The recognition of traffic light in unmanned autonomous driving is one of the key functions. In general, to achieve this goal, deep learning and image processing technology are mainly used in autonomous driving industry. Both technologies have high recognition rates alone, but misrecognition can occur because of interference of the environment. misrecognitions are considered important problem because it may lead to big accidents. In this paper, we suggest using machine learning based on LabVIEW and deep running grounded in Python to increase recognition rate at intersection. By using both technologies, we can minimize the impact of the environment on traffic light recognition and reduce misrecognition.

Doce River suffered major environmental impacts throughout their courses due to the disruption of the tailings dam of the company Samarco—Brazil, characterizing it as the biggest accident in the mineral area throughout the southern hemisphere. The radiometric signature obtained for natural radionuclides of occurrence in sediment is an indicator of radiological pollution caused by accidents. By means of gamma-ray spectrometry, this work determined the radioactivity levels in sediments from samples collected before (2014) and after (2015) the accident obtaining indicators of pollution radiometric, namely radium equivalent, external and internal radiological risk, and compare them with the reference levels.

Smart contracts are a special type of programs running inside a blockchain. Immutable and transparent, they provide means to implement fault-tolerant and censorship-resistant services. Unfortunately, its immutability causes a serious challenge of ensuring that a business logic and implementation is correct upfront, before publishing in a blockchain. Several big accidents have indeed shown that users of this technology need special tools to verify smart contract correctness. Existing automated checkers are able to detect only well known implementation bugs, leaving the question of business logic correctness far aside. In this work, we present a symbolic model-checking technique along with a formal specification method for a subset of Solidity programming language that is able to express both state properties and trace properties; the latter constitutes a weak analogy of temporal properties. We evaluate the proposed technique on the MiniDAO smart contract, a young brother of notorious TheDAO. Our Proof-of-Concept was able to detect a non-trivial error in the business logic of this smart contract in a few seconds.

Embora focando o discurso jornalístico, este artigo discute a relação entre a informação apresentada em veículo de comunicação e sua repercussão no imaginário social. Essa aproximação entre as questões informacionais e as comunicacionais permite refletir teoricamente a respeito de seus impactos sobre a construção simbólica da população que recebe a informação. Além disso, ilustra o aparato teórico que estabelece relação direta entre informação e memória. É o que será abordado neste artigo. A referência a alguns dos piores desastres no cenário mundial leva em consideração aqueles que tiveram maior efeito sobre as pessoas e o meio ambiente. Observar os discursos jornalísticos empregados nos aniversários de grandes tragédias pode ajudar a descobrir o que pode ser apreendido em relação à essas rememorações periódicas que a mídia realiza, no intuito de compreender seu impacto no imaginário social. A rememoração cíclica dos grandes acidentes mundiais é o viés escolhido para analisar a memória de construção do discurso provocador do medo atômico. Trabalha-se com as múltiplas representações que a ideia de tempo pode ter dentro do jornalismo e observa-se que, ao celebrizar este ou aquele acontecimento, repetindo-o a cada período de tempo, a mídia se aproveita dele para autopromoção. O tempo e a memória representam estratégias discursivas para o jornalista, pois os vários usos do passado podem construir novas redes de sentido aos acontecimentos atuais, fazendo com que o valor-notícia desses fatos aumente. Como ilustração dessa premissa, analisam-se alguns artigos de celebrações de acidentes de origem nuclear: Chernobyl, em 1986, e Fukushima, em 2011, através dos quais, devido à uma distância temporal de 25 anos, é possível observar e ponderar sobre os discursos pré-construídos e os discursos transversos a esses acontecimentos, em um processo histórico de interpretação e de disputa na produção de sentidos.

Someone passed by a street in the vicinity of a highlight building broken down might have caught in an unexpected big accident on site, to have caused him seriously injured. However, in rare cases, it is possible for any human to avoid big accident by taking an action of avoiding accident, perceiving the serious fear status. Responding to such status, we tried to apply an experiment of simulation using a normal-sized, flat-panel high-definition image display. Incorporating virtual reality with high definition display, as well as generating big noise of iron angle poles crashed, letting a subject to see it with feeling of fear, instantaneously we measured subject’s reaction against the crushing scenes as well as big noise. Responding to the noise heard as well as big iron poles crashing seen, a resulting only 6% of subjects acknowledged valid response safely. Avoiding crisis of reaction in the subject’s behavior was taken from the virtual reality of experiment as some results. Seeing the fake big accidental scene on high definition image display was striking to the function of the subject’s brain sensor. This display system alarms on time the dangerous accident encountered to the subject for avoiding ultimate damages by viewing scenes if the display might be of high definition version.

