Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University Research Articles

Productivity and quality of paulownia wood in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. To determine the effect of application of fertilizer, cryoprotectant and foliar feeding on the formation of yield and quality of paulownia. Methods. The research was conducted in 2021–2023 at the experimental plot of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University located in the forest plantations in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine (Kyiv region). Design of the experiment: factor A – fertilization: 1) without fertilizers, 2) application of organic fertilizer Vermykompost before planting (400 kg/ha); factor B – application of cryoprotectant: 1) without cryoprotectant, 2) cryoprotectant Mars-EL (0.5 l/ha) applied at the beginning of leaf growth; factor B – foliar application of fertilizers: 1) no treatment, 2) Quantum-AmiNoFrost (1.5 l/ha), 3) SmartGrow Recovery (2.0 l/ha). Results. At the end of the first, second and third years of paulownia cultivation, the average diameter of the trunk was 8.8; 12.2 and 17.3 cm, respectively. The application of organic fertilizer contributed to the average annual increase in this indicator by 3.0, 1.5, and 1.7 cm, and application of cryoprotector – by 0.3, 0.3, and 0.4 cm per year, respectively. The highest values of the trunk diameter in the experiment were obtained under combined application of Vermykompost, cryoprotectant and foliar fertilizer Quantum-AmiNoFrost or SmartGrow Recovery: in the first year – 10.5–10.6 cm, in the second – 13.1–13.2 cm, and in the third year – 18.4 cm. During the first, second and third years of vegetation, dry matter content of paulownia biomass per plant averaged to 3.0, 12.9, and 26.7 kg, respectively. At the same time, the application of fertilizer provided an increase in the dry matter content of 0.7, 1.7, and 3.8 kg per plant, while application of cryoprotectant provided 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg per plant, respectively. Similarly to the diameter of the trunk, dry matter accumulation per plant was the highest under combined action of all factors of the experiment: in the first year – 3.58–3.60 kg, in the second – 14.1–14.2 kg, and in the third – 29.4 kg. Conclusions. The yield of dry matter of paulownia in the first year of cultivation averaged 1.88 t/ha. Application of fertilizer provided dry matter increase of 0.45 t/ha, and cryoprotectant – 0.19 t/ha in the first year; 8.04 t/ha in the second year, with increases by factors of 0.45 and 0.19 t/ha, respectively, and in the third year – 16.68 t/ha, with increases by factors of 2.40 and 0.73 t/ha, respectively. In all years of the experiment, the highest dry matter yield was recorded in the combined treatment with the use of organic fertilizer, cryoprotectant and foliar fertilization: in the first year, dry matter yield was 2.24–2.25 t/ha, in the second 8.80–8.90 t/ha, and in the third year 18.40 t/ha. The average content of cellulose in paulownia biomass over the years of research was 43.8% and lignin – 20.3%. The use of organic fertilizer provided an increase in these indicators by 1.05 and 0.29%, respectively, and cryoprotectant – by 0.41 and 0.24%. The highest content of cellulose (44.5%) and lignin (20.7%) were noted for the combined action of all three factors of the experiment. As to the ash content, the average indicator for the experiment was 1.1%, and the deviations of his parameter did not depend on the influence of the experimental factors (the difference was within the experimental error).

ОСТРУКТУРЕНІСТЬ ҐРУНТУ, ЗАБУР`ЯНЕНІСТЬ І ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ЛАНОК СІВОЗМІНИ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СИСТЕМ ОСНОВНОГО ОБРОБІТКУ ТА УДОБРЕННЯ ЧОРНОЗЕМУ ТИПОВОГО В ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНОМУ ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

The goal of the research is to study the influence of different tillage and fertilization systems on the structural condition of the arable (0-30 cm) soil layer, the weediness of agrophytocenoses, and the productivity of two links of field crop rotation. Materials and methods. The experimental work was carried out in 2021-2023 on a typical deep low-humus chernozem of the experimental field of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University in a five-field stationary specialized (grain) crop rotation. Four systems of basic soil tillage and fertilization of agrophytocenoses were studied. The zero fertilization system did not provide for the application of fertilizers, the first - 6 tons of manure + N64P54K58, the second - 6 tons of manure + N98P66K92, the third - 6 tons of manure + N126P82K116 per hectare of arable land. Analysis methods: field, laboratory, comparative, mathematical-statistical. Results. The article presents the results of studies on cultivation of various agricultural crops under four systems of basic soil tillage and four systems of agrophytocenoses fertilization. The influence of these agrotechnical measures on the structural state of arable layer, the current weediness of agrophytocenoses, and the yield of grain and green mass of the crops under study have been considered. Long-term studies have convincingly proven that with chisel-disc, and especially disc tillage, there is a clearly defined profile differentiation of the arable soil layer in terms of the content of water-resistant aggregates in different parts of it - most of them are in the lower (20-30 cm) part, significantly less in the upper (0-10 cm). With an increase in fertilizer application rates, the structural condition improves and the actual weediness of agrophytocenoses decreases. Grain crop yield is significantly reduced by chisel-disk and disk processing; when differentiated, it increases in the agrophytocenosis of winter wheat and buckwheat and decreases in the agrophytocenosis of peas, but these changes do not reach statistically significant values. Significantly less green manure mass of white mustard was obtained by disc processing and significantly more was obtained with differentiated processing of only fertilized areas of the second link of crop rotation. During chisel-disk processing, this indicator decreases insignificantly in the first link and increases insignificantly in the second. Conclusions. It is noted that the first link dominates in the collection of feed units, the yield of grain and digestible protein per hectare of arable land, and the provision of digestible protein to a feed unit. An insignificant advantage of the second link was observed in the collection of dry matter of the main and by-products only in the differentiated treatment areas fertilized with the second and third rates of fertilizers. Analyzing the data obtained, it can be argued that with non-shelf-disk and disk cultivation, the productivity of a hectare of arable land in both stages of crop rotation significantly decreases. With differentiated and shelf-disk processing, this indicator is almost at the same level. Keywords: soil structure, weed infestation, soil, crop rotation, link, cultivation, fertilization, productivity.

