Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B8762 modulates the infant gut-lung axis via microbial and metabolic reprogramming.

Desensitizing effects of fermented soymilk with Bifidobacterium longum BL21 and Bifidobacterium lactis BLa80 on a BALB/c mice model of soybean allergy

Metabolic, structural, and ecological foundations underlying the health benefits of HMO-adapting Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis

A 90-day oral toxicity study of heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 (ES1 HT) Postbiotic in rats.

The gut-brain axis serves as a vital communication pathway through which gut microbiota modulates central nervous system function. Chronic stress disrupts this balance, leading to gut dysbiosis, neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline. While probiotics have been widely investigated, the therapeutic properties of their non-viable metabolites, postbiotics, are less understood. This study examined the neurocognitive effects of postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium longum in a mouse model of chronic variable stress (CVS). Male BALB/c mice underwent a four-week CVS protocol, followed by eight weeks of oral postbiotic administration (10⁹ CFU/mL bacterial supernatant) from individual or mixed strains. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Morris Water Maze (MWM), Novel Object Recognition (NOR), and Shuttle Box tests, while hippocampal expression of AKT and Arc, genes linked to learning and memory, was analyzed by qRT-PCR. CVS markedly impaired performance across all cognitive tests. Postbiotic supplementation significantly reversed these deficits, with Bifidobacterium longum postbiotics exerting the most robust effects. Treated mice showed reduced escape latency and shorter platform distance in the MWM, improved discrimination in the NOR test, and increased latency to the dark compartment in the Shuttle Box, indicating enhanced spatial, recognition, and inhibitory memory. These behavioral improvements correlated with upregulated hippocampal AKT and Arc expression, suggesting strengthened synaptic signaling. Overall, postbiotic treatment, particularly from Bifidobacterium longum, effectively mitigated stress-induced cognitive dysfunction, highlighting postbiotics as promising therapeutic agents for stress-related and neurodegenerative cognitive impairments.

This study evaluated whether two interventions with putative lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-lowering properties, the phosphate binder sevelamer or a synbiotic, improve insulin sensitivity in humans. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm parallel-group trial. Twenty-twolean and twenty-eightparticipants with obesity completed the trial. Participants were randomized to: (1) sevelamer; (2) synbiotic (oligofructose plus Bifidobacterium longum Rosell-175); or (3) placebo, three times a day for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was change in peripheral insulin sensitivity (M) assessed by hyperinsulinemic (60 mU/m2 min) euglycemic clamp versus placebo. In participants with obesity, sevelamer improved the M (+2.176 [0.314, 4.038] mg/kg min vs. placebo; p = 0.022) and lowered LDL-C (-29.675 [-53.794, -5.556] mg/dL vs. placebo; p = 0.016). Synbiotic had no effect on insulin sensitivity or lipids in either group. No changes in markers of endotoxemia were observed with any intervention. Sevelamer increased plasma levels of metabolites linked to improved glucose and lipid metabolism, such as bile acids, amino acids (citrulline, betaine), NAD+ precursors (trigonelline), and xenobiotics (genistein, umbelliferone). Sevelamer improves insulin sensitivity and LDL-C in participants with obesity. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate sevelamer's metabolic mechanisms, potentially involving the mediation of bile acids and other host-microbiome-derived metabolites. ClinicialTrials.gov NCT02127125.

MMP1 Modulates Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression and Therapeutic Response Via Tumour Microenvironment.

