Cycle Ergometry Test Research Articles

Greater habitual moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with better executive function and higher prefrontal oxygenation in older adults.

International physical activity guidelines recommend that older adults accumulate 150min/week of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). It is unclear whether meeting this recommendation is associated with better higher-order cognitive functions and if so, what are the neurophysiological mechanisms responsible for such a relationship. We tested the hypothesis that meeting MVPA guidelines is associated with better executive function in older adults, and explored if greater increases in prefrontal cortex oxygenation are implicated. Older adults who did (active, n = 19; 251 ± 79min/week) or who did not (inactive, n = 16; 89 ± 33min/week) achieve activity guidelines were compared. Executive function was determined via a computerized Stroop task while changes in left prefrontal cortex oxygenation (ΔO2Hb) were measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Aerobic fitness ([Formula: see text] 2peak) was determined using a graded, maximal cycle ergometry test. MVPA and sedentary time were objectively assessed over 5days. Both groups had similar (both, P > 0.11) levels of aerobic fitness (24.9 ± 8.9 vs. 20.9 ± 5.6ml/kg/min) and sedentary time (529 ± 60 vs. 571 ± 90min/day). The active group had faster reaction times (1193 ± 230 vs. 1377 ± 239ms, P < 0.001) and greater increases in prefrontal cortex ΔO2Hb (9.4 ± 5.6 a.u vs. 5.8 ± 3.4 a.u, P = 0.04) during the most executively demanding Stroop condition than the Inactive group. Weekly MVPA was negatively correlated to executive function reaction times (r = - 0.37, P = 0.03) but positively correlated to the ΔO2Hb responses (r = 0.39. P = 0.02) during the executive task. In older adults, meeting MVPA guidelines is associated with better executive function and larger increases in cerebral oxygenation among older adults.

Wearing of Cloth or Disposable Surgical Face Masks has no Effect on Vigorous Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals.

Wearing face masks is recommended for the prevention of contracting or exposing others to cardiorespiratory infections, such as COVID-19. Controversy exists on whether wearing face masks during vigorous exercise affects performance. We used a randomized, counterbalanced cross-over design to evaluate the effects of wearing a surgical mask, a cloth mask, or no mask in 14 participants (7 men and 7 women; 28.2 ± 8.7 y) during a cycle ergometry test to exhaustion. Arterial oxygen saturation (pulse oximetry) and tissue oxygenation index (indicator of hemoglobin saturation/desaturation) at vastus lateralis (near-infrared spectroscopy) were assessed throughout the exercise tests. Wearing face masks had no effect on performance (time to exhaustion (mean ± SD): no mask 622 ± 141 s, surgical mask 657 ± 158 s, cloth mask 637 ± 153 s (p = 0.20); peak power: no mask 234 ± 56 W, surgical mask 241 ± 57 W, cloth mask 241 ± 51 W (p = 0.49)). When expressed relative to peak exercise performance, no differences were evident between wearing or not wearing a mask for arterial oxygen saturation, tissue oxygenation index, rating of perceived exertion, or heart rate at any time during the exercise tests. Wearing a face mask during vigorous exercise had no discernable detrimental effect on blood or muscle oxygenation, and exercise performance in young, healthy participants (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04557605).

High-Intensity Interval Training Is Effective at Increasing Exercise Endurance Capacity and Is Well Tolerated by Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

Background: To optimize outcomes in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), guidelines recommend 30 to 60 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on most days. Accumulating this volume of exercise contributes importantly to the substantial treatment burden associated with CF. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on exercise capacity in people with CF. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included people with CF aged ≥15 years, who were allocated to either eight weeks of thrice-weekly 10-min sessions of HIIT (experimental group) or eight weeks of weekly contact (control group). Before and after the intervention period, participants completed measurements of time to symptom limitation (Tlim) during a constant work rate cycle ergometry test (primary outcome), and maximal work rate (Wmax) during a ramp-based cycle ergometry test and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: Fourteen participants (median (IQR) age 31 (28, 35) years, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 61 (45, 80) % predicted) were included (seven in each group). Compared to the control group, participants in the experimental group demonstrated a greater magnitude of change in Tlim, Wmax (p = 0.017 for both) and in the physical function domain of HRQoL (p = 0.03). No other between-group differences were demonstrated. Mild post-exercise muscle soreness was reported on a single occasion by four participants. Overall, participants attended 93% of all HIIT sessions. Discussion: Eight weeks of low-volume (i.e., 30-min/week) HIIT produced gains in exercise capacity and self-reported physical function and was well tolerated by people with CF.