BODY WEIGHT OF CHERAX QUADRICARINATUS AND INDICATORS OF HS-GROUPS IN THEIR LIVER AFTER INCLUSION OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF VERMICULTURE BIOMASS IN THE DIETS

Crustacean products have a positive dynamic demand among the population of the country. Crayfish meat is an effective source of essential amino acids and other biologically active substances for the human body. An important element in the technology of crayfish farming is their feeding. The growth rate of crayfish Сherax quadricarinatus depends on the content and origin of protein in their diets. An effective source of protein for crayfish can be the biomass of a hybrid of red California worms. However, the issue of determining the effectiveness of using vermiculture biomass grown on a substrate containing broiler manure fermented with active aeration in crayfish diets remains unexplored. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the optimal content of vermiculture biomass in diets on the growth of crayfish and the content of HS groups in their liver. To achieve the planned goal, in the conditions of the experimental farm of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, crayfish from the I, II and III experimental groups were fed standard diets containing 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 % of California worm biomass. Crayfish from the control group were fed standard diets (complete feed + oak leaves). The content of sulfhydryl groups in the homogenate from the liver of Cherax quadricarinatus was determined using the method of Ellman G.L. It was proved that feeding diets containing 20.0 % of vermiculture biomass increased the body weight of crayfish by 7.0 % compared to the control. The highest body weight of Cherax quadricarinatus at the end of the experiment was found in the group where the diet containing 15.0 % of California worm biomass was used. The difference with the control was 8.2 %. An increase in the preservation of crayfish by 8.0 % was found when feeding them 15.0 and 20.0 % of vermiculture biomass. The use of worm biomass increases the average daily and absolute growth of crayfish and does not cause a decrease in the content of sulfhydryl groups in their liver. The study of the chemical composition of muscle tissue of crayfish when fed diets containing vermiculture biomass is promising.

The content of dry matter and chlorophylls in paulownia plants of different ages in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. To determine the influence of the main fertilization, the application of cryoprotectant and foliar feeding on the formation of the content of dry matter and chlorophylls a and b in paulownia plantations of different ages. Methods. The research was carried out in 2021–2023 at the experimental plot of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University located in the forest plantations in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine (Kyiv region). Design of the experiment: factor A – fertilization: 1) without fertilizers, 2) application of organic fertilizer Vermykompost (400 kg/ha) before planting; factor B – application of cryoprotectant: 1) without cryoprotectant, 2) cryoprotectant Mars-EL (0.5 l/ha) applied at the beginning of leaf growth; factor B – foliar application of fertilizers: 1) no treatment, 2) Quantum-AmiNoFrost (1.5 l/ha), 3) SmartGrow Recovery (2.0 l/ha). Results. In the first year of vegetation in the flowering phase, the average content of dry matter of paulownia plants was 44.8%, chlorophylls a and b – 2.6 and 1.5 mg/kg, and in the control treatment – 43.6%, 2.14 and 1.43 mg/kg, respectively. According to the experiment, the highest indicators were obtained in the treatment of fertilizing plantations with organic fertilizer Vermykompost, as well as cryoprotectant Mars-EL and foliar application of anti-stressors Quantum-AminoFrost or SmartGrow Recovery: dry matter content – 46.4 and 46.9%, chlorophyll a – 2.80 and 2.89 mg/kg, chlorophyll b – 1.59 and 1.65 mg/kg, respectively. In the 2-year-old plantations, the average content of dry matter in the treatments was 45.7%, chlorophylls a and b – 2.74 and 1.54 mg/kg, while in the control treatment these indicators were significantly lower: 45.2%, 2.24 and 1.24 mg/kg, respectively. As in the previous year, the maximum contents of dry matter (46.2–46.3%) and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a: 2.89–3.01 mg/kg, chlorophyll b: 1.66–1.70 mg/kg) obtained for combinations of all three factors of the experiment. In the third year of vegetation of paulownia plantations in the flowering phase, on the average, the stems contained 51.2% of dry matter; the content of chlorophyll a in the leaves was 3.95 mg/kg, chlorophyll b – 2.84 mg/kg, in the control variant – 49.7%, 3.71 and 2.51 mg/kg, respectively. The highest results according to the experiment, as in the previous two years, were recorded in the treatment with the complex application of organic fertilizer Vermykompost, cryoprotectant Mars-EL and Quantum-AminoFrost or SmartGrow Recovery: the content of dry matter was 52.5–52.7%, chlorophyll a 4.05–4.07 mg/kg, and chlorophyll b 2.84–2.89 mg/kg. Conclusions. The parameters of the formation of indicators of the content of dry matter and photosynthetic pigments in paulownia plants were largely determined by the agrotechnical measures applied in the experiment, namely, the introduction of the main fertilizer and the treatment of plants during the growing season with cryoprotectant and anti-stress formulations, as well as the age of the plants. In particular, in the first two years of vegetation, the contents of dry matter and chlorophylls a and b were approximately at the same level in the experimental treatments, while in the third year, as the plants developed, they increased significantly. Throughout all the years of the study, the highest indicators of the content of dry matter and photosynthetic pigments were recorded in the treatments with the complex application of all three studied factors: fertilizer, cryoprotectant and foliar feeding.

