Bimetallic PdNi Research Articles

Preparing uniform supported Pd-Ni catalysts with citrate-assisted impregnation

Bimetallic supported catalysts can show synergistic effects compared to their monometallic constituents. However, it is challenging to produce bimetallic catalysts with a uniform nanoparticle distribution over the support, while ensuring each nanoparticle contains both metals. A promising strategy is to use impregnation precursors that facilitate uniform distribution of both metals over a support. In this work, citrate-based precursors were studied to prepare bimetallic Pd-Ni nanoparticles supported on SBA-15 mesoporous silica. Amongst others, cryo-electron microscopy demonstrated the excellent distribution of Ni citrate precursor after drying. Co-impregnation with Ni citrate precursor and Pd(OAc)2 or Pd(NH3)4(NO3)2 produced well-distributed Pd-Ni nanoparticles with a narrow particle size distribution. Extensive characterization with STEM-EDX, EXAFS and TPR showed that the type of Pd precursor controlled the Pd to Ni nanoscale intimacy. CO2 hydrogenation experiments demonstrated that increasing Pd-Ni intimacy decreased the activity. Our strategy to produce uniform Pd-Ni nanoparticles using citric acid is relevant also for other bimetallic systems.

Redox transmetallation reaction mediated synthesis of Ni-Pd bimetallic nanocatalyst for pesticide degradation to value added product

In this work a wet-chemical recipe has been accounted for the synthesis of bimetallic Ni-Pd nanostructures at ambient condition involving pre-synthesized nickel nanoparticles and aqueous tetrachloropalladate, [PdCl4]2- solution. The Galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) starts instantaneously between less noble Ni0 nanoparticle i.e., zero valent nickel (ZVN) and more noble [PdCl4]2-. Thus ZVN is oxidatively etched out as soluble Ni2+ by more noble [PdCl4]2- depositing Pd0 onto the residual ZVN. Concurrently the Ni2+ ions move outwardly into the bulk solution and the Pd0enters into the inwardly fashion owing to their different diffusivities and results in the formation of hollow bimetallic nanostructures following diffusion limited nanoscale Kirkendall effect. Finally, the bimetallic nanomaterial was shown to be a competent heterogeneous catalyst for facile hydrolytic degradation of an organothiophosphate pesticide, methyl parathion (MP). After the completion of the degradation, the degraded product, 4-nitrophenolate (4-NP) was subsequently reduced to 4-aminophenolate (4-AP) in the same reaction pot in presence of the same catalyst using borohydride. 4-AP is the principal ingredient for the production of the medicine paracetamol. Hence the bimetallic Ni-Pd nanoparticles turn out to be a promising heterogeneous catalyst for water pollution abatement through pesticide degradation vis-à-vis generation of value added product out of the degraded product of the pesticide.

MOF-Derived ZrO2-Supported Bimetallic Pd-Ni Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene.

A series of MOF-derived ZrO2-supported Pd-Ni bimetallic catalysts (PdNi/UiO-67-CTAB(n)-A500) were prepared by co-impregnation and pyrolysis at 500 °C under air atmosphere using UiO-67-CTAB(n) (CTAB: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; n: the concentration of CTAB; n = 0, 3, 8, 13, 18) as a sacrificial template. The catalytic activity of PdNi/UiO-66-CTAB(n)-A500 in 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation was found to be dependent on the crystal morphology of the UiO-67 template. The highest activity was observed over the PdNi/UiO-67-CTAB(3)-A500 catalyst which was synthesized using UiO-67-CTAB(3) with uniform octahedral morphology as the template for the 1,3-butadiene selective hydrogenation. The 1,3-butadiene conversion and total butene selectivity were 98.4% and 44.8% at 40 °C within 1 h for the PdNi/UiO-67-CTAB(3)-A500 catalyst, respectively. The catalyst of PdNi/UiO-67-CTAB(3)-A500 can be regenerated in flowing N2 at 200 °C. Carbon deposited on the surface of the catalyst was the main reason for its deactivation. This work is valuable for the high-efficiency bimetallic catalyst's development on the selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene.

