of South American Freshwater Fish from the Lower Paraná River.

Valid fish species identification is essential for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management. Here, we provide a sequence reference library based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I for a valid identification of 79 freshwater fish species from the Lower Paraná River. Neighbour-joining analysis based on K2P genetic distances formed non-overlapping clusters for almost all species with a ≥99% bootstrap support each. Identification was successful for 97.8% of species as the minimum genetic distance to the nearest neighbour exceeded the maximum intraspecific distance in all these cases. A barcoding gap of 2.5% was apparent for the whole data set with the exception of four cases. Within-species distances ranged from 0.00% to 7.59%, while interspecific distances varied between 4.06% and 19.98%, without considering Odontesthes species with a minimum genetic distance of 0%. Sequence library validation was performed by applying BOLDs BIN analysis tool, Poisson Tree Processes model and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, along with a reliable taxonomic assignment by experts. Exhaustive revision of vouchers was performed when a conflicting assignment was detected after sequence analysis and BIN discordance evaluation. Thus, the sequence library presented here can be confidently used as a benchmark for identification of half of the fish species recorded for the Lower Paraná River.

DNA barcodes identify medically important tick species in Canada.

Medically important ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) are often difficult to identify morphologically. A standardized, molecular approach using a 658 base pair DNA barcode sequence (from the 5' region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) was evaluated for its effectiveness in discriminating ticks in North America, with an emphasis on Canadian ticks. DNA barcodes were generated for 96 of 154 specimens representing 26 ixodid species. A genetic cluster analysis was performed on the barcode sequences, which separated specimens into haplogroups closely corresponding with morphologically identified species. The tree topology was further supported by a BIN analysis. COI sequences generated were found to have a mean maximum intraspecific divergence of 1.59% and a mean nearest neighbour divergence of 12.8%, indicating a significant "barcode gap". This study also revealed possible cryptic diversity among specimens morphologically identified as Ixodes soricis and Ixodes texanus. A PCR-based test for Borrelia burgdorferi determined that 18.1% of Lyme-competent ticks in this study were positive. This study is also the first to record a B. burgdorferi-positive exoskeleton. In conclusion, DNA barcoding is a powerful tool that clinicians can use to determine the identification of tick specimens which can help them to suggest whether an attached tick is a potential health risk.

Evaluating real-world CO2 and NOX emissions for public transit buses using a remote wireless on-board diagnostic (OBD) approach

The challenge to mitigate real-world emissions from vehicles calls for powerful in-use compliance supervision. The remote on-board diagnostic (OBD) approach, with wireless data communications, is one of the promising next-generation monitoring methods. We collected second-by-second profiles of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions, driving conditions and engine performance for three conventional diesel and three hybrid diesel buses participating in a remote OBD pilot program in Nanjing, China. Our results showed that the average CO2 emissions for conventional diesel and hybrid diesel buses were 816 ± 83 g km−1 and 627 ± 54 g km−1, respectively, under a typical driving pattern. An operating mode binning analysis indicated that CO2 emissions reduction by series-parallel hybrid technology was largely because of the significant benefits of the technology under the modes of low speed and low power demand. However, significantly higher CO2 emissions were observed for conventional diesel buses during rush hours, higher than 1200 g km−1. The OBD data suggested no improvement in NOX emission reduction for hybrid buses compared with conventional buses; both were approximately 12 g km−1 because of poor performance of the selective catalyst reduction (SCR) systems in the real world. Speed-dependent functions for real-world CO2 and NOX emissions were also constructed. The CO2 emissions of hybrid buses were much less sensitive to the average speed than conventional buses. If the average speed decreased from 20 km h−1 to 10 km h−1, the estimated CO2 emission factor for conventional buses would be increased by 34%. Such a change in speed would increase NOX emissions for conventional and hybrid buses by 38% and 56%, respectively. This paper demonstrates the useful features of the remote OBD system and can inform policy makers how to take advantage of these features in monitoring in-use vehicles.