TWO-YEAR FLOWER CULTURES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN OF BILA TSERKVA NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY

The article presents the results of the analysis of the collection of two-year-old flowering ornamental plants in the Botanical garden of Bila Tserkva national agrarian university. It was established that the biennial collection includes 17 species belonging to 15 genera and 10 families. The largest number of species is represented by the family Brassicaceae Burnett. – Brassica oleracea L. var. Acephala DC., Erysimum perovskianum Fisch.hort., Hesperis matronalis L., Lunaria biennis L. The collection presents species that have not only decorative, but also medicinal, fodder, and tanning properties. Diditalis grandiflora contains poisonous glycosides. Alcea rosea has ethnographic significance and belongs to amulet plants.
 The morphometric indicators of biennials by height and their flowering periods were analyzed. It was established that 41,2% of the collection of biennials of the Botanical Garden of the Bila Tserkva NAU belongs to low-growing species, medium-sized and tall plants are represented by the same number of species, which is 29,4% each. The largest number of species in the collection is represented by the group of summer-flowering biennials, 47,1%, late-spring-flowering ones make up 29,4%, and early-flowering ones – 23,5% of species. 
 Most biennials are cultivated in open ground to decorate flower beds, only a few to create seasonal bouquets and phytocompositions. Thanks to the plasticity of biennials, which is manifested in non-standard sowing dates, relative frost resistance and early spring and early summer flowering periods, biennials reduce the costs of growing seedlings and care for them after planting in a permanent place, provide an annual change in the design of flower beds and fill the flowerless periods of early spring and early summer. Biennials are suitable for creating borders, flower beds, rabatoks, lawns, carpets, ribbons, for decorating flowerbed groups and balconies, container culture. Tall species can be used as a background for the entire composition. Varietal diversity of Bellis perennis L., Brassica oleracea L. var. Acephala DC, Dianthus caryophyllus L. var. Grenadine hort, Dianthus barbatus L., Viola wittrockiana Gams. allows you to create monoculture flower beds with a wide color palette.

Peculiarities of photosynthesis in spelt (Tríticum spélta L.) in the Forest Steppe Zone of Ukraine

Purpose. To reveal the peculiarities of the influence of the cultivation technology elements on the course of photosynthetic processes in sowings. Methods. The research was carried out in the years 2019–2022 at the experimental field of the Scientific Research Center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Kyiv region) located in the zone of unstable soil moisture of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Spelt varieties ‘Zoria Ukrainy’, ‘Europe’, and ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’ were grown with the application of foliar fertilizer potassium humate HK-17 (400 g/ha) in the earing and milk ripeness stages, and Agriflex Amino growth regulator (200 g/ha) in the earing stage. Results. In the flowering stage, the average leaf area in the experiment was 44.9 thousand m2/ha. In particular, in variety ‘Zoria Ukrainy’ it was 45.3 thousand m2/ha, ‘Europe’ 45.5 thousand m2/ha, and ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’ 43.8 thousand m2/ha. A positive effect of foliar application of potassium humate in the earing stage was determined. Potassium humate contributed to an increase in the leaf area in the flowering stage of 2.1 thousand m2/ha, while an increase in the leaf area provided by application of Agriflex Amino in the earing stage was 1.0 thousand m2/ha. In the stage of milky grain ripeness, the average leaf area was 27.1 thousand m2/ha: 27.6 thousand m2/ha in ‘Zoria Ukrainy’, 27.8 thousand m2/ha in ‘Europe’, and 25.9 thousand m2/ha in ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’. The application of potassium humate HK-17 in the earing stage contributed to obtaining a additional leaf area of 0.98 thousand m2/ha and Agriflex Amino of 0.48 thousand m2/ha. At the same time, the application of potassium humate HK-17 in the stage of milk ripeness did not affect the change of this indicator. The highest indicators of net productivity of photosynthesis in variety ‘Zoria Ukrainy’ (1.07–1.08 g/m2 of dry matter per day) were in the treatment with potassium humate HK-17 in the earing stage and repeated in the milk ripeness stage. On the other hand, in ‘Europe' variety, the treatment with potassium humate in the earing stage repeated in the milk ripeness stage in combination with the application of Agriflex Amino growth regulator in the earing stage was 1.17 g/m2 of dry matter per day: it appeared the best treatment. The highest indicators of NPP were in sowings of ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’ variety, despite the fact that it had a slightly smaller leaf area. In particular, in the case of application of potassium humate in the earing stage repeated in the milk ripeness stage, the NPP was 1.18 g/m2 of dry matter per day, and for the combination with the application of Agriflex Amino growth stimulator in the earing stage it was 1.21 g/m2 of dry matter per day. Conclusions. The conducted research confirms the expediency of the foliar application of fertilizer potassium humate HK-17 and growth regulator Agriflex Amino in cultivation of spelt, which improves the course of photosynthetic processes in sowings during vegetation and thus provides optimal conditions for the obtaining high crop productivity.