Does a brief functional assessment in the emergency department predict outcomes of patients admitted with heart failure? The FASTER-HF study

Evaluation of patients with acute decompensated heart failure includes symptom review, biomarker measurement and comorbidity assessment. Early objective evaluation of functional status is generally not performed. To investigate whether a simple low-impact functional assessment and measurement of sarcopenia would be safe, feasible and predictive of hospital length of stay and all-cause 30-day hospital readmission. We administered 3-minute bicycle ergometry and hand grip strength tests at admission and discharge to patients for whom a decision to admit for heart failure management was made in the emergency department. Associations were examined between test results and length of stay and 30-day readmission. Exclusion criteria included acute coronary syndrome, hypoxia, end-stage renal disease, dementia/delirium and inability to sit at bedside. The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12, the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and the visual analogue scale for dyspnoea were administered at admission, the visual analogue scale at discharge and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 at 30 days. Fifty patients were enrolled: 58% were female; the mean age was 66.2±12.5 years; 24% had heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Bicycle ergometry variables did not correlate with outcomes. Change in handgrip strength correlated with readmission, but not after adjustment (rpartial=0.14; P=0.35). Total diuretic dose correlated with length of stay; only discharge visual analogue scale and baseline lung disease had significant adjusted correlations with readmission. Functional assessment in the emergency department of patients admitted for heart failure did not predict outcomes. However, the prognostic value of these assessments for decision-making about disposition (admission or discharge) may still be warranted.

Multiple Sclerosis: Treadmill Versus Cycle Ergometry Maximal Exercise Test Responses

ABSTRACT Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that impacts the central nervous system. MS generally results in decreased mobility and work capacity. Our objective was to determine exercise testing responses on both a treadmill and cycle ergometer among individuals with MS who were able to ambulate freely. Methods: Twenty-six individuals with MS participated in a cross-sectional study (44 ± 11 years; body mass index 26.8 ± 6.2 kg·m−2; expanded disability scale score 3.1 ± 0.9), with 24 individuals with complete test data for both treadmill and cycle ergometry tests. Peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) for both treadmill and cycle ergometry tests were measured with indirect calorimetry. Results: Participants safely completed both treadmill and cycle ergometry tests, and treadmill testing yielded higher values (26.7 ± 6.4 mL·kg−1·min−1) compared with cycle ergometry (23.7 ± 5.7 mL·kg−1·min−1), with values ~12% greater for treadmill. When comparing tests to their respected predicted values within modality, treadmill tests were 8% lower and cycle ergometry tests were 10% lower than predicted. Conclusions: While peak aerobic capacity was very low for this population, treadmill tests were still higher than cycle ergometry data, with this difference between modes being similar to that observed in healthy adult populations. Additional research is required to determine if these findings are impacted by participation in physical activity or regular exercise.

Клініко-функціональні особливості післяінфарктного перебігу ішемічної хвороби серця на тлі кардіореабілітаційних заходів (із проведенням велотренувань у другій фазі реабілітації) при 3-річному спостереженні