Abstract 1498: Development of an IL13Ralpha2 x CD3 bispecific DART® protein for redirected T-cell killing of solid tumors

Abstract Introduction. IL13Rα2 is a membrane-bound protein expressed on a number of malignant tumors, but not at significant levels in most normal tissues. Clinically tested therapies to treat cancer by targeting IL13Rα2 to date have included a ligand toxin conjugate (IL13-PE) and IL13Rα2 directed CAR-T cells. Both strategies appear to be well tolerated, although with mixed results in tumor eradication. An alternative strategy for targeting IL13Rα2 is an IL13Rα2 x CD3 Dual-Affinity Re-Targeting (DART®) bispecific molecule designed to co-engage IL13Rα2 on tumor cells and cytotoxic T cells through CD3, resulting in killing of tumor cells. Methods. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated using standard immunization protocols followed by binding and epitope binning analyses. Cell binding was performed by flow cytometry and frozen normal and tumor tissues analyses by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vitro studies were performed with cancer cell lines and primary human T cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In vivo studies were performed in immune-deficient tumor-bearing mice co-implanted with activated human T cells or reconstituted with human PBMCs. Results. A panel of mAbs that bind human and cynomolgus monkey IL13Rα2 proteins were selected, representing a range of binding characteristics and epitope diversity. IHC showed favorable normal vs tumor tissue reactivity, with high levels of IL13Rα2 expression in glioblastoma and melanoma. The mAb panel was converted to DART molecules with an anti-CD3 arm, assessed for the ability to mediate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity and cytokine release and a lead selected for humanization and engineering into an IL13Rα2 x CD3 DART molecule incorporating an Fc domain to prolong circulating half-life. The IL13Rα2 x CD3 DART protein bound human and cynomolgus IL13Rα2 (KD = 0.64 nM and 0.5 nM, respectively) and mediated CTL activity against LOX-IMVI (melanoma) and SK-MES-1 (lung adenocarcinoma) target cells. Cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-10, and TNF-α) were released in the presence of IL13Rα2-expressing target cells and human PBMC, but not with PBMCs alone. Administration of the IL13Rα2 x CD3 DART molecule (≤50 μg/kg IV for 4 consecutive days) prevented tumor growth when tumor cells (A375 and LOX-IMVI melanoma, U87 glioblastoma, or DAOY medulloblastoma cell lines) were co-mixed with activated human T cells and implanted subcutaneously in NOD/SCID/IL2gamma-chain null mice. Tumor eradication was also observed in NOD/SCID/IL2gamma-chain/MHCI KO mice reconstituted with human PBMCs and bearing established LOX-IMVI melanoma tumors following 2 weekly IV doses of 50 μg/kg IL13Rα2 x CD3 DART molecule. Conclusions: Robust in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity for an IL13Rα2 x CD3 DART protein was demonstrated. Additional studies are underway to further characterize the molecule as a development candidate for treatment of IL13Rα2-positive cancers. Citation Format: Jill Rillema, Monica Licea, Shereen Saini-Lal, Doug Smith, Francine Chen, Annie Lam, Yinhua Yang, Liqin Liu, James Tamura, Ralph Alderson, Ezio Bonvini, Syd Johnson, Paul Moore. Development of an IL13Ralpha2 x CD3 bispecific DART® protein for redirected T-cell killing of solid tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1498.

Interfibrillar packing of bovine cornea by table-top and synchrotron scanning SAXS microscopy.

Bovine cornea was studied with scanning small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) microscopy, by using both synchrotron radiation and a microfocus laboratory source. A combination of statistical (adaptive binning and canonical correlation analysis) and crystallographic (pair distribution function analysis) approaches allowed inspection of the collagen lateral packing of the supramolecular structure. Results reveal (i) a decrease of the interfibrillar distance and of the shell thickness around the fibrils from the periphery to the center of the cornea, (ii) a uniform fibril diameter across the explored area, and (iii) a distorted quasi-hexagonal arrangement of the collagen fibrils. The results are in agreement with existing literature. The overlap between laboratory and synchrotron-radiation data opens new perspectives for further studies on collagen-based/engineered tissues by the SAXS microscopy technique at laboratory-scale facilities.