Organization of distance learning using the Moodle platform, the Zoom service, and Google digital tools for higher education students of the Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture educational programs at Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University

Today, students of higher education study in Ukraine; it is not easy to imagine without information technologies, which are necessary for modern education. Creating a global information space, such technologies penetrate all spheres of human activity, thus becoming an integral part of the educational process. In today's challenges, pandemics, and wars, modern education relies on the informatization of the educational space and distance learning, drawing society's attention to distance learning technologies. During martial law, remote course training in schools and universities makes it possible to receive and continue learning, gain knowledge, and increase training. Using remote platforms to learn educational components is an integral part of the educational process. Training specialists, training, and counseling of higher education seekers in the existing conditions is only possible with modern educational online platforms. The main task is the correct organization of the educational process and for those seeking higher education to successfully acquire the necessary knowledge in specialized disciplines to prepare competent, competitive specialists. Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University applies a distance form of education, which is regulated by regulations (“Regulations on the system of internal quality assurance of education and educational activities at Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University”, “Regulations on the organization of current, semester control and attestation of applicants of professional pre-higher and higher education with the use of distance learning technologies in the regional university center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University”, “Regulations on the Moodle learning management system at Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University”). Distance learning in recent years has shown a sufficiently high-quality success rate of higher education applicants and the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel to ensure the educational program Water bioresources and aquaculture at the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. Students are provided with electronic versions of manuals, textbooks, lecture courses, and presentations on the Moodle platform and other services. The use of Google digital tools and the Moodle platform, the Zoom service help students of higher education acquire knowledge in their field in an accessible form and comfortable conditions.

Formation of spike length and number of spikelets in soft winter wheat varieties depending on the genotype and conditions of the year

The value of the variety in increasing the yield of soft winter wheat is undeniable. Therefore, the use of genetic patterns in breeding can improve the adaptability of modern varieties. In breeding and genetic studies, the formation of yield is considered as a complex characteristic due to many components. Studying the variability and stability of the main structural elements of productivity is an important task in the selection of soft winter wheat. The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of the formation in soft winter wheat spike length and the number of spikelets in it depending on the genotype and the conditions of the year, and to select genotypes with a consistently high expression for involvement in the selection process. The research was carried out in the conditions of the experimental feld of the Educational and Production Center of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University in 2018–2020. The source material for the research was varieties of different ecological and geographical origin recommended for growing in Ukrainian forest-steppe. Arithmetic mean ( ), minimum and maximum value of features (min–max), standard deviation (s), coefcient of variation (V, %), homeostatic index (Hom) were determined. To characterize moisture availability, the hydrothermal coefcient was calculated. According to the research results, such varieties as Tobak, Bohemia, Kvitka poliov, Legenda bilotserkivska, Svitilo, Platin, Kolonia, Akratos formed the largest spike length, exceeding the standard variety Lisova pisnia by 1.6– 2.3 cm. A high homeostatic index was determined by this feature in varieties Kvitka poliov (758), Kolonia (343), Svitilo (334), Perlyna Lisostepu (204). The varieties Akratos, Favorite, Kolonia, Svitilo, Platin, Legenda Bilotserkivska, Tobak were selected according to the number of in the ear, which had indicators from 19.0 to 20.4 pcs., which is 2.1–3.5 pcs. more than the standard sort (16.9 pcs.). The highest homeostaticity, in terms of the number spikelets in the spike, was received in Skagen (930), Kolonia (826), Flower of the Fields (780), Akratos (682), and Forest Song (461). Key words: soft winter wheat, variety, spike length, number of spikelets in the spike, homeostatics, selection.

Yield and quality of spelta grain (Tríticum spélta L.) in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine

The article presents the results of research on the peculiarities of the spelled yield formation and the grain quality depending on humate and plant growth regulator use in conditions of unstable moisture in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The purpose of the research was to identify the influence of elements of the technology of growing spelled varieties on the productivity and quality of the grain. During 2019–2022, research was conducted at the experimental field of the educational and production centre of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. It was found that the studied varieties differ in the biological manifestations of the grain yield formation, namely Zorya Ukrainy had a yield of 5.66 t/ha, Europe – 5.89 t/ha, and Atterhauer Dinkel – 4.85 t/ha. And according to the years of research, the best conditions were in 2021, when the average yield was 5.95 t/ha, and the worst in 2020 was 5.07 t/ha. Better productivity of spelled grain was observed in a multi-year perspective with the application of Humate potassium GK-17 in the earing phase and again in the milk ripeness phase by combining it with the introduction of Agriflex Amino in the earing phase. Under such conditions, the productivity of the Zorya variety of Ukraine was 5.90 t/ha, the Europa variety was 6.43 t/ha, and the Atterhauer Dinkel variety was 5.17 t/ha. As for the qualitative characteristics of wheat and spelled grain, the option of using Humate potassium GK-17 in the earing phase and again in the milk ripeness phase by combining it with the application of Agriflex Amino in the earing phase was determined. Under such conditions, the nature of the grain of the Zorya variety of Ukraine was 663 g/l, in the Europa variety 680 g/l, and in the Atterhauer Dinkel variety 758 g/l, the protein content was 18.55 %, 18.27 %, and 14.70 % and the crude gluten content is 48.8 %, 41.6 % and 33.0 %, respectively. These values were the best in the experiment and confirmed the high efficiency of the influence of the studied factors on the quality indicators of spelled grain. Key words: spelled wheat, variety, growth stimulator, potassium humate, productivity, protein content, gluten content, grain nature.