Abstract A review is made of the quantitative methods used in the NREFS project (Management of Nuclear Risks: Environmental, Financial and Safety) set up to consider how best to respond to a big nuclear accident. Those methods were: the Judgement- or J-value, optimal economic control and a combination of the computer codes PACE and COCO2 produced at Public Health England. The NREFS results show that the life expectancy lost through radiation exposure after a big nuclear accident can be kept small by the adoption of sensible countermeasures, while the downside risk is less severe than is widely perceived even in their absence. Nearly three quarters of the 116,000 members of the public relocated after the Chernobyl accident would have lost less than 9 months' life expectancy per person if they had remained in place, and only 6% would have lost more than 3 years of life expectancy. Neither figure is insignificant, but both are comparable with life expectancy differences resulting from the different day-to-day risks associated with living in different parts of the UK. It is clear in hindsight that too many people were relocated after both the Chernobyl and the Fukushima Daiichi accidents. Remediation methods can often be cost-effective, but relocation of large numbers following a big nuclear accident brings its own risks to health and well-being and should be used sparingly, a message coming from all three of the quantitative methods. There is a need to understand and hence demystify the effects of big nuclear accidents so that decision makers are not pressurised into instituting draconian measures after the accident that may do more harm than good.

Tire is a very essential component in an automobile. If the tire pressure is not at the proper level, it may cause over inflationor under inflation which may further cause big accidents and affect the tire life.In this project a system is developed which can control the pressure of the tire automatically by using sensors and it will inflate the tires to its required pressure.A pressure sensor is used which will signalize if the pressure goes beyond or below the required level.Compressor is used for compressing the atmospheric air and filling it inside the tires.The signal will cause the compressor to supply the air as per the requirement to the tire.

Autonomous cars recognize the surroundings through multiple sensors and make decisions to control the car in order to arrive at destination without driver's interventions. In such environment, if sensor data forgery occurs, it could lead to a big (critical) accident that could threaten the life of the driver. In the paper, a research on a way to get accurate driving information through sensor fusion algorithm that has resilience against data forgery and modulation will be discussed.

Visualization of disaster dispersion prediction enables decision makers and civilian to prepare disaster and to reduce the damage by showing the realistic simulation results. With advances of GIS technology and the theory of volcanic disaster prediction algorithm, the predicted disaster dispersions are displayed in spatial information. However, most of volcanic ash dispersion predictions are displayed in 2D. 2D visualization has a limitation to understand the realistic dispersion prediction since its height could be presented only by colour. Especially for volcanic ash, 3D visualization of dispersion prediction is essential since it could bring out big aircraft accident. In this paper, we deals with 3D visualization techniques of volcanic ash dispersion prediction with spatial information open platform in Korea. First, time-series volcanic ash 3D position and concentrations are calculated with WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model and Modified Fall3D algorithm. For 3D visualization, we propose three techniques; those are 'Cube in the air', 'Cube in the cube', and 'Semi-transparent plane in the air' methods. In the 'Cube in the Air', which locates the semitransparent cubes having different color depends on its particle concentration. Big cube is not realistic when it is zoomed. Therefore, cube is divided into small cube with Octree algorithm. That is 'Cube in the Cube' algorithm. For more realistic visualization, we apply 'Semi-transparent Volcanic Ash Plane' which shows the ash as fog. The results are displayed in the 'V-world' which is a spatial information open platform implemented by Korean government. Proposed techniques were adopted in Volcanic Disaster Response System implemented by Korean Ministry of Public Safety and Security.