While probiotics are increasingly consumed for health benefits, comprehensive safety assessments, particularly for novel strains, are imperative. This study aimed to conduct a holistic safety and efficacy assessment of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) BI45, spanning genomic analysis, in vitro tests, In vivo toxicity test, and a clinical trial. The safety of B. infantis BI45 was evaluated through: (1) whole-genome sequencing for antibiotic resistance and virulence genes; (2) in vitro phenotyping (hemolysis, cytotoxicity, gastrointestinal tolerance and antibiotic susceptibility); (3) an acute oral toxicity study in mice; and (4) a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Forty-eight healthy adults were recruited and randomly assigned to receive either B. infantis BI45 or a placebo (n = 24/group) for 8 weeks. Hematological, biochemical, immunological, and gut microbiota parameters were assessed. Genomic analysis identified no transferable antibiotic resistance or virulence genes. In vitro assays confirmed the absence of hemolytic and cytotoxic activity, alongside high gastrointestinal tolerance. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that B. infantis BI45 is sensitive to a range of antibiotics. No adverse effects were observed in the murine toxicity study at 2 × 10¹⁰ CFU/kg. Importantly, the clinical intervention revealed no adverse events or significant alterations in hematological, hepatic, or renal function markers in the B. infantis BI45 group, demonstrating an excellent safety profile. Furthermore, B. infantis BI45 supplementation significantly increased serum levels of immunomodulatory markers Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and antimicrobial peptide LL-37 compared to the placebo (p < 0.05) and modulated the gut microbiota by enriching beneficial short-chain fatty acid producers. The multi-tiered evidence demonstrates that B. infantis BI45 is a safe probiotic strain that does not induce adverse reactions in healthy adults. Its consumption positively modulates host immunity and the gut microbiota.Trial Registration Number: NCT06863415 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) is an important colonizer of the infant gut. This species is known to produce a variety of health-beneficial metabolites, including aromatic lactic acids (ALAs), supporting early-life immune development. However, the regulation of ALA production in B. infantis remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated how environmental factors, such as substrate availability and pH, affect B. infantis DSM20088 growth and ALA production in vitro. Bacterial batch cultivations supplemented with different amino acid concentrations revealed a linear relationship between indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (OH-PLA), and phenyllactic acid (PLA) production, and exogenous concentrations of tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, respectively. Furthermore, chemostat cultivations at physiologically relevant pH levels (4.5, 5.5, and 6.5) showed that an acidic pH slowed growth and shifted ALA production by B. infantis. Overall, ALA concentrations correlated strongly with bacterial abundance across and within pH levels, showing that cell density is a major determinant of ALA production. After considering the growth-limiting effects of lower environmental pH, it had a limited impact on the total production of ALAs, but the relative production of PLA was stepwise enhanced at more acidic pH at the expense of ILA, independent of cell density. In conclusion, this study shows that cell density, substrate availability, and environmental pH determine aromatic lactic acid production by B. infantis.IMPORTANCEBifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis can be an abundant bacterial species in the infant gut microbiota, where it supports immune development, e.g., through the production of aromatic lactic acids. In this study, we cultured Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis at different concentrations of aromatic amino acids and pH levels to investigate the effect of these environmental factors on aromatic lactic acid production. We show that there is a linear relationship between aromatic lactic acid production and the exogenous aromatic amino acid concentration, that the production strongly follows cell density, and that pH regulates the preference toward producing different aromatic lactic acids. This knowledge may help inform strategies to enhance or direct beneficial aromatic lactic acid (ALA) production in the infant gut.

Template-based preparation of W/O/W-type spray-dried probiotic microcapsules using pectin-zein pickering emulsion.

As an important and beneficial gut commensal, Akkermansia muciniphila plays a crucial role in regulating host metabolism and immunity. Lipooligosaccharides from A. muciniphila (ALOS) show anti-obesity effects in high-fat diet-fed mice. Herein, we investigated the chemical characteristics of core oligosaccharides of ALOS and explored its anti-atherosclerotic efficacy. The LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis indicated a high structural diversity of core oligosaccharides in ALOS, comprising fourteen distinct oligosaccharide species with different degrees of phosphorylation. Functionally, administration of ALOS significantly attenuated hyperlipidemia and reduced atherosclerotic plaque burden in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice. The improvement of these metabolic symptoms was related to the restoration of intestinal barrier integrity. Mechanistically, ALOS upregulated the IL-23/IL-22 immune axis, which in turn promoted intestinal epithelial repair and modulates the microbiota. ALOS intervention reshaped the gut microbiota composition by enriching beneficial genera such as Bifidobacterium longum, Roseburia intestinalis, and Oscillibacter sp., while suppressing potential pathobionts. Our findings highlight the structural diversity and anti-atherosclerotic effect of lipooligosaccharides from A. muciniphila.