Bimetallic PdNi catalyst on cattail Leaves-Derived nanoporous carbon support for synthesis of partially hydrogenated fatty acid methyl ester (H-FAME)

Cattail leaves (CL) have been used as a carbon source to synthesize nanoporous carbon (NPC) support with high surface area (SBET = 2002.12 m2g−1) via hydrothermal carbonization and potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation. The studied catalysts, including monometallic Pd/NPC and Ni/NPC, and bimetallic PdNi/NPC, were synthesized and characterized by using several techniques (e.g., scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction). Their catalytic activity toward partial hydrogenation of palm biodiesel to H-FAME was tested, and the liquid product composition, cloud point, and oxidation stability were determined. The studied catalysts have a high porosity with the SBET of approximately 2037.34–2187.96 m2g−1 led to excellent metal dispersion. Although Ni did not show high catalytic activity compared to Pd, Ni incorporated with Pd as PdNi/NPC catalyst significantly increased the cis-C18:1 selectivity and prevented the catalytic deactivation during the partial hydrogenation. The oxidation stability of palm biodiesel feedstock was increased from 13.69 to 17.12 h while the cloud points adversely increased by only 3 degrees from 12 to 15 °C (still lower than 16 °C of the Thai industrial recommendation) with bimetallic PdNi/NPC catalyst. The main benefit of bimetallic PdNi/NPC over monometallic Pd/NPC and Ni/NPC is shown through not only higher C18:2 conversion but also much higher cis-to-trans ratio of C18:1 resulting in higher oxidation stability with acceptable compromise on the cloud point increasing. Consequently, the produced palm H-FAME can be used at a high blend ratio.

New Design PdNi Heterogeneous Nanocatalysts for the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a widely used chemical as an eco-friendly oxidizing agent, with water being the only byproduct of oxidation in applications like bleaching pulp and paper, making electronic semiconductors, chemical and detergent synthesis, and wastewater treatment. The direct synthesis approach is preferred to provide the environmentally friendly production of H2O2 for market requirements. Bimetallic PdNi nanocatalysts were chosen for this study because of their catalytic activity and the structural characteristics of the material system. First, for the development of order-structured bimetallic PdNi nanocatalysts based on mesoporous carbon template after hydrogen-assisted heat treatment at 750∘C. The transformation of the disordered structure into ordered intermetallically structured PdNi alloys with higher alloying extents was confirmed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and high-resolution transition electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Then, to improve the oxygen oxidation reaction, two-electron pathway selectivity was used by TiO2-C as a support-ordered structure material to facilitate strong metal-support interactions. XAS and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) techniques show more clear evidence of metal-support interactions with electron transfer from defects in the TiO2-C support to the ordered alloyed PdNi nanocatalysts, resulting in record productivity and selectivity of H2O2 production at ambient conditions. The results demonstrated in this study will enlighten a reliable design of new heterogeneous nanocatalysts with ordered structure. Electron transfer between hybrid support and active sites can clarify the catalytic behavior and prompt further research during the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide.
 Keywords: hydrogen peroxide, direct synthesis, heterogeneous nanocatalysts PdNi, TiO2-C

Characteristic and Performance of Ni, Pt, and Pd Monometal and Ni-Pd Bimetal onto KOH Activated Carbon for Hydrotreatment of Castor Oil

