Binary Mixtures Of Carbon Tetrachloride Research Articles

Surface and bulk behavior of (dialkylsulfoxides + carbon tetrachloride) mixtures

Surface tensions, surface tension deviations, densities, and excess molar volumes of binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), diethylsulfoxide (DESO), dipropylsulfoxide (DPSO), and dibutylsulfoxide (DBSO) have been determined over the entire composition range at (298.15 and 313.15) K. The results were fitted by the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation and the corresponding binary coefficients have been derived. The obtained excess quantities show that both charge-transfer complex formation between CCl 4 and dialkylsulfoxides (DASO) molecules and on the other hand sulfoxides’ chain length are crucial factors conditioning the excess thermodynamic properties of (CCl 4 + DASO) binary mixtures.

Ion Pair and Triple Ion Formation by Some Tetraalkylammonium Iodides in Binary Mixtures of Carbon Tetrachloride + Nitrobenzene

Electrical conductances of tetraalkylammonium iodides, R4NI (R = butyl to heptyl), in different mass % (20 to 80) of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) + nitrobenzene (PhNO2) have been measured at 298.15 K. Limiting molar conductances Λ0, association constants KA, and cosphere diameter R for ion pair formation in the mixed solvent mixtures have been evaluated using the Lee−Wheaton conductivity equation. However, the deviation of the conductometric curves (Λ versus √c) from linearity for the electrolytes in 80 mass % of CCl4 + PhNO2 indicated triple ion formation, and therefore corresponding conductance data have been analyzed by the Fuoss−Kraus theory of triple ions. Limiting ionic molar conductances λ0± have been calculated by the reference electrolyte method along with a numerical evaluation of ion pair and triple ion formation constants (KP ≈ KAand KT); the results have been discussed in terms of solvent properties and configurational theory.

Excess Enthalpies and Thermal Conductivity Coefficients for Binary Mixtures of Carbon Tetrachloride and Four Alkanes (C5 to C8) at a Temperature of 298.15 K

Excess molar enthalpies have been measured for the binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride, + pentane, + hexane, + heptane, and octane using a Paar 1455 solution calorimeter at a temperature of 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. HE values are positive over the entire range of compositions of carbon tetrachloride, and these data were used for calculation of NRTL model parameters (G12, G21). Finally, by using the local composition model, we calculated the thermal conductivity of these mixtures.

Preferential Solvation of Acetic Acid in Binary Mixtures of Carbon Tetrachloride–Cyclohexane and Carbon Tetrachloride–1,2-Dichloroethane

The partition of acetic acid between aqueous solutions and various binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride + cyclohexane and carbon tetrachloride + 1,2-dichloroethane were carried out at 30.0 °C. The nonlinear dependence of both the monomer partition coefficient and the dimerization constant on the mole fraction composition has been rationalized in terms of preferential solvation of the various solvation sites of the involved species. Two and four polar sites were identified for the monomer and dimer forms, respectively. The solvation preference is controlled by the relative polarities of the binary solvent components, being, in general, higher for the monomer sites compared to the dimer ones. The dimer is almost equally stable in various carbon tetrachloride + 1,2-dichloroethane mixtures, and the variation of dimerization constants with changing binary composition arises mainly from the monomer solvation stabilization.

37Cl(n,?)38Cl reaction in binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with ethanol, heptanol and octanol

37Cl(n,?)38Cl reaction in binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with ethanol, heptanol and octanol

37Cl(n,g)38Cl reaction in binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with ethanol, heptanol and octanol

37Cl(n,γ)38Cl reaction in mixtures of CCl4 with ethanol, heptanol and octanol exhibit a dependence on the tendency of the -COH group to cleave into CO and H. This tendency, shown here, correlates with the order of acidity of alkanols.

Reactions of 37Cl(n,γ) 38Cl in binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with secondary and tertiary aliphatic alcohols

An investigation of the 37Cl(n,γ) 38Clreactions in mixtures of CCl 4with sec-propyl, sec-butyl and tertiarybutyl alcohol shows that the results obtained depend on the tendency of breakingup of the -COH group into CO and H.