This paper is concerned with the numerical prediction of the burst pressure of a radial truck tire. Even though relatively rare, the tire fracture or failure brings up a big accident. Especially, the tire burst or rupture is a rapid loss of inflation pressure of a truck and bus tire leading to an explosion. The tire burst pressure, under this extreme loading condition, can be predicted by identifying the pressure at which the cord breaking force of the composite materials is attained. Recently, the use of finite element analysis in tire optimal design has become widely popular. In order to determine the burst pressure of a radial truck tire, an axisymmetric finite element model has been developed using a commercial finite element code with rebar element. The numerical result shows that the bead wire among the various layers modeled the rebar element breaks off first in the radial truck tire. The finite element modeling with the rebar element on the bead wire of a radial truck tire is able to well predict the tire burst pressure identifying the pressure at which the breaking force of steel bead wires is reached. The model predictions of tire burst pressure should be correlated with test data, in which case the tire is hydro-tested to destruction. The effect of the design change with the different bead structure on the tire burst pressure is discussed.

In the steel manufacturing process heat-endurance deterioration of a ladle used to cause a big accident. In this paper, an infrared imaging system and image analyzing procedure are proposed for inspecting refractory bricks of a ladle. The proposed algorithm contains following three parts: two-stage image selection procedure, reference point detection, and analysis of heat-endurance deterioration. Experiments were conducted with real data from a steel plant and detailed configuration of infrared imaging system was presented.

Abstract - This study is an analysis of characteristics and the causes of serious accidents in chemical industry. The statistical analysis was focused on preventive facilities, equipment failures, accident materials and instabilities of workers and employment type. First, it showed that the highest number of the victims of ac-cidents were involved in the industry of chemical materials and chemical products among the investigation of the manufactural industries. Also, particularly, they were investigated to be focused on the occurrence of the serious accidents in preventive facilities. Secondly, the most of the victims of serious accidents were found out not to be temporary or part-time worker but regular workers and most of the accidents occur in the form of big accidents involving more than 4 workers.Key words : serious accidents, chemical industry, a preventive facilities I. 서 론 1) 우리나라의 화학공장은 ‘60년대 말 ’70년대 초에 설립되면서 산업화가 본격적으로 일어났다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 산업화를 통하여 경제적으로 많은 효 † Corresponding author:hhahn@ut.ac.kr Copyright ⓒ 2015 by The Korean Institute of Gas

Aluminum anode of marine growth prevention system for ship is installed in seachest or sea water strainer. The Al anode is connected to a control panel that feeds a current to the anode. The dissolved io)ns produced by the anode are transferred in sea water, spreads through the sea water pipe system and creates a protective film in the pipelines. Thereby, corrosion in pipeline system significantly is reduced. In application on condition as a steel ship, the big accident can be caused by the corrosion. Accordingly, in this research, we evaluated influence of applied current and flow velocity on electrochemical characteristics of Al anode for marine growth prevention system (MGPS). Based on the results of the erosion-cavitation experiments, cavitation rate increased greatly until 120 min. of the experimental time and decreased a little at the point of 180 min. where pit grew and merging occurred but showed a tendency of steadily increasing consumption rates. Based on the results of the Tafel analysis, compared to static states, corrosion current densities show a rapidly increasing tendency when flow occurred.

본 연구에서는 유해가스 누출 측정장비인 리모트센싱 스팩트로미터(SIGIS2)를 이용하여 우리나라의 W와 C 산업공단에 대해 유해가스 누출을 현장 실측하였다. 리모트센싱 스펙트로미터는 유해가스의 원거리 분광(分光) 분석을 이용하는 원리로 유해가스 누출이 예측되는 실제 현장에 적용하여 그 위험성을 분석하고 시스템의 유용성을 파악하도록 하였다. 그 결과, <TEX>$SF_6$</TEX>, <TEX>$C_2HCl_3$</TEX>, <TEX>$CH_3OH$</TEX> 등의 유해가스를 검출할 수 있었다. 석유화학제조플랜트와 전자부품제조공장 등 유해가스를 다량 취급하는 대형 산업현장과 불특정 다수가 모이는 대형공연 등에 SIGIS2를 적용한다면, 대형사고의 예방과 대응이 가능하리라 판단된다. SIGIS2는 실시간으로 분석 가능한 50여 종의 성분 외에 500여 종 이상의 유해가스 데이터베이스(DB)를 구축하고 있고 이에 대한 유해가스 측정 및 분석을 통해 그 효용성을 확인할 수 있었다. This study measured harmful gas leakage of W and C which are Korean industrial park by using remote sensing spectrometer(SIGIS2) as measuring equipment of harmful gas leakage. Remote sensing spectrometer using principle of a long distance spectrum analysis was applied to the field and grasped usefulness of system by analyzing the risk. Therethrough, we could detect harmful gases like <TEX>$SF_6$</TEX>, <TEX>$C_2HCl_3$</TEX> and <TEX>$CH_3OH$</TEX>. It is possible to prevent and cope with a big accident if SIGIS2 is applied to large industry field as a petrochemical plant and electronic component manufacturing plant handling wholesale harmful gas plus venue where unspecific people gather. SIGIS2 forge not only analyzable 50 species constituent but also harmful gas DB over 500 species. consequently the usefulness was confirmed by analyzing and measuring of harmful gas.