The preparation of highly efficient hydrotreating catalysts has presented a significant challenge in the field of catalysis. In this study, chemically activated carbon (AC) was prepared using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an activator and Merbau wood as a lignocellulosic source for the AC. The AC was then impregnated with mono-metallic species (nickel, platinum, and palladium) as well as a bimetallic NiPd combination. The results revealed that the optimal KOH impregnation weight ratio was determined to be 2:1, resulting in a remarkably high iodine value of 751.94 mg/g. Subsequently, AC was employed as a support material for the hydrotreating of castor oil. Among the catalysts tested, the NiPd/AC catalyst demonstrated superior performance, yielding a liquid fraction comprising 88.80 wt.%. Within this fraction, C5-C12 hydrocarbons accounted for 15.16 wt.%, alcohol compounds constituted 71.69 wt.%, while the remaining 0.87 wt.% consisted of other components. Furthermore, the NiPd/AC catalyst exhibited remarkable stability, as its performance remained largely unchanged even after being used three times consecutively. This finding suggests that coking had minimal impact on the active sites of the mentioned catalyst, indicating its robustness and potential for prolonged application.

Improved Activity and Durability of Carbon-Coated Pd and PdNi Anode Catalysts in AEMFC

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) have received growing attention due to the strategic potential of using low content (or absence) of PGM catalysts in the electrodes.[1] Completely PGM-free cathode catalysts are well established in those conditions,[2] while the anode ones remain critical in terms of the beginning-of-life activity and long-term performance.[3] The widely Pt- and Pd-based catalysts degrade mainly by nanoparticles detachment and agglomeration in alkaline conditions.[4] These degradations may be slowed down by wrapping the nanoparticles in some carbon layers (called carbon-coated), that prevent also metal oxidation and leaching into the electrolyte in the RDE setup.[5] However, the performance in AEMFC of carbon-coated nanoparticle catalysts is still unclear.Here, two groups (previously characterized in RDE, XRD, IL-TEM, XPS and ICP-MS techniques[5]) of carbon-coated catalysts were investigated in 5 cm2 AEMFC: monometallic Pd (Pd@C/C) and bimetallic PdNi (PdNi@C/C) nanoparticles supported on carbon, and compared them to unprotected ones (Pd/C and PdNi/C). The four different anode catalysts were compared for a fixed Pd anode loading of 0.27 mgPd cm-2, and were combined with a ZIF-8 derived Fe-N-C cathode catalyst (previously developed Fe0.5-NH3). The Pd@C/C and PdNi@C/C reached superior initial performances (700 and 1300 mA cm-2) than the Pd/C and PdNi/C references (300 and 390 mA cm-2) at 0.6 V and Tcell = 60 °C. This translates into an initial activity trend of PdNi@C/C > PdNi/C > Pd@C/C > Pd/C. After 12 h durability test at a cell voltage of 0.3 V, the AEMFC with the PdNi@C/C based anode exhibits a dramatically higher retention of performance (95%) than the cells with Pd/C (55%) and PdNi/C (70%) anodes. These results evidence the robustness of bimetallic carbon-coated nanoparticle catalysts for AEMFC anodes. Figure 1

Catalytic Hydrolysis/Hydrogenolysis of Lignin-Derived Aryl Ethers over Bimetallic Pd-Ni Systems: The Directional Regulation of Reaction Pathways

Catalytic Hydrolysis/Hydrogenolysis of Lignin-Derived Aryl Ethers over Bimetallic Pd-Ni Systems: The Directional Regulation of Reaction Pathways

Synthesis, characterization, and enhanced hydrogen generation from NaBH4 methanolysis of highly dispersed bimetallic PdNi nanoparticles supported on Vulcan carbon

In this presented work, the bimetallic palladium-nickel nanoparticles (PdNi NPs) supported by Vulcan carbon (VC) were synthesized by chemical method. The morphological structure of the synthesized PdNi@VC NPs was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrum (UV–Vis), Fourier infrared spectrometry (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization performed. According to the characterization results obtained, the size of the NPs was found to be 8.523 ± 2.036 nm. Then, hydrogen production efficiencies were tested according to different temperatures, substrate, and catalyst concentrations. Finally, the reusability test was performed. According to the results obtained, the hydrogen average production efficiency of NPs was calculated as 84%. The activation energy (Ea), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) values of the catalyst were found to be 54.2 kJ/mol, 51.7 kJ/mol, -134.5 J/mol.K, respectively. This study guides the new catalytic energy production studies to be carried out on nanotechnological platforms. These synthesized nanoparticles can be developed to be an efficient catalyst for hydrogen generation as an alternative energy source.