Мета роботи – вивчити клініко-функціональні характеристики пацієнтів, які перенесли інфаркт міокарда (ІМ) та пройшли другий етап кардіореабілітації (КР) з фізичними тренуваннями (ФТ), при спостереженні протягом трьох років.Матеріали і методи. У дослідження залучили 91 пацієнта (чоловіки) з первинним ІМ із зубцем Q за відсутності протипоказань до КР. Лікування проводили відповідно до сучасних рекомендацій; при госпіталізації виконано ургентну коронароангіографію зі стентуванням інфарктзалежної коронарної артерії. Залежно від обсягу реабілітаційних заходів пацієнти були розподілені на дві групи: 1-шу групу становили 47 осіб, яким на ранньому післястаціонарному етапі були призначені ФТ на велоергометрі; 2-гу – 44 пацієнти, яким КР проводили лише у вигляді дистанційної ходьби та комплексів ЛФК. Усім пацієнтам при виписуванні зі стаціонару проведено тест з дозованим фізичним навантаженням на велоергометрі, ехокардіографію, дослідження показників ліпідного обміну. Повторні обстеження проведені в динаміці через 4 міс (термін, що відповідав завершенню програми 30 ФТ), через 1, 2 та 3 роки. Результати та обговорення. У вихідному стані пацієнти обох груп не відрізнялися за жодним із клініко-функціональних та анамнестичних показників. Про післяінфарктний перебіг судили за такими показниками: повторний ІМ, коронарне шунтування та стентування коронарних артерій. Кількість подій збільшувалася через 2 роки (7 пацієнтів у 1-й групі і 9 – у 2-й групі) та 3 роки (6 і 15 осіб відповідно). Протягом першого року всі пацієнти приймали блокатори Р2Y12-рецепторів, розувастатин та β-адреноблокатори, ацетилсаліцилову кислоту приймали по 95 % пацієнтів у кожній групі; зросла кількість пацієнтів, що отримували інгібітори ангіотензинперетворювального ферменту до 81 % в 1-й групі і до 91 % у 2-й групі. Зменшення доз статинів відбувалося у міру віддалення від ІМ, що призвело до підвищення рівня холестерину ліпопротеїнів низької щільності з роками. Цей показник становив через 4 міс 1,82 (1,39–2,20) ммоль/л у пацієнтів 1-ї групи та 1,83 (1,49–2,21) ммоль/л у пацієнтів 2-ї групи, через 1 рік – 1,79 (1,48–2,04) та 2,80 (2,33–3,21) ммоль/л, через 2 роки – 2,48 (2,12–2,98) та 2,34 (1,93–3,01) ммоль/л, через 3 роки – 2,29 (2,15–2,49) та 2,40 (2,26–2,61) ммоль/л відповідно. Толерантність до фізичного навантаження за показником порогової потужності при кращій гемодинамічній ефективності виконання роботи суттєво зросла у 1-й групі до 140,0 (125,0–150,0) Вт через 1 рік порівняно з показником у 2-й групі (p&lt;0,01). Протягом 3 років вона зберігалася високою в 1-й групі, а в 2-й групі знизилася до вихідних рівнів. Процеси післяінфарктного ремоделювання виявлялися зменшенням кінцеводіастолічного об’єму та зростанням фракції викиду особливо в 1-й групі (p&lt;0,01) через півроку без значної динаміки протягом 3 років. Висновки. Проведення КР із ФТ, що складалися із 30 сеансів, сприяло зростанню толерантності до фізичного навантаження максимально після закінчення тренувань і її збереженню протягом 3 років. Важливими були аспекти психологічної реабілітації та навчання пацієнтів (38 % пацієнтів 1-ї групи продовжили ФТ самостійно в домашніх умовах). Час початку тренувань (до 15-ї або після 40-ї доби ІМ) не вплинув на результати навантажувального тесту. Важливо, що велика частка пацієнтів продовжували приймати рекомендовані при виписуванні ліки, але вже через 1 рік дози препаратів були суттєво знижені при недостатньому контролі гемодинамічних та біохімічних показників, що призвело до зростання одного з головних чинників прогресування атеросклерозу – вмісту холестерину ліпопротеїнів низької щільності.

Assessment of Objectively Measured Physical Activity as an Independent Estimator of Functional Status in Clinical Trials.