At the request of the authors, the article Zhan L and Zhou K, Synchronous disturbance attenuation in a power magnetically levitated spindle based on parameter-scheduled H∞ control, Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, Epub ahead of print 23 June 2014. DOI: 10.1177/0142331214538999 has been retracted. The authors of the paper have recently brought to our attention that some of the experimental results presented were incorrect: (1) According to our recent research, some experimental results in this article cannot be repeated. The problem relates to a damaged displacement sensor. These experiments affected are mainly the unbalance tests at high speeds. We carried out the experimental research mentioned in this article at different times. The static suspension experiments (the step response experiments) shown in Figures 17 and 18, and the unbalance tests at low speeds (such as Figure 19) were done earlier than those unbalance tests at higher speeds. When we carried out the unbalance experiments at higher speeds (shown in Figures 21 and 24), the sensors used on that platform might already have been damaged, producing incorrect data. Then, recently we found that we couldn’t get the same or similar experimental results as shown in Figures 21, 22 and 24. Since the experimental results were not correct, the corresponding analysis based on the experimental results and the corresponding conclusions must be wrong. We realized that this is a big accident. (2) Some other minor mistakes in this article include: 1) the spelled out form of DSP on Page 2 should be ‘digital signal processor’, rather than ‘digital signal processing’; 2) the symbol Ws on Page 8 should be W1; 3) the symbol Wt on Page 8 should be W3.

Recently, a marked Poisson process (MPP) model for life catastrophe risk was proposed in Ekheden & Hössjer (2014). We provide a justification and further support for the model by considering more general Poisson point processes in the context of extreme value theory (EVT), and basing the choice of model on statistical tests and model comparisons. A case study examining accidental deaths in the Finnish population is provided. We further extend the applicability of the catastrophe risk model by considering small and big accidents separately; the resulting combined MPP model can flexibly capture the whole range of accidental death counts. Using the proposed model, we present a simulation framework for pricing (life) catastrophe reinsurance, based on modeling the underlying policies at individual contract level. The accidents are first simulated at population level, and their effect on a specific insurance company is then determined by explicitly simulating the resulting insured deaths. The proposed microsimulation approach can potentially lead to more accurate results than the traditional methods, and to a better view of risk, as it can make use of all the information available to the re/insurer and can explicitly accommodate even complex re/insurance terms and product features. As an example, we price several excess reinsurance contracts. The proposed simulation model is also suitable for solvency assessment.

The passive safety systems utilized in advanced pressurized water reactor (PWR) design such as AP1000 should be more reliable than that of active safety systems of conventional PWR by less possible opportunities of hardware failures and human errors (less human intervention). The objectives of present study are to evaluate the dynamic reliability of AP1000 plant in order to check the effectiveness of passive safety systems by comparing the reliability-related issues with that of active safety systems in the event of the big accidents. How should the dynamic reliability of passive safety systems properly evaluated? And then what will be the comparison of reliability results of AP1000 passive safety systems with the active safety systems of conventional PWR.For this purpose, a single loop model of AP1000 passive core cooling system (PXS) and passive containment cooling system (PCCS) are assumed separately for quantitative reliability evaluation. The transient behaviors of these passive safety systems are taken under the large break loss-of-coolant accident in the cold leg. The analysis is made by utilizing the qualitative method failure mode and effect analysis in order to identify the potential failure mode and success-oriented reliability analysis tool called GO-FLOW for quantitative reliability evaluation. The GO-FLOW analysis has been conducted separately for PXS and PCCS systems under the same accident. The analysis results show that reliability of AP1000 passive safety systems (PXS and PCCS) is increased due to redundancies and diversity of passive safety subsystems and components, and four stages automatic depressurization system is the key subsystem for successful actuation of PXS and PCCS system. The reliability results of PCCS system of AP1000 are more reliable than that of the containment spray system of conventional PWR. And also GO-FLOW method can be utilized for reliability evaluation of passive safety systems.