Green and efficient synthesis of primary amine from nitrile catalyzed by Pd-Ni oxide nanocluster

The selective hydrogenation of nitrile represents an atom-economical and reliable method to synthesize primary amine, a privileged compound in chemistry, biology, and medicine. However, this approach often displays severe selectivity issues, and additives or reducing agents are generally required to solve this problem. In this work, we aim to synthesize primary amine on a green catalytic system and probe into the catalytic mechanism of Pd-Ni interaction using benzonitrile (BN) as a model compound. The nitrile hydrogenation reaction was catalyzed by bimetallic Pd-Ni oxide nanospecies confined in Silicalite‑1 (S-1) zeolite using H2 as hydrogen donor without any additive which was environmentally friendly and economic. A 92% yield of benzylamine (BA) was achieved on the Pd0.6Ni@S-1 catalyst with a turnover number (TON) of 1667, and such BA yield was still maintained in upscaling experiment. Detailed characterizations shed light on the mechanism of the extraordinary performance of Pd-Ni oxide nanospecies on base-free nitrile hydrogenation.

Potential reversible reactions over PdNix alloy catalysts: Hydrogen evolution from formic acid and formic acid formation by CO2 reduction reaction

A novel approach is required to achieve effective CO2 utilization. This study demonstrates a new approach for the reversible reaction in the CO2-HCOOH cycle, that is, FA decomposition and CO2 reduction, under ambient pressure using Pd-based alloy catalysts. First, Pd-based alloys (Pd-M; M = Co, Ni, and Zn) were screened for FA decomposition; the PdNi alloy showed superior catalytic activity compared to Pd and the other alloys. Second, Pd3Ni, PdNi, and PdNi3 were prepared to understand the composition-dependent activity of the PdNix series. DFT calculations provided insight into why the PdNix alloys show higher catalytic activities for FA decomposition than Pd. Finally, the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction was investigated, and the PdNix alloy catalysts showed superior selectivity for FA formation compared to Pd catalysts. Thus, this study provides a novel strategy for CO2 utilization using bimetallic Pd-Ni heterogeneous catalysts.

Combined Steam and CO2 Reforming of Methane over Ni-Based CeO2-MgO Catalysts: Impacts of Preparation Mode and Pd Addition

The sol–gel template technique makes it possible to synthesize a stable and efficient nickel catalyst based on magnesium-modified cerium oxide Ce0.5Mg0.5O1.5 for the combined steam and CO2 reforming of methane. To stabilize dispersed forms of the active component in the matrix of the support, the catalysts were synthesized by changing the support precursor (cerium acetate and chloride), the active component composition (Ni, NiPd) and the method of introducing nanoparticles. The relationship was established between the physicochemical and catalytic characteristics of the samples. The use of cerium acetate as a support precursor provided smaller pore and crystallite sizes of the support, a stabilization of the dispersed forms of the active component, and excellent catalytic characteristics. The introduction of Pd into the Ni nanoparticles (Pd/Ni = 0.03) increased the resistance of the active component to sintering during the reaction, ensuring stable operation for 25 h of operation. The increased stability was due to a higher concentration of defective oxygen, a higher dispersion of bimetallic NiPd nanoparticles, and the Ni clusters strongly interacting with the NiO-MgO solid solution. An efficient and stable Ni0.194Pd0.006Ce0.4Mg0.4O1.4 catalyst for the conversion of CO2 into important chemicals was developed. With the optimal composition and synthesis conditions of the catalyst, the yield of the target products was more than 75%.