Functional status of patients is an important concept in clinical trials. It subsumes functional capacity, which is traditionally estimated by exercise tests, and functional performance, which is often estimated by questionnaires. Objectively measured physical activity by means of wearables devices containing accelerometers (PA) have recently been proposed as a novel and advantageous way to estimate physical status including capacity and performance. There is nonetheless insufficient evidence of the association between PA and traditional ways to estimate functional status. In the ACTIVATE clinical trial, cycle ergometry tests were performed multiple times in all 267 patients, PA was measured for a week prior to each cycle ergometry test, and questionnaires were answered daily during the same week. Pearson's correlation tests and clustering analysis revealed that PA, physical activity experience as assessed by questionnaires, and exercise endurance time as measured by the cycle ergometry test, are largely independent. Therefore, all three approaches together might achieve a complete assessment of the functional status of patients in clinical trials, as they each independently correlate with health-related quality of life and important clinical outcomes such as hospitalizations but are weakly associated among themselves.

Impact of unhealthy lifestyle on cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery of medical science students

BackgroundMedical science students represent valuable labour resources for better future medicine and medical technology. However, little attention was given to the health and well-being of these early career medical science professionals. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of lifestyle components on cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery measured after moderate exercise in this population.MethodsVolunteers without documented medical condition were recruited randomly and continuously from the first-year medical science students during 2011–2014 at the University of Surrey, UK. Demographics and lifestyle components (the levels of smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, weekend outdoor activity and screen-time, daily sleep period, and self-assessment of fitness) were gathered through pre-exercise questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and heart rate recovery were determined using Åstrand–Rhyming submaximal cycle ergometry test. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25.ResultsAmong 614 volunteers, 124 had completed both lifestyle questionnaire and the fitness test and were included for this study. Within 124 participants (20.6 ± 4 years), 46.8% were male and 53.2% were female, 11.3% were overweight and 8.9% were underweight, 8.9% were current smokers and 33.1% consumed alcohol beyond the UK recommendation. There were 34.7% of participants admitted to have < 3 h/week of moderate physical activity assessed according to UK Government National Physical Activity Guidelines and physically not fit (feeling tiredness). Fitness test showed that VO2max distribution was inversely associated with heart rate recovery at 3 min and both values were significantly correlated with the levels of exercise, self-assessed fitness and BMI. Participants who had < 3 h/week exercise, or felt not fit or were overweight had significantly lower VO2max and heart rate recovery than their peers.ConclusionOne in three new medical science students were physically inactive along with compromised cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery, which put them at risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Promoting healthy lifestyle at the beginning of career is crucial in keeping medical science professionals healthy.

Reference Values for Chronotropic Index from 1280 Incremental Cycle Ergometry Tests.

Clinical cardiopulmonary exercise testing can determine causes of exercise limitation. The slope of heart rate (fC) versus oxygen uptake (V˙O2), which we call the chronotropic index (CI), can help identify cardiovascular impairment. We aimed to develop a reference equation for CI based on a large number of subjects considered to have normal exercise responses. From a database of 13,728 incremental cycle ergometry exercise tests, we identified 1280 normal tests based on the absence of a clinical diagnosis, normal body mass index, and normal aerobic performance plus absence of cardiovascular disease, medications, or ventilatory limitation. A linear mixed-model approach was used to analyze the relationship between CI and other variables. Subjects were age 18-84 yr, and 693 (54.1%) were men. Mean ± SD CI in men was lower than in women, 41.2 ± 9.3 beats per liter versus 63.4 ± 15.7 L. Age (in years), sex (0, male; 1, female), height (in centimeters), and weight (in kilograms) were significant predictors for CI:CIi = 106.9 + 0.16 × agei + 14.3 × sexi - 0.31 × heighti - 0.24 × weighti. The SE of estimates ranged from 10.6 to 11.2 L (median of 10.7 L). We report a reference equation for CI derived from normal subjects. The CI can be used in conjunction with V˙O2max to interpret maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests. We consider a high CI to be cardiovascular impairment and a low CI plus low V˙O2max to be chronotropic insufficiency.