Soot formation in the pyrolysis of halogenated hydrocarbons. Part I, binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with hydrogen and iron pentacarbonyl

AbstractMeasurements on carbon particle growth during CCl4 thermal decomposition were carried out behind both incident and reflected shock waves. Three kind of mixture compositions have been investigated: 4000 ppm CCl4 in argon; 200 to 4000 ppm CCl4 and 200 to 8000 ppm Fe(CO)5 in argon; 4000 ppm CCl4 and 4000 ppm hydrogen in argon. The temperature range 1200<T/K<3200, pressure around 25 bar. Kinetics of the particle growth was detected via the attenuation of the laser beam (He‐Ne laser, 632.8 nm).The low temperature boundary for soot particles detection and magnitude of soot yield in CCl4 pyrolysis is the same as that for most of the hydrocarbons studied. The temperature change during CCl4 pyrolysis is an important factor for its kinetic interpretation. The first order rate constants of soot growth kt/[C]are higher than those for all hydrocarbons, including benzene under comparable conditions. At T<2200 K the induction times tindare close to those for hydrocarbons with respect to both, absolute values and activation energy. In the middle temperature range studied, 2200<T/K<2500, an “induction‐less behaviour” of soot growth was observed; tind at T2500 K show a negative activation energy. Hydrogen additives significantly act on soot formation characteristics depending on H/Cl‐ratio.Chemical reaction in mixtures CCl4/Fe(CO)5 was observed even at relatively low temperatures behind incident shock waves. However, iron additives only slightly change the soot yield as compared to CCl4 pyrolysis. A qualitative interpretation of experimental findings observed is suggested based on the consideration of the hierarchy of characteristic times in reacting systems followed by the growth of soot particles.

Excess properties of binary systems formed by carbon tetrachloride with isopropanol and n-butanol

We report the excess volumes and the excess Gibbs energies of binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with isopropanol and n-butanol. The excess volumes were computed from the densities of the mixtures, measured at 295.15 and 303.15 K with a double arm pycnometer. The experimental values were compared with those obtained using a Redlich–Kister type equation. The excess Gibbs energies were computed from binary isobaric vapor liquid equilibrium data and are compared with the values calculated using the Gothard model.

Thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures containing sulfur amide: 1. Excess molar volumes of carbon tetrachloride + N, N-dimethylmethanesulfinamide and + N-methylmethanesulfinamide

Excess molar volumes have been determined for binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride + N,N dimethylmethanesulfinamide and + N-methylmethanesulfinamide at 303.44, 313.28, 323,20 and 333.22 K. The excess molar volumes are negative for N,N-dimethylmethanesulfinamide mixture over the whole mole-fraction range and negative for N-methylmethanesulfinamide mixtures over the mole-fraction range 0.4–1.0 (solubility range). The results are interpreted in terms of the possibility of the components to form self-associated and charge transfer complexes.

Reactions of 37Cl(n,γ)38Cl in Binary Mixtures of Carbon Tetrachloride with n-aliphatic Alcohols and Acetone

Article Reactions of 37Cl(n,γ)38Cl in Binary Mixtures of Carbon Tetrachloride with n-aliphatic Alcohols and Acetone was published on February 1, 1985 in the journal Radiochimica Acta (volume 38, issue 2).

Solubility of biphenyl in binary solvent mixtures

Solubilities have been determined at 25°C for biphenyl in binary mixtures of cyclohexane with n-hexane, n-heptane and n-octane, and in binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with cyclohexane, n-hexane and n-heptane. The results of these measurements are compared to solution models previously developed. The Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent (NIBS) model predicts the binary solvent solubilities to within a maximum deviation of 1.3%, using as input data the solubility of biphenyl in the pure solvents. In comparison, the UNIFAC group contribution model predicts the experimental solubilities in both pure and binary solvents to within a maximum deviation of 49%. While the deviations for the later solution model appear quite large, the predicted values do represent a significant improvement over the ideal solubility approximation.

Thermochemical investigations of nearly idial binary solvents. 6. Solubilities of iodine and benzil in systems of nonspecific interactions

Solubilities have been determined at 25°C for iodine in binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) and in mixtures of cyclohexane with n-hexane and OMCTS; and for benzil in binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with cyclohexane, n-hexane, and n-heptane, mixtures of n-hexane with cyclohexane and n-heptane, and mixtures of benzene with cyclohexane and toluene. With the exception of the benzene+cyclohexane system, the nearly ideal binary solvent model predicts these solubilities with a maximum deviation of 6% and an overall standard deviation of 2.4%. The model correctly predicts minima for solubility (mole fraction) of iodine in the OMCTS systems, and predicts solubilities within 4% for benzil in the carbon tetrachloride+n-hexane system, in which the solubility changes by a factor of 14. The failure of the model for predicting solubilities of benzil in mixtures of benzene and cyclohexane (maximum error of 25% for and 18-fold range of solubilities) is possibly due to specific interactions between benzil and benzene.