Peculiarities of photosynthesis in spelt (Tríticum spélta L.) in the Forest Steppe Zone of Ukraine

UDC 633.111.5:631.547 Zaika, N. V., & Karpuk, L. M.* (2023). Peculiarities of photosynthesis in spelt (Tríticum spélta L.) in the Forest Steppe Zone of Ukraine. Advanced Agritechnologies, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.47414/na.11.1.2023.285496 [In Ukrainian] Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, 8/1 Soborna square, Bila Tserkva, Kyiv region, 09100, Ukraine, *e‑mail: lesya_karpuk@ukr.net Purpose. To identify the influence of the elements of the cultivation technology on the yield structure of spelt. Methods. The research was carried out in the years 2019–2022 at the experimental field of the Scientific Research Center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Kyiv region) located in the zone of unstable soil moisture of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Spelt varieties ‘Zoria Ukrainy’, ‘Europe’, and ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’ were grown with the application of foliar fertilizer potassium humate HK‑17 (400 g/ha) in the earing and milk ripeness stages, and Agriflex Amino growth regulator (200 g/ha) in the earing stage. Results. The best indicators of the 1000-kernel weight were obtained with the foliar application of potassium humate HK-17 in the earing stage repeated in the milk ripeness stage in combination with Agriflex Amino growth regulator in the earing stage. Under such conditions, the 1000-kernel weight of the variety ‘Zoria Ukrainy’ was 68.9 g, ‘Yevropa’ 67.5 g, and ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’ 79.0 g. In terms of the influence of factors on the formation of the number of grains per ear, the highest indicators were obtained in the case of foliar application of humate potassium in the earing stage repeated in the milk ripeness stage. Moreover, for the variety ‘Zoria Ukrainy’, the combination with the treatment of plants with the Agriflex Amino growth stimulator in the earing stage was unimportant: in both treatments, 1000-kernel weight of 1.07 g was obtained. ‘Yevropa’ variety produced 1.09 g of grains per ear and ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’ 0.85 g. Conclusions. The highest seed weight per plant was in the ‘Zoria Ukrainy’ variety: 1.28–1.29 g was provided in the case of foliar application of potassium humate HK-17 in the earing stage repeated in the milk ripeness stage. At the same time, with the combination of humates and growth regulator Agriflex Amino in the earing stage, the weight of grains per plant in the ‘Yevropa’ variety was 1.42 g, and in ‘Atterhauer Dinkel’ 1.36 g, which were the best results of the experiment.

Inclusion of vermiculture biomass grown on a substrate of accelerated fermentation into combined feeds for broiler chickens

As the population increases, the problem of meat production will grow. An alternative method of solving this problem is growing broiler chickens; however, with this technology, the question of protein content and available amino acids in poultry feed remains open. Vermiculture biomass can be an inexhaustible source of protein for broiler chickens feeding. Under the vivarium of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, worms were grown on a substrate containing poultry droppings with litter fermented by an accelerated method with the participation of a destructor. Therefore, the work aims to establish the effect of such vermiculture biomass on productivity and protein metabolism in the body of broiler chickens. For this purpose, the broiler chickens of the research groups were fed with compound feed with a content of 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 % of vermiculture biomass. Poultry compound feed from the control group did not contain worm biomass. At the end of the experiment, the bird's body weight was recorded, the absolute and average daily gains were determined, and the indicators of protein accounting in the liver of broiler chickens were determined. It has been established that the body weight of broiler chickens varies depending on the content of vermiculture biomass in compound feed. Using a low dose of worms in the feed did not make it possible to obtain a statistically significant increase in the body weight of broiler chickens. By adding 3.0 and 4.5 % vermiculture biomass to the compound feed, the body weight of broilers increases by 3.5 and 3.7 % compared to the index of birds that were not fed worms. It was found that the absolute and average daily growth of broiler chickens that consumed compound feed containing 3.0 and 4.5 % vermiculture biomass increased by a statistically significant amount. It has been proven that using vermiculture biomass affects the protein metabolism indicators in broiler chickens' livers. In the liver of broiler chickens, which were fed with compound feed with a content of 3.0 and 4.5 % of vermiculture biomass, a tendency to an increase in the total protein content and a statistically significant increase in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was established. In the liver of broilers, which were fed with compound feed with a content of 3.0 and 4.5 % of worm biomass, a tendency to increase the content of total and protein total groups was revealed.