Rehabilitation of athletes following cardiovascular events

The relevance of this study lies in the fact that cardiovascular mortality decreases in countries promoting active healthy lifestyles. The authors conducted experimental studies of the cardiovascular parameter prediction accuracy at the initial and final stages of the rehabilitation process. The experiments showed sufficient accuracy of the constructed models. In particular, the maximum relative error was 11% for the simulation of the tolerable physical activity duration and 5.5% for the simulation of the exercise tolerance. The novelty of the study is that experimental studies were performed to predict the accuracy of the patient’s condition at the final stage of the rehabilitation process by the assessment of exercise tolerance using bicycle ergometry test data only at the initial stage. The experiments showed sufficient accuracy of the constructed method. In particular, the maximum relative error of blood pressure simulation at the final stage of the rehabilitation period was 5%. The authors propose an approach to the implementation of exercise monitoring, according to which the observed pulse values are supplemented by simulated pressure values. Experimental studies of the accuracy of the proposed approach have shown its sufficient accuracy. In particular, the maximum relative error in blood pressure simulation was 8.6%.

Reference Standards for Ventilatory Threshold Measured With Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: The Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise: A National Database

Established reference standards for the ventilatory threshold (Vt) are lacking. The aim of this study was to develop reference standards for the Vt derived from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) using treadmill and cycle ergometry. Seven laboratories experienced in CPX administration with established quality control procedures contributed to the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise: A National Database (FRIEND) from April 2014 through February 2019. Vt data from 27 states in the United States and the Ontario Province in Canada, comprising 9,350 tests (treadmill: n= 1,195; cycle ergometer: n= 8,155) in men (n= 7,540) and women (n= 1,810) 20 to 79 years of age who were free from smoking and known cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, and/or neoplastic disease were used to develop the reference standards. Comparisons of Vt values were made between exercise testing modes, sex, and age groups. Vt values on the treadmill were higher than cycle ergometry; men had higher Vt values than women on both test modalities, and the highest Vt values achieved were in the 20- to 29-year-old age group compared with all other age groups (all P< .001). The rates of decline in Vt values from age groups 20 to 29 through 70 to 79 years of age were 23%and 35%in men and 47%and 30%in women for treadmill and cycle ergometry tests, respectively. In addition to previous reference standards from FRIEND for cardiorespiratory fitness, the Vt reference standards reported herein provide valuable information on functional metric. These data have important implications for CPX interpretation and aerobic exercise prescription in the clinical and fitness settings.

Ensemble Based Approach for Time Series Classification in Metabolomics.

Machine learning is one important application in the area of health informatics, however classification methods for longitudinal data are still rare. The aim of this work is to analyze and classify differences in metabolite time series data between groups of individuals regarding their athletic activity. We propose a new ensemble-based 2-tier approach to classify metabolite time series data. The first tier uses polynomial fitting to generate a class prediction for each metabolite. An induced classifier (k-nearest-neighbor or naïve bayes) combines the results to produce a final prediction. Metabolite levels of 47 individuals undergoing a cycle ergometry test were measured using mass spectrometry. In accordance with our previous work the statistical results indicate strong changes over time. We found only small but systematic differences between the groups. However, our proposed stacking approach obtained a mean accuracy of 78% using 10-fold cross-validation. Our proposed classification approach allows a considerable classification performance for time series data with small differences between the groups.

Половые аспекты реактивности проводящей системы сердца у подростков во время велоэргометрии в зависимости от типа организации электроэнцефалограммы