Solubilities in binary solvent systems II. The importance of non-specific interactions

Solubilities have been determined at 25°C for p-benzoquinone in binary mixtures of cyclohexane with n-heptane, cyclooctane and isooctane, in mixtures of n-heptane with n-dodecane, and in binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with n-heptane and n-octane. The Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent (NIBS) model predicts these solubilities with a maximum deviation of 5% and an overall standard deviation of 1.6%. The NIBS model correctly predicts maxima for the mole fraction solubility of p-benzoquinone in both cyclohexane + n-heptane and cyclohexane + isooctane mixtures. The success of this simple model, based entirely on non-specific interactions, is significant considering the solubility of p-benzoquinone changes by a factor of 6 in the two binary solvent mixtures containing carbon tetrachloride. Solution models that attribute all solubility enhancement to the formation of stoichiometric complexes require several equilibrium constants to mathematically describe the 6-fold range of p-benzoquinone solubilities in these two solvent mixtures.

Thermochemical Investigations of Nearly Ideal Binary Solvents VII: Monomer and Dimer Models for Solubility of Benzoic Acid in Simple Binary and Ternary Solvents

Solubilities are reported for benzoic acid at 25.0d in binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with cyclohexane, n-hexane, or n-heptane and of cyclohexane with n-hexane or n-heptane and in ternary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride-cyclohexane-n-hexane and carbon tetrachloride-cyclohexane-n-heptane. Solubilities also are reported for benzoic acid in some binary solvents at 30.0d and for m-toluic acid in binary mixtures of cyclohexane and n-hexane at 25.0° The results are compared to the predictions of equations developed previously for solubility in systems of purely nonspecific interactions, with the benzoic acids considered as either monomeric or dimeric molecules in solution. The dimer model gave more accurate predictions, with a maximum deviation of 4.4% between observed and predicted solubilities in all systems studied. Solubility maxima were predicted and observed for benzoic and m-toluic acids in cyclohexane-n-hexane and for benzoic acid in cyclohexane-n-heptane. The application of these solubility relationships to liquid-liquid partition coefficients is discussed.

Excess heat capacities of binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with n-alkanes at 298.15 K

A Picker flow microcalorimeter was used to determine molar excess heat capacities C P E at 298.15 K for mixtures of carbon tetrachloride + n-heptane, n-nonane, and n-decane. The excess heat capacities are negative in all cases. The absolute value | C P E| increases with increasing chain length of the alkane. A formal interchange parameter, c P12, is calculated and its dependence on n-alkane chain length is discussed briefly in terms of molecular orientations.

Mutual diffusion coefficients in binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride and alcohols at 20.degree.C

Mutual diffusion coefficients in binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride and alcohols at 20.degree.C

Reactions of Recoil Chlorine. Part II: Chemical Effects of 37Cl(n, γ) 38Cl in Binary Mixtures of Carbon Tetrachloride with Paraffins and Alcohols

Article Reactions of Recoil Chlorine. Part II: Chemical Effects of 37Cl(n, γ) 38Cl in Binary Mixtures of Carbon Tetrachloride with Paraffins and Alcohols was published on November 1, 1972 in the journal Radiochimica Acta (volume 18, issue 4).

Viscosities of Binary Mixtures of Carbon Tetrachloride with Methanol and Isopropyl Alcohol.

Viscosities of Binary Mixtures of Carbon Tetrachloride with Methanol and Isopropyl Alcohol.

Decomposition of Peroxybenzoic Acid in Solution. V. Decomposition of Peroxybenzoic Acid and of Benzoyl Peroxide in Binary Mixtures of Carbon Tetrachloride with Cyclohexane, Toluene, or Diethyl Ether

Abstract Decompositions of peroxybenzoic acid and of benzoyl peroxide were carried out in binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with cyclo-hexane, toluene or diethyl ether. The results of the product study strongly support the radical mechanism established previously and show that the oxygen to oxygen bond of peroxybenzoic acid is attacked by radicals more readily than that of benzoyl peroxide, but even peroxybenzoic acid is hardly attacked by the trichloromethyl radical.