Background/Objectives: Persistent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms following oncologic treatment represent a major unmet need in survivorship care, often managed symptomatically without addressing underlying biological mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and biological correlates of an artificial intelligence (AI)-guided, personalized microbiome modulation strategy in oncology patients with chronic secondary GI dysfunction. Methods: We conducted a prospective, single-arm, open-label validation study including 29 adult female oncology patients with persistent GI symptoms lasting ≥3 months. Participants underwent baseline multidimensional assessment integrating shotgun metagenomic sequencing, inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers, and clinical symptom profiling. An AI-guided platform generated individualized dietary, supplement, and lifestyle recommendations. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after a 3-month intervention, focusing on intra-individual changes in stool frequency (primary endpoint), self-reported energy, microbiome composition, and metabolic biomarkers. Paired statistical analyses, correlation testing, and multivariable regression were performed. Results: After three months, stool frequency significantly decreased (4.69 ± 2.41 to 2.07 ± 1.19 episodes/day; p < 0.0001), accompanied by a marked increase in energy levels (4.00 ± 1.04 to 7.24 ± 1.12; p < 0.0001). Microbiome analysis revealed consistent enrichment of butyrate-producing and barrier-supportive taxa, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia intestinalis, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Bifidobacterium longum. Butyrate-related biomarkers and vitamin-associated parameters (B-complex, vitamin D) showed significant improvement, while lactate levels normalized. Changes in Bifidobacterium longum were independently associated with stool frequency reduction (β = -0.783, p = 0.0082). Conclusions: AI-guided personalized microbiome modulation was associated with significant clinical improvement and biologically coherent microbial and metabolic shifts in oncology patients with persistent GI symptoms. These findings support a precision supportive-care approach targeting microbiome restoration, warranting further validation in randomized controlled trials.

Deciphering the effects of plant oil diets in Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) using an integrated transcriptomic and metagenomic approach

Advocating gut-retina connection and microbiota mediated pathways in management of age-related macular degeneration: Preclinical to clinical perspective.

Bifidobacterium longum is a prevalent human gut symbiont whose carbohydrate metabolism is well characterized, whereas the quantitative contribution of amino acids to growth remains unclear. Here, we combined genome-based pathway analysis, growth phenotyping in chemically defined media, and iterative machine-learning-guided medium design to quantify amino acid preferences in B. longum subsp. longum JCM 1217T. Genome analysis predicted cysteine as the sole auxotrophy, and experiments confirmed that cysteine alone supported growth but did not restore the high maximum cell density and short lag time achieved with a complete amino acid mixture. Regression models and genetic algorithms identified amino acid formulations in the selected optimized compositions that reduced total amino acid input by 66.5% under glucose and 77.2% under lactose while maintaining growth comparable to complete medium. SHAP analysis highlighted tyrosine as the main determinant of maximum cell density, whereas glutamate, leucine, and valine consistently shortened lag time. These results show that amino acid requirements in B. longum extend beyond binary auxotrophy and provide a machine-learning framework for designing streamlined defined media.

Microbiome-gut-liver axis in chronic inflammation and cancer immunotherapy: Multi-omics Insights and a translational roadmap toward personalized medicine.

Influence of dietary supplementation with two distinct probiotic strains, Bifidobacterium longum R0175 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus JB-1, on seizure susceptibility and valproate response: Behavioral and biochemical studies in mice.

The impact of adverse childhood experiences on gut microbiota and markers of inflammation is mediated by obesity and depression.

Adjunctive Bifidobacterium longum SX-1326 improves the therapeutic efficacy of Acupotomy in post-stroke dysphagia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

A highly stable W/O emulsion stabilized by β-cyclodextrin-citrus pectin composite nanoparticles for probiotic encapsulation.