The aim of the study was to evaluate the dependence of the heart conduction system on the electroencephalogram (EEG) type during a bicycle ergometry test (BET) in adolescents 15-17 years. 89 boys and girls with autonomic dysfunction syndrome (ADS) and 28 healthy adolescents 15-17 years were examined. Stages of the study included the baseline EEG and electrocardiogram (ECG), BET, ECG after BET in rest period. Тhe most pronounced shortening of the ECG-intervals PQ, QT and QTc in the rest period after BET regarding to the baseline values, shortening of the PQ interval during the rest period after BET wеre revealed in girls with ADS and paroxysmal EEG phenomena. Shortening of the PQ ECG-interval at the end of the rest period after BET regarding to the baseline values were revealed in boys with ADS and diffuse EEG-changes, desynchronous alpha-rhythm EEG. There was no shortening of the QTс ECG-interval in the first minute of the rest period after BET regarding to the baseline values in boys with ADS and paroxysmal EEG phenomena. Вut at the same time increase of the QTс interval at the end of the rest period after BET were revealed in boys of the same group. It is concluded that adolescents with ADS, diffuse EEG-changes, paroxysmal EEG phenomena have a high risk of bioelectric heart disturbances during physical activity.

Влияние высокоинтенсивной интервальной тренировки на гипертрофию, силу и окислительные способности рабочих мышц спортсменов силовых видов спорта: поперечное исследование

Objective: the purpose of the study was to evaluate how high-intensity interval training affects strength, oxidative capacity and hypertrophy of working muscles in power sports athletes. Materials and methods: the study included 35 male power sports athletes (powerlifting), the average age was 30 ± 5,4 years. Metabolic exhaled gas analysis (determination of the anaerobic threshold and heart rate, maximum oxygen consumption and pedaling power at the maximum oxygen consumption, oxygen consumption at the anaerobic threshold and maximum oxygen consumption), ultrasonographic measurements of the anatomical cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris, the assessment of the maximum strength of the quadriceps femoris and methods of mathematical statistics were utilized. Athletes were subject to bicycle ergometry testing 3 times a week during 120 days according to the following protocol: 7 intervals with pedaling power of 100% of the maximum oxygen consumption for 2 min, and intervals with a heart rate of 85% of the anaerobic threshold for 2 min. Results: after 120 days of training, power athletes significantly increased the anaerobic threshold, power and oxygen consumption by 22,7 and 14,5%, respectively, as well as power and oxygen consumption at the level of maximum oxygen consumption by 18,5 and 13,6%, respectively. Regular high-intensity training on a bicycle ergometer causes muscle-specific hypertrophy, which leads to regional changes in the quadriceps femoris muscle and an increase in its strength by 6,5%. Conclusions: the aerobic workout training protocol that we developed allows athletes to effectively and safely increase the oxidizing capacities of active muscles, while not losing their main strength indicators.

Sex Differences in Aortic Hemodynamics Following Acute Exercise: Wave Separation Analysis.

The importance of sex differences in the control of blood pressure responses to exercise is controversial. It is unknown whether the potential sex differences are a result of magnitude differences in forward or reflected pressure waves. The purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in BP following acute exercise using wave separation analysis. Sixty-eight adults (36 females) participated in the study. Aerobic capacity was measured during a graded cycle ergometry test. Central pulse wave analysis was derived from the radial pulse using applanation tonometry and separated into forward and reflected pressure waves before, and 15 min and 30 min after maximum aerobic exercise. Both males and females exhibited significantly decreased brachial SBP (p<0.05) following acute exercise. However, only males exhibited a significant decrease in forward wave pressure (p<0.05). Reflected wave pressure was decreased following exercise in both sex (p<0.05) with no sex difference. Males and females differ in blood pressure control following maximal exercise. Results show that males rely on both central and peripheral hemodynamic modifications, whereas females mostly rely on peripheral modifications. The preferential peripheral adaptations in females may provide insight regarding mechanisms of blood pressure control and the disproportionate development of hypertension in young men compared to women.