INDICATORS OF THE MICROBIOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF BROILER CHICKEN DROPPINGS WITH LITTER DURING DIFFERENT STORAGE TIMES

The increase in the population on the planet leads to an increase in the volume of food production. The high demand for poultry products leads to a rapid increase in the number of broiler chickens both in the world and in Ukraine, and at the same time to an increase in the volume of poultry waste, especially droppings and litter. Intensive and uncontrolled use of fresh broiler droppings as organic fertilizer for agricultural plants has a number of economic and ecological disadvantages. Therefore, there is a need to store (ferment) the broiler chickens droppings for a certain period of time (up to 20 months) in order to use it safely in crop production. Bacteria play an important role in the course of enzymatic processes in poultry droppings during its storage. It is of scientific interest to determine the number of bacteria in the droppings of broiler chickens with litter (cereal straw) stored for different times in the cold season. The content of microorganisms was determined in the droppings of broiler chickens. Samples were taken in January at an air temperature of 1.3 °C under the conditions of the experimental farm of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University from droppings 2 days after unloading from poultry houses, and which was stored for 4 and 9 months in barns. The content of CFU Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli was determined in the litter. The indicator of KMAFAnM in the droppings of broiler chickens unloaded from poultry houses was 3.5x108. Until the 4th month of storage of the droppings, the KMAFAnM indicator in it increased. For 9 months of storage, the index of KMAFAnM in the droppings of broiler chickens decreases by 58.7 times compared to the index obtained after 4 months of composting. A group of bacteria Bacillus spp. was represented by the following species: Bacillus subtilis (dominant), Bacillus mesentericus, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mycoides. Colonies of Bacillus spp. sown from droppings of different periods of storage were dry, with a wrinkled surface. They were colorless and light velvety in color. The edges of the colony of this bacterium were wavy. The lowest rate of CFU Bacillus spp. was found in the droppings unloaded from poultry houses. The number of CFU Bacillus spp. in droppings that was stored for 4 months was the largest. In broiler droppings that was stored for 9 months, the CFU indicator of Bacillus spp. was 10 times lower compared to droppings that was stored for 4 months. A group of bacteria Staphylococcus spp. was represented mainly by the following species: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. CFU index of Staphylococcus spp. in the droppings unloaded from the poultry houses was 4.6x107. The largest number of CFU Staphylococcus spp. was found in droppings that were stored for 4 months. In the droppings of broiler chickens after 4 months of storage, the CFU index of Streptococcus spp. was greater than at the beginning of storage by 28.8 times and by 53.1 times relative to the droppings stored for 9 months. Research on the detection of Escherichia coli bacteria in the droppings of broiler chickens had a negative result regardless of the time of storage of poultry droppings. CFU Escherichia coli were not detected.

TEMPERATURE AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF POULTRY MANURE UNDER DIFFERENT FERMENTATION MODES

To meet food needs both in Ukraine and globally, the production of affordable and relatively cheap poultry meat will increase. At the same time, the problem of increasing poultry waste accumulation, including manure with and without bedding, is becoming more acute. Large volumes of broiler manure in limited areas due to different storage conditions have a negative impact on the environment. The study of the conditions and modes of composting broiler manure as an effective way of its utilisation is of scientific and economic importance. The aim of the study is to determine the temperature and microbiological parameters of broiler manure composting using different modes of its aeration. To achieve this goal, fresh broiler manure was composted in the conditions of the scientific and educational research centre of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University using a mixture of biodestructors and different aeration regimes. In the control group, the piles were formed on a concrete platform without the use of a tubular frame of the barbital type, and aeration was carried out by mechanical mixing of broiler manure once every 10 days. In the experimental groups, piles of broiler manure were formed on tubular frames through which air was injected by a compressor. In the first experimental group, air injection was carried out for 15 minutes in the first half of the day. In the second experimental group, air was injected into the broiler manure twice for 15 minutes in the morning and in the evening. It was experimentally established that the composting temperature of broiler manure depended on the intensity of aeration of the latter. With daily aeration twice a day, the temperature of the manure biomass (6th day of composting) was the highest and exceeded the control values by 87.8 %. In experimental groups I and II, with one and two daily enrichment of broiler manure, the period of fermentation in the thermophilic mode was the same. Comparing the groups where poultry manure was enriched once and twice a day, it was found that double aeration did not lead to a statistically significant increase in the temperature of composted biomass. It was proved that active air enrichment of poultry manure (experimental group II) increased the QMAFAnM index and the number of Bacillus spp. bacteria by 7.6 and 24.0%, respectively, compared to the control group. The study of a number of chemical parameters of broiler chickens' manure composted by the accelerated method under different aeration regimes is promising.

Formation of professional competences of students of the educational programs “Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture” at Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University

Formation of professional competences of students of the educational programs “Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture” at Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University

Photosynthetic efficiency of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under the effect of elements of cultivation technology