Hydrotalcite-Based Bimetallic PdNi Catalysts with High Sulfur Tolerance for the Hydrogenation of Dicyclopentadiene Resin

Hydrotalcite-Based Bimetallic PdNi Catalysts with High Sulfur Tolerance for the Hydrogenation of Dicyclopentadiene Resin

Electrospun NiPd Nanoparticles Supported on Polymer Membrane Nanofibers as an Efficient Catalyst for NaBH4 Dehydrogenation.

Sodium borohydride (SBH) hydrolysis in the presence of cheap and efficient catalysts has been proposed as a safe and efficient method for generating clean hydrogen energy for use in portable applications. In this work, we synthesized bimetallic NiPd nanoparticles (NPs) supported on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) nanofibers (PVDF-HFP NFs) via the electrospinning approach and reported an in-situ reduction procedure of the NPs being prepared by alloying Ni and Pd with varying Pd percentages. The physicochemical characterization provided evidence for the development of a NiPd@PVDF-HFP NFs membrane. The bimetallic hybrid NF membranes exhibited higher H2 production as compared to Ni@PVDF-HFP and Pd@PVDF-HFP counterparts. This may be due to the synergistic effect of binary components. The bimetallic Ni1-xPdx(x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3)@PVDF-HFP nanofiber membranes exhibit composition-dependent catalysis, in which Ni75Pd25@PVDF-HFP NF membranes demonstrate the best catalytic activity. The full H2 generation volumes (118 mL) were obtained at a temperature of 298 K and times 16, 22, 34 and 42 min for 250, 200, 150, and 100 mg dosages of Ni75Pd25@PVDF-HFP, respectively, in the presence of 1 mmol SBH. Hydrolysis utilizing Ni75Pd25@PVDF-HFP was shown to be first order with respect to Ni75Pd25@PVDF-HFP amount and zero order with respect to the [NaBH4] in a kinetics study. The reaction time of H2 production was reduced as the reaction temperature increased, with 118 mL of H2 being produced in 14, 20, 32 and 42 min at 328, 318, 308 and 298 K, respectively. The values of the three thermodynamic parameters, activation energy, enthalpy, and entropy, were determined toward being 31.43 kJ mol-1, 28.82 kJ mol-1, and 0.057 kJ mol-1 K-1, respectively. It is simple to separate and reuse the synthesized membrane, which facilitates their implementation in H2 energy systems.

Influence of Temperature on the Kinetic Parameters of the Pd-Ni Electroplating Process from Ethaline

In the present work, the kinetic parameters from the electrodeposition of bimetallic Pd-Ni nanoparticles on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were studied. These parameters are P1 directly related to the diffusion coefficient (D), P2 related to the numerical density of active sites (N0) and the nucleation frequency (A). In addition, the type of nucleation that occurs in electrodeposition, instantaneous or progressive. The electrolytic medium used was an ethaline deep eutectic solvent (DES) for electrodeposition due to its good electrochemical properties. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and potentiostatic current density transients (j-t) were performed at two temperatures, 25 and 70 °C. The j-t values ​​were used to generate theoretical fittings using the Scharifker and Hills, and the Díaz-Morales models for bimetallic phases.

Electrochemical formic acid oxidation catalyzed by graphene supported bimetallic Pd-Ni clusters: The role of Ni content and the hydrogen coverage effect

By means of periodic density functional theory calculations, we have investigated the electrocatalytic formic acid oxidation (FAO) on graphene supported Pd-Ni catalysts and elucidate the detail about the role of Ni content in different Pd-Ni atomic ratio and the hydrogen coverage effect. The FAO reaction often onsets at low oxidation potential range, where deposition of hydrogen is alive and affect the catalytic performance of Pd-Ni clusters, accordingly, the FAO reaction on varied H* ratio Pd-Ni clusters accompanying with enhanced external potential is also considered. In our calculation, the H* saturated situation would suppress the formation of COOH* much more than that of HCOO*, even controlling the reaction energy of HCOO* from HCOOH become moderate in FAO reaction. In addition, the potential requirements to proceed the FAO reaction on Pd10-gra and Pd8Ni2-graphene are similar but Ni content could also suppress formation of COOH* and enhance the interaction between Pd8Ni2-graphene and HCOO* species. Pd6Ni4-grahene model is another choice for FAO reaction, in which the HCOO* species on clean Pd6Ni4-graphene model has lowest onset potential of 0.18 V for HCOO* deprotonation to CO2 in all of our models. However, excess Ni content would cause Ni exposed on Pd2Ni8-grahene, where the HCOO* is downhill in energy with a larger onset potential of 0.59 V for the deprotonation of HCOO*, but the hydride formation of 8H* and 9H* Pd2Ni8-graphene could overcome the question.