Dynamics of Schoolchildren`s Spine Sagittal Curves, Parameters of Cardiovascular System and their Coherence

Objective. We aimed to investigate the peculiarities of cardiovascular system parameters and changes in spine sagittal curves with age in schoolchildren and also possible interrelation between parameters in those two systems. Material and methods. 124 schoolchildren (aged 7—18 years) were divided into three groups according to their age. For evaluation of cardiovascular system the bicycle ergometry test with modified Bruce protocol was performed and computerized functional test analysis system “Kaunas — Load” was used. Load, arterial blood pressure, ECG in 12 standard derivations were synchronously recorded at every step. Evaluation of spine sagittal plane was performed using flexible ruler-cirtometer. Angular values of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured. Results. Parameters of sagittal spine had few differences according to gender and age. Changes in sagittal plane curves with age were greater in boys than in girls. In the group of boys the expression of both sagittal curves had decreasing tendencies with age. Changes in girls’ sagittal curves were inconsistent with age. However, we found many significant differences in the parameters of cardiovascular system’s depending on gender and age. Different correlations between spinal sagittal curves and cardiovascular parameters according to gender and age could beassociated with different state in musculoskeletal system and development, different physical activity level and manyother factors, which vary among girls and boys and also changes with age. Conclusions. There was no significant difference of lumbar lordosis according to gender in all age groups. The thoracic kyphosis had significant different expression only among boys and girls in 7—10 years age group. We found significant difference of such cardiovascular system parameters as index of health, maximal power, pressure rate index, half recovery period of heart rate and change of double product according to gender. Thoracic kyphosis had more correlations with cardiovascular system parameters than lumbar lordosis. Blood pressure reactions had more correlations with spine sagittal curves in older girls and younger boys.Keywords: sagittal spine curves, cardiovascular system, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis.

Evaluation of the effect of taurine on the course of coronary artery disease associated with diabetes of the 2nd type, in patients undergoing coronary revascularization

The aimwas to study the effect of taurine in the complex therapy of patients with coronary artery disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) who underwent coronary revascularization.Material and methods. Examined 53 patients with coronary artery disease associated with type 2 diabetes, after undergoing endovascular revascularization of the myocardium, which were distributed in 2 groups. The 1st group included 30 patients who received, in addition to basic therapy, taurine at a dose of 500 mg 2 times a day. In group 2 (n = 23) – patients who received only basic therapy of ischemic heart disease and diabetes. Body mass index, waist and hip volume, as well as physical tolerance by means of Bicycle ergometry and 6-minute walk test were evaluated. Indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism wer e determined, insulin resistance index was calculated.Results. At the end of 16-week therapy, physical tolerance according toVEM in group 1 increased by 29.67% (p&lt;0.01), in group 2-by 9.14% (p&gt;0.05). The distance during the 6-minute walk test was significantly increased in both groups: by 34.37% and by 25.80%, respectively. Patients of group 1 had a significant decrease in BMI by 11.52%, postprandial glucose level by 19.38% (p = 0.018), insulin by 18.90%, glyca ted hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 13.21%, insulin resistance index by 17.65%, triglyceride by 14.14% (p&lt;0.05), low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 16.05% (p&lt;0.01).), aspartate aminotransferases and alanine aminotransferases – by 27.75% and 16.52%, respectively.Conclusion. Sup plement taurine standard therapy of coronary heart disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in patients who have undergone endovascular myocardial revascularization, has a positive effect on the performance of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, reduces body weight, improves physical performance.

Cardiopulmonary fitness assessment on maximal and submaximal exercise testing in patients with Fabry disease.

The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is a valuable tool to assess a patient's aerobic fitness and cardiac function, including the response to stress. There have been few studies using CPET to evaluate cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in patients with Fabry disease. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with Fabry disease from 2001 to 2016, compared to age, gender, and size-matched normal controls. A total of 18 patients were evaluated using the Bruce protocol (treadmill) and 11 patients were evaluated with the ramp protocol (cycle ergometer). The Fabry group demonstrated significantly lower heart rate at peak exercise (151.2 ± 22.5 vs. 178.6 ± 16.2, p < .05), max indexed VO2 (23.7 ± 7 vs. 33.9 ± 8.4, p < .05), and peak index oxygen pulse (12.1 ± 3 vs. 15.2 ± 4.2, p < .05). When the groups were further separated into treadmill or cycle ergometry testing only, there remained statistically significant differences in peak indexed oxygen pulse, heart rate at peak exercise, and max indexed VO2 . There was a statistically significant difference between the Fabry patients evaluated by treadmill testing for systolic blood pressure at peak exercise that was not seen in the cycle ergometry group. Additionally, when looking at the patients who had concurrent cardiac MRI (cMRI) with their CPET, there was a positive correlation with max indexed VO2 and right ventricular end-diastolic volume (r = .55, p = .007) and end-systolic volume (r = .59, p = .007). Patients with Fabry disease have impaired cardiopulmonary exercise capacity as measured by CPET. Additionally, in patients with Fabry disease there is a positive correlation with functional capacity and right ventricular volumes on cMRI.