Reconstructing single genomes from complex microbial communities

Abstract High throughput next generation sequencing technologies have enabled cultivation-independent approaches to study microbial communities in environmental samples. To date much of functional metagenomics has been limited to the gene or pathway level. Recent breakthroughs in metagenome binning have made it feasible to reconstruct high quality, individual microbial genomes from complex communities with thousands of species. In this review we aim to compare several automated metagenome binning software tools for their performance, and provide a practical guide for the metagenomics research community to carry out successful binning analyses.

Determination of best management timing of nonpoint source pollutants using particle bins and dimensionless time in a single stormwater runoff event

Efforts to alleviate nonpoint source (NPS) pollution contributing to the degradation of water quality in aquatic environments have increased over the last several decades. In this research, dimensionless time (τDL) and particle size bins were applied as indicators to optimize the management timing for NPS pollutants. Field experiments that included four single storm events and two multiple storm events were conducted in order to measure the flow and to collect water samples for the analysis of particle size bins at each monitoring site. Particle bins for all samples were measured using an LS230 laser diffraction particle size analyzer. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was carried out to statistically identify the importance of τDL. By considering the particle size bins of NPS pollutants during a single stormwater runoff event, these results showed that τDL3 which is triple time of τDL1 after τDL0 optimized the flow management timing. ANOVA and post hoc tests further confirmed that τDL3 can be viewed as an equivalent time for the end of particle discharge during a single storm event. In practical terms, this study thus suggests that the volume of first-flushed stormwater captured prior to τDL3 is an important criterion for best management practices. It is also expected that the methodology proposed in this research using particle bins and τDL3 can be further extended to different drainage areas and land uses.

Metagenomic Assembly Reveals Hosts of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and the Shared Resistome in Pig, Chicken, and Human Feces.

The risk associated with antibiotic resistance disseminating from animal and human feces is an urgent public issue. In the present study, we sought to establish a pipeline for annotating antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) based on metagenomic assembly to investigate ARGs and their co-occurrence with associated genetic elements. Genetic elements found on the assembled genomic fragments include mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs). We then explored the hosts of these resistance genes and the shared resistome of pig, chicken and human fecal samples. High levels of tetracycline, multidrug, erythromycin, and aminoglycoside resistance genes were discovered in these fecal samples. In particular, significantly high level of ARGs (7762 ×/Gb) was detected in adult chicken feces, indicating higher ARG contamination level than other fecal samples. Many ARGs arrangements (e.g., macA-macB and tetA-tetR) were discovered shared by chicken, pig and human feces. In addition, MGEs such as the aadA5-dfrA17-carrying class 1 integron were identified on an assembled scaffold of chicken feces, and are carried by human pathogens. Differential coverage binning analysis revealed significant ARG enrichment in adult chicken feces. A draft genome, annotated as multidrug resistant Escherichia coli, was retrieved from chicken feces metagenomes and was determined to carry diverse ARGs (multidrug, acriflavine, and macrolide). The present study demonstrates the determination of ARG hosts and the shared resistome from metagenomic data sets and successfully establishes the relationship between ARGs, hosts, and environments. This ARG annotation pipeline based on metagenomic assembly will help to bridge the knowledge gaps regarding ARG-associated genes and ARG hosts with metagenomic data sets. Moreover, this pipeline will facilitate the evaluation of environmental risks in the genetic context of ARGs.

An assessment of horse (Equus ferus caballus) responding on fixed interval schedules of reinforcement: An individual analysis

We assessed different measures of temporal control of horse (N=16) responding on fixed interval schedules of reinforcement and a peak procedure. Subjects were trained to insert their heads into a response hoop to break an infrared beam in order to receive horse treats from an automatic feeder. We analyzed cumulative response records, binned response levels, quarter life, latency to first response, breakpoint, and inter-response patterns of the fixed interval trials. To analyze the peak procedure trials, we performed a series of bin analyses. To avoid potential pitfalls associated with aggregate analyses, we performed individual trial and subject analyses using an ordinal analysis within Observation Oriented Modeling. Most subjects produced clear indications that responding came under temporal control of the fixed interval schedules for most of our investigated measures, and some subjects’ response levels peaked at half of the peak trial intervals. We provide the first quantitative evidence of equine timing performances using protocols based on fixed interval schedules of reinforcement.