Enhanced activity of bimetallic Pd-Ni nanoparticles on KIT-6 for production of hydrogen from dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole

The development of catalysts with excellent dehydrogenation performance is the key to solving the problem of slow dehydrogenation and high temperature in the liquid organic hydrogen carrier hydrogen storage cycle. The bimetallic Pd-Ni/K6 catalyst was prepared by inorganometallic chemistry adsorption (ICA) and ultrasonic-assisted isopropanol reduction. Pd(NH3)42+and Ni2+will be anchored at the location of silanol groups (Si-OH) on the surface of KIT-6 (K6) by ICA, which prevents the aggregation of bimetallic Pd-Ni nanoparticles (NPs) during ultrasonic reduction. The HADDF-STEM results showed that Pd-Ni NPs with an average particle size of 2.1 nm were uniformly dispersed on the K6 surface. Pd-Ni alloy structure was found in Pd4Ni1/K6, and there was obvious electron transfer from Ni to Pd. The small Pd-Ni NPs, the electronic interaction of bimetallic Pd-Ni NPs, and the lattice defects caused by the Pd-Ni alloy enhance the activity of Pd4Ni1/K6 for H12-NEC dehydrogenation. At 180°C, the hydrogen productivity over Pd4Ni1/K6 is 1.7 times higher than that of Pd/K6. The complexation of Pd and Ni with O of Si-OH stabilized Pd-Ni NPs and prevented their agglomeration and leaching. Pd4Ni1/K6 showed excellent cycle stability, and the dehydrogenation efficiency remained above 90 % after 5 cycles.