The role of exercise testing in predicting successful ambulation with a lower extremity prosthesis: a systematic literature review and clinical practice guideline

BackgroundGrowing discontent with the k-level system for functional classification of patients with limb loss and movement of healthcare toward evidence-based practice has resulted in the need for alternative forms of functional classification and development of clinical practice guidelines to improve access to quality prosthetic interventions. The purpose of this project was to develop and present a clinical practice recommendation for exercise testing in prosthetic patient care based on the results and synthesis of a systematic literature review.MethodsDatabase searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane were conducted and articles reviewed. Of the potential 1386 articles 10 met the criteria for inclusion. These articles were assessed using the critical appraisal tool of the United Kingdom National Service Framework for Long-Term Conditions. Of the 10 included articles eight were of high, one of medium, and one of low, quality. Data from these articles were synthesized into 6 empirical evidence statements, all qualifying for research grade A. These statements were used to develop the proposed clinical practice guideline.ResultsWhile the results of this systematic review were not able to support the direct connection between cardiorespiratory performance and K-levels, the literature did support the ability of exercise testing results to predict successful prosthetic ambulation in some demographics. Both continuous maximum-intensity single lower extremity ergometer propelled by a sound limb and intermittent submaximal upper extremity ergometer protocols were found to be viable evaluation tools of cardiorespiratory fitness and function in the target population.ConclusionThe ability to sustain an exercise intensity of ≥50% of a predicted VO2max value in single leg cycle ergometry testing and achievement of a sustained workload of 30 W in upper extremity ergometry testing were found to be the strongest correlates to successful ambulation with a prosthesis. VO2 values were found to increase in amputee subjects following a 6-week exercise program. These synthesized results of the systematic literature review regarding exercise testing in patients with loss of a lower extremity were used to develop and a present a clinical treatment pathway.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and response to exercise treatment in depression.

Exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and reduces depressive symptoms in people with depression. It is unclear if changes in CRF are a predictor of the antidepressant effect of exercise in people with depression. To investigate whether an increase in CRF is a predictor of depression severity reduction after 12 weeks of exercise (trial registration: DRKS study ID, DRKS00008745). The present study includes participants who took part in vigorous (n = 33), moderate (n = 38) and light (n = 39) intensity exercise and had CRF information (as predicted maximal oxygen uptake, V̇O2max) collected before and after the intervention. Depression severity was measured with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). V̇O2max (L/min) was assessed with the Åstrand-Rhyming submaximal cycle ergometry test. The main analysis was conducted pooling all exercise intensity groups together. All exercise intensities improved V̇O2max in people with depression. Regardless of frequency and intensity of exercise, an increase in post-treatment V̇O2max was significantly associated with reduced depression severity at follow-up (B = -3.52, 95% CI -6.08 to -0.96); adjusting for intensity of exercise, age and body mass index made the association stronger (B = -3.89, 95% CI -6.53 to -1.26). Similarly, increased V̇O2max was associated with higher odds (odds ratio = 3.73, 95% CI 1.22-11.43) of exercise treatment response (≥50% reduction in MADRS score) at follow-up. Our data suggest that improvements in V̇O2max predict a greater reduction in depression severity among individuals who were clinically depressed. This finding indicates that improvements in V̇O2max may be a marker for the underpinning biological pathways for the antidepressant effect of exercise. None.