Although automobile is an indispensable vehicle to modern life, it also serves as a social problem with a big traffic accident. Among the reasons of traffic accidents, careless driving accounts for the largest part. So in order to avoid the careless driving, a system which can measure the posture of a driver and warns driver to drive carefully in the case of looking aside is necessary. Although the image measurement method is used broadly, there is a problem on which measurement accuracy is influenced by environment light, makeup of the driver, etc. in the general method based on the two-dimensional image. Therefore, in this study, we propose an image measurement method to obtain the head posture of driver. First we use three-dimensional measurement method which based on the infrared pattern projection to get 3-D information of head, and then we calculate the angle for faces. In this paper, we explain the composition method of an experiment system, and the results of head posture measurement experiment.

본 연구에서는 4대강 수계를 중심으로 발생한 각종 수질오염사고를 분석하였고, 수질오염방제 센터에서 수행한 업무도 평가한 후, 향후 발생하게 될 수질오염사고에 대한 대응 체계에 대하여 고찰하였다. 2007년부터 2012년까지 발생한 수질오염사고는 연평균 66.7건이었으나, 인명피해 사고는 없었다. 한강권역에서 89건(25.4%)으로 가장 높았으며, 낙동강권역에서 71건(20.3%), 금강권역에서 42건(12%), 영산강권역에서 28건(8%)이 발생한 것으로 조사되었고, 주요 4대강을 제외한 기타 하천에서도 104건(29.7%)이 발생했다. 관리부주의로 인한 사고가 가장 높은 비율인 179건(51.1%)을 차지하였고, 기타 80건(22.7%), 자연현상 70건(19.9%) 및 교통사고 21건(5.9%) 순으로 나타났다. 방제지원 실적은 유류유출로 인한 오염사고 발생 건수가 51건으로 전체의 대부분인 45건(89%), 수환경변화로 인한 물고기 폐사 사고 5건(9%), 화학물질 유출로 인한 오염사고 건수는 1건(2%)으로 분석되었다. 수질오염사고 발생시의 대응체계를 분석한 결과, 대형사고 및 중소형사고 모두 국가 전문기관, 즉 수질오염방제센터의 역할 또는 임무에 대한 법제화가 필요한 실정이다. Domestic water pollution accidents and response management were analysed on the basis of collected data from the latest 5 years. Although average 66.7 number of accidents were happened every year, no damages of human life were reported yet. According to the data collected, the accidents were occurred at Han river, Nakdong river, Keum river, Youngsang river and other rivers, where the percentages were 25.4%, 20.3%, 12%, 8% and 29.7%, respectively. Main reasons were blamed for negligent management, mixed influences, natural phenomenon and traffic accident. Response activities were performed in the case of the oil leak, the fish death caused by water environment, the spill of chemicals. From the diagnosis of water pollution accidents, it is recommended that the legistration of all control centers for their roles and duties was made in case of the big accidents as well as the small/middle accidents.

Many useful correlation equations derived for estimating the heat release rate for a postflashover room fire were applied in performance-based design. A postflashover room fire is very hazardous as demonstrated by several big accidents in the past few years. The authorities are starting to challenge the use of such equations as fire engineering design tools. Additional justification of the results with experiments in fire hazard assessment is now required. Two correlation equations on heat release rates with gas temperature for postflashover fire are commonly used. One was reported by Babrauskas and Williamson and the other by McCaffrey et al., denoted as BW and MQH equations, respectively. Both equations were justified in this article by reported experimental data. Two sets of reported experimental results on postflashover room fires with transient heat release rates measured by oxygen consumption calorimetry were used. One set was reported by Chow et al. on studying flashover in a compartment fire with gasoline pool fires up to 2.8 MW. The other set was the experimental data on cable fires in a long cavity reported by Hietaniemi et al. Direct comparison indicated that heat release rates estimated using the BW equation are lower than measured values of both sets of the experiments. This point should be watched while applying the BW equation in fire hazard assessment. Better agreement was observed in the equation by MQH. A possible reason is that the empirical constants in the MQH equation were deduced by fitting with experimental data.