Electrooxidation of Glycerol on an Electrodeposited Pd-Ni Catalyst on Ni Foam

An increased global demand for clean energy and a sustainable future has led to the intense investigation of hydrogen as a low-carbon energy source in fuel cells and chemical reductant in vital industries such as low-carbon steel production. However, the current status of H2 production through water electrolysis in terms of global H2 availability only makes up around 5%, with the overwhelming bulk of that being formed through the chlor-alkali process. The remaining 95% of H2 production is through steam reforming with coal and natural gas. With the climate crisis expected to be the challenge of the century, it is vital that H2 production be uncoupled from fossil fuels if it is to be a green energy carrier and fuel of a low-carbon global economy.The implementation of direct water electrolysis on a large scale has the dominating issue of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the anode. This reaction is limiting due to it being energy intensive as it proceeds through a four-electron transfer with a high equilibrium potential that exhibits sluggish kinetics, which are only overcome by operating at overpotentials requiring high energy input. The electrochemical oxidation of glycerol, a tri-hydroxyl functionalised alcohol, offers a more thermodynamically favourable anodic reaction to support the concurrent hydrogen evolution reaction at the cathode.Glycerol, a low-cost by-product of biodiesel refineries, has shown to be an excellent platform chemical. Through oxidation it can provide valuable chemical precursors in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. These glycerol oxidation products typically include glyceric, tartronic, glycolic, lactic, oxalic and formic acid, to name a few. The specific formation of these products is highly dependent on the experimental conditions. In aqueous electrochemical setups, the chemistry and structure of the catalyst, pH of the electrolyte and the anode potential can all have significant effects on the selectivity of the glycerol oxidation products.The electrodeposition of bimetallic PdNi electrocatalysts on a porous Ni foam substrate (PdNi/NiFoam) provides a facile synthesis route for highly active catalysts for the glycerol electrooxidation reaction (GEOR) at high temperature and alkaline conditions. From previous work on PdNi electrodeposited on an RDE, it was established that a ratio of 2:1, NaOH:glycerol with moderate convection at 80 °C achieved the highest GEOR current density.1 This study, conducted in 2 M NaOH and 1 M glycerol in a divided 3-electrode cell using a Luggin capillary, builds upon the aforementioned previous work, using the optimised experimental conditions, for a porous electrode with a higher Ni composition in the electrocatalyst, approximately 60:40, Pd:Ni. Here the focus is on the achievable anodic current density and glycerol oxidation product selectivity for puriss glycerol in aerated and deaerated atmospheres. It is found through IR-corrected polarisation curves and steady state LSVs, that current densities of 1000 mA cm-2 can be reached at potentials lower than -0.1 V vs. Hg/HgO (~0.9 V vs. RHE), without deactivation. Furthermore, it is seen that in galvanostatic conditions at a current density of 500 mA cm-2 in a deaerated batch solution for 2 h, the PdNi/NiRDE electrocatalyst did not deactivate and provides a glycerol oxidation product selectivity of > 70% for glycerate.The present results emphasise strongly the possibility for the GEOR to be a contributor to not only the production of H2 for the future hydrogen economy but also as a means to convert a waste product into valuable chemical products for further utilisation. Moreover, the results show that even at industrially relevant current densities, good product selectivity is possible. J. White et al., Electrochimica Acta, 139714 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139714. Figure 1. IR-corrected polarisation curve of glycerol oxidation between 1 and 1000 mA cm-2 (from low to high current) on a PdNi catalyst electrodeposited on Ni Foam, in 2 M NaOH and 1M glycerol at 80 oC. No deactivation of the electrocatalyst at 1000 mA cm-2. Figure 1

Light-Driven Hydrogen Production from Steam Methane Reforming via Bimetallic PdNi Catalysts Derived from Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets

Steam methane reforming is one of the primary industrial hydrogen sources but depends upon high temperatures to activate the inert C–H bonds in methane, motivating novel methods to achieve more sustainable methane activation and hydrogen production. Here, we prepared a PdNi bimetallic catalyst derived from layered double hydroxides for light-driven steam methane reforming, achieving a hydrogen production rate of 82.9 mmol g–1 h–1 at 300 °C under xenon lamp illumination. Outdoor condensed sunlight irradiation further delivered a hydrogen production rate of up to 260.9 mmol g–1 h–1. Both temperature-programmed desorption and density functional theory calculations indicated that Pd doping enhances the adsorption and activation of inert methane molecules, promoting hydrogen production via the reforming process. These results provide a reference for the direct utilization of solar energy to produce hydrogen from earth-abundant natural gas and water sources.

Bimetallic nickel-palladium nanoparticles with low Ni content and their enhanced ethanol oxidation performance: Using a pulsed laser as modification machinery

Currently, the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) is complicated and requires several chemicals and a high amount of energy. Therefore, it is crucial to advance a novel method for synthesizing bimetallic NPs with excellent electrocatalytic activity. Herein, 3 nm bimetallic nickel-palladium (NiPd) NPs were synthesized via facile pulsed laser irradiation (PLI) method without using any reducing agents. The synthesized NPs included a very low nickel (Ni) content of approximately 4–8 wt% due to the reduction potential difference between the Ni and Pd. The cohesive force between the particles also increased, based on the high Ni content. The electrochemical results indicated that the synthesized NPs showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for use in an ethanol oxidation reaction in an alkaline electrolyte. The obtained bimetallic NiPd NPs with a Ni content of 5 wt% offered a superior mass activity of 4.26 A/mgPd compared with other NPs. This study highlighted that the PLI method showed great potential for synthesizing highly electrocatalytically active bimetallic NiPd NPs for use in an ethanol oxidation reaction.