New tools (DNA barcoding), old hypothesis: the case of the taxonomic identity of the Argentine hakes (Actinopterygii: Merluccius).

The present study evaluated the possible occurrence of cryptic species among Merluccidae from Argentina by examining sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coI) mtDNA. This approach can discriminate Merluccius hubbsi and Merluccius australis; specimens with morphological diagnostic characters of Merluccius patagonicus formed a cohesive cluster with M. hubbsi specimens. BIN analysis confirmed the effectiveness of barcoding within a global context.

Spectral analysis of the high-energy IceCube neutrinos

A full energy and flavor-dependent analysis of the three-year high-energy IceCube neutrino events is presented. By means of multidimensional fits, we derive the current preferred values of the high-energy neutrino flavor ratios, the normalization and spectral index of the astrophysical fluxes, and the expected atmospheric background events, including a prompt component. A crucial assumption resides on the choice of the energy interval used for the analyses, which significantly biases the results. When restricting ourselves to the ~30 TeV - 3 PeV energy range, which contains all the observed IceCube events, we find that the inclusion of the spectral information improves the fit to the canonical flavor composition at Earth, (1:1:1), with respect to a single-energy bin analysis. Increasing both the minimum and the maximum deposited energies has dramatic effects on the reconstructed flavor ratios as well as on the spectral index. Imposing a higher threshold of 60 TeV yields a slightly harder spectrum by allowing a larger muon neutrino component, since above this energy most atmospheric tracklike events are effectively removed. Extending the high-energy cutoff to fully cover the Glashow resonance region leads to a softer spectrum and a preference for tau neutrino dominance, as none of the expected electron antineutrino induced showers have been observed so far. The lack of showers at energies above 2 PeV may point to a broken power-law neutrino spectrum. Future data may confirm or falsify whether or not the recently discovered high-energy neutrino fluxes and the long-standing detected cosmic rays have a common origin.

N(1520) 3/2(-) helicity amplitudes from an energy-independent multipole analysis based on new polarization data on photoproduction of neutral pions.

New data on the polarization observables T, P, and H for the reaction γp→pπ(0) are reported. The results are extracted from azimuthal asymmetries when a transversely polarized butanol target and a linearly polarized photon beam are used. The data were taken at the Bonn electron stretcher accelerator ELSA using the CBELSA/TAPS detector. These and earlier data are used to perform a truncated energy-independent partial wave analysis in sliced-energy bins. This energy-independent analysis is compared to the results from energy-dependent partial wave analyses.

Comparative analysis of various CO2 configurations in supermarket refrigeration systems

This paper presents an analysis of various CO2 transcritical and cascade/secondary loop refrigeration systems that are becoming popular in supermarket applications with the objective of optimizing the operating parameters of these systems. In addition, the performance of selected CO2-based refrigeration systems is compared to the baseline R404A multiplex direct expansion system using bin analyses in the eight climate zones of the United States. For the refrigeration systems investigated, it was found that the Transcritical Booster System with Bypass Compressor (TBS-BC) had the lowest energy consumption for ambient temperatures (Tamb) less than 8 °C, and for higher ambient temperatures the R404A direct expansion system was found to have the lowest energy consumption. Also, the TBS-BC performs equivalent to or better than the R404A direct expansion system in the northern two-thirds of the US. For the southern portion of the US, the R404A multiplex DX system performs better than CO2 systems.

Quantitative Influenza Follow-Up Testing (QIFT)—A Novel Biomarker for the Monitoring of Disease Activity at the Point-of-Care