Purpose. To determine photosynthetic efficiency of Sorghum bicolor hybrids under the foliar application of microfertilizers and plant growth regulators.
 Methods. The research was carried out in 2019–2021 in the experimental site of the Scientific Research Center of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Kyiv region). Sorghum hybrids 'Brigga' and 'Yutami' wereused in the study. The sowings were treated during the growing season with microfertilizers Alfa-Grow-Extra, 2 l/ha (1st treatment in the 5-leaf stage, 2nd treatment in the 9-leaf stage, 3rd treatment in the emergence of panicle stage) and Intermag-Corn, 2 l/ha (1st treatment in the 5-leaf stage, 2nd and 3rd treatments with an interval of 7 days) and plant growth regulators Regoplant, 50 ml/la and Stimpo, 20 ml/ha in the in the 5-leaf stage.
 Results. It was established that in the panicle emergence stage, the best indicators of the leaf area in the hybrid 'Brigga' were obtained with foliar application of the microfertilizer Intermag-Corn in combination with the growth regulator Regoplant – 49.1 thousand m2/ha, in 'Yutami' – with the application of Intermag-Corn in the composition with Regoplant or Stimpo – 52.9 thousand m2/ha, while in the control this figure was 48.1 thousand m2/ha. At the time of full grain maturity, 14.49 and 16.68 t/ha of dry matter were formed by the hybrids 'Brigga' and 'Yutami' in the treatment with Alpha-Grow-Extra with Stimpo growth regulator. In the interstage period from panicle emergence to flowering, the photosynthetic potential of the hybrid 'Brigga' was on average 0.44 thousand m2/ha × days, in 'Yutami' – 0.52 thousand m2/ha × days. In the interstage period from flowering to full maturity, in the hybrid 'Brigga' when treated with microfertilizer Alpha-Grow-Extra in combination with growth regulator Stimpo, the net productivity of photosynthesis was 3.33 g/m2 of dry matter per day, and in the case of using microfertilizer Intermag-Corn in combination with Stimpo growth regulator – 3.14 g/m2 per day. In the case of growing the 'Yutami' hybrid under foliar application of Alpha-Grow-Extra or Intermag-Corn, the best indicators of net photosynthesis productivity were obtained in the combination with Stimpo growth regulator – 3.19 and 3.19 g/m2 per day of dry matter, respectively.
 Conclusions. The studied elements of the technology, especially foliar application of microfertilizers, effectively influenced the course of photosynthesis processes and, accordingly, ensured the formation better indicators of sorghum productivity.

The influence of genotype and year conditions on the transgressive variability of stem length in popu-lations of the second generation of soft winter wheat

In 2019–2020, in the conditions of the experimental field of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, populations of F2 hybrids, created by crossing soft winter wheat varieties that differ in the duration of the growing season, were studied. The aim of the work was to establish the degree and frequency of transgressions in the length of the main stem depending on the meteorological conditions of the year and the parental forms selected for hybridization, and to select selectively valuable recombinants for further research. In 2019, in 40 out of 42 F2 populations, only a positive degree of transgression was established in terms of the length of the main stem, from 2.5 % (Myronivsk early/Kolchuga) to 53.8 % (Zolotokolosa/Shchedra nyva). With the use of maternal cytoplasm of early ripening varieties in four populations, all plants exceeded the extreme maximum values of the parents, and with the hybridization of mid-early, mid-ripening, mid-late varieties, 13 such combinations were studied. In the conditions of 2020, positive transgressive recombinants were isolated only in six out of 20 populations based on hybridization with the maternal form of early-ripening varieties, and negative ones – in nine. Negative transgressive recombinants were selected in 13 of 21 populations created by crossing mid-early, mid-maturing, mid-late varieties. At the same time, no positive transgressions were found. The selection of parental pairs differing in precociousness before hybridization expands morphogenesis in F2 populations of soft winter wheat and promotes the selection of both positive and negative transgressive recombinants by the length of the main stem. A significant influence of meteorological conditions and initial forms of hybridization on the formation of stem length and the manifestation of extreme maximum and minimum values in populations of the second generation of soft winter wheat was established. The use of early-ripening cytoplasm in hybridization has a greater effect on the positive transgressive variability of the length of the main stem in F2 populations compared to medium-early, medium-maturing and medium-late maternal forms. Key words: degree and frequency of transgressions, soft winter wheat, maturity groups, parent forms, main stem length, F2 populations.

Economic evaluation of the efficiency of grain sorghum growing

The article presents the results of research on the economic evaluation of the effectiveness of growing grain sorghum under the complex influence of the elements of growing technology in the conditions of unstable moisture in the forest-steppe of the Right Bank of Ukraine. The purpose of the research was to determine the economic evaluation of the effectiveness of growing grain sorghum under the complex influence of technology elements. The experiment was carried out during 2019–2021 in the conditions of the research area of the educational and production center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University using various methods, namely: computational and statistical. To calculate the basic costs, we used technological maps of growing grain sorghum, which are used by producers in the conditions of the Kyiv region. Also, when determining costs, we relied on the indicators of the control variants of grain sorghum of the various hybrids we studied. It was found that the higher costs for grain sorghum cultivation technology amounted to UAH 5,149.9, for a yield of 7.88 t/ha, while for a yield of 6.65 t/ha it was UAH 5,067.1. It was recorded that a higher profit was obtained on the option of foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Alpha-Grow-Extra, 2 l/ha (1 treatment of 5 leaves, 2 – 9 leaves, 3 – throwing out panicles) in combination with Stimpo growth regulator, 20 ml/ha in phase 5 leaves for the cultivation of the Brigga sorghum variety – 39,638 UAH/ha. Under the condition of cultivation of the Yutami variety on the option of foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Alpha-Grow-Extra, 2 l/ha (1 treatment of 5 leaves, 2 – 9 leaves, 3 – throwing out panicles) in combination with Stimpo growth regulator, 20 ml/ha in phase 5 of leaves, a profit of 48,550 UAH/t was obtained, and with the similar use of microfertilizer and growth regulator Regoplant, 50 ml/ha in the phase of 5 leaves, it was 48,622 UAH/t. Key words: grain sorghum, economic assessment, basic costs, yield, profit.

TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION, BIO-ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES AND PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC USE OF THE COLLECTION OF ANNUALS OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN OF BILA TSERKVA NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY

The article highlighted the results of the analysis of collection of annual flowering-and-ornamental plants in the Botanical Garden of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. It was found that the collection of annuals included 76 species and 267 varieties belonging to 61 genera and 27 families. The largest number of species was represented by the families Asteraceae – 25 and Amaranthaceae – 6 species. Callistephus chinensis (L.) Ness. species containing 171 varieties belonging to three classes, 10 types and 44 varietal types and Tagetes L. genus including three species and 42 varieties were distinguished by varietal diversity. The taxonomic composition of the collection of annual flowering-and-ornamental plants was analyzed and it was established that 53% belonged to beautiful flowering plants, 21% to leafy ornamental plants, 10% to fragrant plants, 7% to dried flowers, 5% to climbing plants, 4% to ground cover species. It was established that all species and varieties of the collection differed in origin, height of shoots, nature of branching. According to the methods of cultivation, 78,3% of the species and varieties of the collection were suitable for sowing in open ground, and only 21,7% required a seedling method of cultivation. Analysis of flowering dates showed that 22,5% of the species and varieties of the collection began flowering 8-9 weeks after sowing, 52,3% – after 10-12 weeks and 25,2% – after 13-14 weeks after sowing seeds. Ornamental qualities of annuals, in particular, growth forms and height of plants, color palette of flowers and inflorescences, terry forms of flowers, their aromatic properties, variety of shapes and sizes of leaves, long and abundant flowering and resistance to the conditions of urboecosystems allowed to widely introduce annual flower plants into urban landscaping, in particular, in geometric flower beds, mixed borders, rabatka, borders, solitaires, groups, Moorish lawns, parterre flower beds and to create monoculture gardens.

Adaptive response of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) to low and high temperatures in experimental conditions

Abiotic factors of the water environment are essential for the life of hydrobionts. They are determined by two main criteria – the intensity of the impact factor and the tolerance of each species. The work aims to substantiate the adaptive capabilities of this summer's koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) under the influence of low and high temperatures, to compare the coefficients and breathing rhythms of the research objects. Experimental research was carried out in the conditions of the aquarium-basin complex of the Department of Ichthyology and Zoology of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. Two aquariums with a volume of 800 dm3 were used for the experiment. Individuals of approximately the same size and weight (25–30 g) were divided into two groups. The first group of fish was kept at a temperature of 11–14 °C for 30 days, and the second group was kept at a temperature of 24–29 °C for 30 days. During the experiment, there were 20 specimens in each aquarium. This summer koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi). Feeding was carried out with Alltech Coppens Pre Grower feed – 15EF, 2.0 mm. Composition of ingredients (%) per 1 g of feed: raw protein – 50; fats – 15; fiber – 0.80; ash – 8.6; phosphorus – 1.21. In experimental conditions, changes in consumption of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) O2, the release of CO2 and NH3 (per 1 g of live weight in 1 hour) at temperatures of 11–14 °С and 24–29 °С were studied. The consumption of O2 and the release of NH3 in these summers of koi carp at low and high temperatures were compared. The change in respiration (RR) and ammonia (N/O) coefficients in “warm” and “cold” fish with increasing temperature was analyzed. The breathing rhythm and oxygen per breath at different environmental temperatures were determined. Based on the obtained data, the adaptive reactions of this year's koi carp to the influence of reduced and increased temperature indicators of the aquatic environment were determined.

Sorghum grain yield and energy efciency under different crop care measures

The results of research on the peculiarities of grain sorghum yield formation and its energy efciency depending on the use of microfertilizers and plant growth regulators in conditions of unstable moisture in the right-bank Forest-Steppe are shown in the article. The aim of the research was to identify the influence of elements of the technology of growing early-ripening grain sorghum hybrids on the productivity and energy efciency of the crop. During 2019–2021, research was conducted in the research feld of the training and production center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. It was found that the most favorable conditions for the realization of the biological potential of the culture were in 2021, when the average experiment was 9.89 t/ha, compared to 2020 – 5.39 t/ha. It was found out that the best grain yields in the cultivation of Brigga sorghum hybrid were obtained with the use of foliar fertilizer with micro-fertilizer Alpha-Grow-Extra combined with Stimpo growth regulator – 7.71 t/ha. However, for the cultivation of Yutami sorghum hybrid, on the variant of application of foliar fertilizer with alpha-Grow-Extra microfertilizer, in combination with both growth regulators, the yield was 8.89 and 8.88 t/ha. It was determined that the best indicators of energy collection with grain in the cultivation of Brigga sorghum hybrid were obtained on the variant of foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Alpha-Grow-Extra, 2 l/ha in combination with Stimpo growth regulator – 116.72 GJ/ha. And for the cultivation of Yutami sorghum hybrid on the variant of application of foliar fertilizer with micro-fertilizer Alpha-Grow-Extra, in combination with both growth regulators, the minimum difference and maximum energy collection was obtained – 134.58 and 134.39 GJ/ha. Key words: grain sorghum, hybrid, growth regulator, microfertilizer, yield, energy efficiency.