BackgroundInfluenza infections induce considerable disease burden in young children. Biomarkers for the monitoring of disease activity at the point-of-care (POC) are currently lacking. Recent methodologies for fluorescence-based rapid testing have been developed to provide improved sensitivities with the initial diagnosis. The present study aims to explore the utility of second-generation rapid testing during longitudinal follow-up of influenza patients (Rapid Influenza Follow-up Testing = RIFT). Signal/control fluorescent readouts (Quantitative Influenza Follow-up Testing = QIFT) are evaluated as a potential biomarker for the monitoring of disease activity at the POC.Methods and FindingsRIFT (SOFIA) and QIFT were performed at the POC and compared to blinded RT-PCR at the National Reference Centre for Influenza. From 10/2011-4/2013, a total of 2048 paediatric cases were studied prospectively; 273 cases were PCR-confirmed for influenza. During follow-up, RIFT results turned negative either prior to PCR (68%), or simultaneously (30%). The first negative RIFT occurred after a median of 8 days with a median virus load (VL) of 5.6×10∧3 copies/ml and cycle threshold of 37, with no evidence of viral rebound. Binning analysis revealed that QIFT differentiated accurately between patients with low, medium and high viral titres. QIFT increase/decrease showed 88% agreement (sensitivity = 52%, specificity = 95%) with VL increase/decrease, respectively. QIFT-based viral clearance estimates showed similar values compared to PCR-based estimates. Variations in viral clearance rates were lower in treated compared to untreated patients. The study was limited by use of non-invasive, semi-quantitative nasopharyngeal samples. VL measurements below the limit of detection could not be quantified reliably.ConclusionsDuring follow-up, RIFT provides a first surrogate measure for influenza disease activity. A “switch” from positive to negative values may indicate a drop in viral load below a critical threshold, where rebound is no longer expected. QIFT may provide a useful tool for the monitoring of disease burden and viral clearance at the POC.

High-Throughput Epitope Binning Assays on Label-Free Array-Based Biosensors Can Yield Exquisite Epitope Discrimination That Facilitates the Selection of Monoclonal Antibodies with Functional Activity

Here, we demonstrate how array-based label-free biosensors can be applied to the multiplexed interaction analysis of large panels of analyte/ligand pairs, such as the epitope binning of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this application, the larger the number of mAbs that are analyzed for cross-blocking in a pairwise and combinatorial manner against their specific antigen, the higher the probability of discriminating their epitopes. Since cross-blocking of two mAbs is necessary but not sufficient for them to bind an identical epitope, high-resolution epitope binning analysis determined by high-throughput experiments can enable the identification of mAbs with similar but unique epitopes. We demonstrate that a mAb's epitope and functional activity are correlated, thereby strengthening the relevance of epitope binning data to the discovery of therapeutic mAbs. We evaluated two state-of-the-art label-free biosensors that enable the parallel analysis of 96 unique analyte/ligand interactions and nearly ten thousand total interactions per unattended run. The IBIS-MX96 is a microarray-based surface plasmon resonance imager (SPRi) integrated with continuous flow microspotting technology whereas the Octet-HTX is equipped with disposable fiber optic sensors that use biolayer interferometry (BLI) detection. We compared their throughput, versatility, ease of sample preparation, and sample consumption in the context of epitope binning assays. We conclude that the main advantages of the SPRi technology are its exceptionally low sample consumption, facile sample preparation, and unparalleled unattended throughput. In contrast, the BLI technology is highly flexible because it allows for the simultaneous interaction analysis of 96 independent analyte/ligand pairs, ad hoc sensor replacement and on-line reloading of an analyte- or ligand-array. Thus, the complementary use of these two platforms can expedite applications that are relevant to the discovery of therapeutic mAbs, depending upon the sample availability, and the number and diversity of the interactions being studied.

Precision spectroscopy with COMPASS and the observation of a new iso-vector resonance

We report on the results of a novel partial-wave analysis based on $50\cdot 10^6$ events from the reaction $\pi^- + p \to \pi^-\pi-^\pi^+ + p_\text{recoil}$ at 190 $\text{GeV/c}$ incoming beam momentum using the COMPASS spectrometer. A separated analysis in bins of $m_{3\pi}$ and four-momentum transfer $t'$ reveals the interference of resonant and non-resonant particle production and allows their spectral separation. Besides well known resonances we observe a new iso-vector meson $a_1(1420)$ at a mass of 1420 $\text{MEV\c}^2$ in the $f_0(980)\pi$ final state only, the origin of which is unclear. We have also examined the structure of the $0^{++}$ $\pi\pi$-isobar in the $J^{PC}=0^{-+}, 1^{++}, 2^{-+}$ three pion waves. This clearly reveals the various $0^{++}$ $\pi\pi$-isobar components and its correlation to the decay of light mesons.