Berkeley Campus Research Articles

Ronald Reagan and Student Unrest in California, 1966-1970

Research Article| February 01 1996 Ronald Reagan and Student Unrest in California, 1966-1970 Gerard J. De Groot Gerard J. De Groot Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1996) 65 (1): 107–129. https://doi.org/10.2307/3640829 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Gerard J. De Groot; Ronald Reagan and Student Unrest in California, 1966-1970. Pacific Historical Review 1 February 1996; 65 (1): 107–129. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3640829 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1996 The Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Wendell Stanley's dream of a free-standing Biochemistry Department at the University of California, Berkeley.

Wendell Stanley's dream of a free-standing Biochemistry Department at the University of California, Berkeley.

Variability in Macroinvertebrate Rapid-Bioassessment Surveys and Habitat Assessments in a Northern California Stream

Variability of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Rapid-Bioassessment Protocol III was examined by comparing the results of benthic macroinvertebrate surveys and habitat assessments conducted by 14 student groups on each of three distinct 2nd-order reaches of Strawberry Creek, on the Berkeley campus of the University of California: a reach that was recently restored to improve water quality and aquatic habitat; an unrestored tributary, which receives occasional inputs of organic pollution; and an unmodified reference site upstream of the restored site. Impact was assessed by comparison with the reference site using three different impairment thresholds: 83% similarity; 65% similarity; and the interquartile range of the reference-site data. A randomized block analysis of variance showed that taxa richness, the Family Biotic Index (FBI),% Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera (EPT) abundance, EPT/Chironomidae abundance ratio, EPT/[Chironomidae+EPT],% contribution of dominant taxon, and% shre...

The Limits of Moral Protest and Participatory Democracy: The Vietnam Day Committee

On May 21, 1965, over ten thousand people gathered on the Berkeley campus of the University of California for Vietnam Day, a twenty-four-hour carnival of antiwar protest. This brilliantly provocative event, organized by the Vietnam Day Committee (VDC), a collection of students and professors disenchanted with liberal America and frightened by the the Southeast Asian conflict, stunned university authorities and undoubtedly caused concern in Washington, D.C. In the months that followed, however, VDC activists failed to build upon the triumph of May 21, and by its first anniversary the group was a spent force, torn by factionalism and respected only by the far right who profited in spreading paranoia.1 The VDC nevertheless deserves attention because its failure

Seismic Strengthening of University Hall, Berkeley, California

University Hall, on the Berkeley campus of the University of California is a seven-story plus basement reinforced concrete office building. It had been identified in the late 1970s as a building with poor potential seismic performance. Various strengthening options were evaluated and construction costs were estimated in 1988. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake caused only minor cracking in several non-structural partitions. Following the 1989 earthquake, the University provided fund for seismic retrofits projects, and University Hall was one project included in that program. A study was performed to determine schematic strengthening solutions. First was an interior scheme which added new interior reinforced concrete shear walls. The second scheme consisted of adding partitions of concrete pier or wall on each side of the windows to create an exterior facade of shear wall with regular openings. The third solution consisted of adding external steel diagonal bracing. The University selected the steel diagonal b...

A perceptual evaluation of computer-based landscape simulations

The perceptual effectiveness of four types of computer simulations that are becoming common in practice was investigated: (1) wire frame; (2) surface model; (3) combination of surface model images with scanned photographic images; (4) image processing. Using these simulation methods, a building/site construction project at the University of California at Berkeley campus was simulated. Respondents evaluated simulations as well as actual images of the postconstruction project site. Their responses were then statistically analyzed in terms of different image abstractions and respondent characteristics. Results indicate that image processing simulations were most effective in portraying reality, while wire frame simulations were least effective. Surface model simulations and combined simulations showed modest perceptual effectiveness, but no critical superiority was found between them. Regarding effects of respondent characteristics in perceiving landscape appearances shown in simulations, no significant effect of design education was found, while some effects of site familiarity and experience in computer simulations were observed.

Ernst Kantorowicz and the Sacralization of the Past

“Atthe beginning of this book,” Ernst Kantorowicz wrote in the preface toThe King's Two Bodies, “stands a conversation held twelve years ago with my friend Max Radin (then John H. Boalt Professor of Law, at Berkeley) in his tiny office in Boalt Hall, brimful floor to ceiling and door to window of books, papers, folders, notes—and life.”1The conversation the two men had that day centered on Kantorowicz's amusement at receiving a mailing from The Order of St Benedict, Inc. “To a scholar coming from the European Continent and not trained in the refinements of Anglo-American legal thinking,” Kantorowicz wrote, “nothing could have been more baffling than to find the abbreviationInc., customary with business and other corporations, attached to the venerable community founded by St. Benedict on the rock of Montecassino in the very year in which Justinian abolished the Platonic academy in Athens.” Kantorowicz thus traced the origins of his magnum opus to an amusing tale about a mailing from an American Benedictine abbey and a stimulating conversation between two scholars on the Berkeley campus. But what Kantorowicz accomplished with this opening—in part by reminding his reader of his European erudition—was to place his study in a realm very different from that occupied by his first immense volume of 1927,Kaiser Friedrich der Zweite.

Transfers of algal, microfossil, plant, and vertebrate materials to the University of California Museum of Paleontology

The university of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP), located on the Berkeley Campus, is a major repository of fossils and paleontological materials. The collection, one of the largest in the nation, originated in 1873 and has been added to continuously since then. In 1921, the Museum of Paleontology was officially initiated with an endowment though the generosity of Annie Alexander of Oakland, California (Grinnell, 1958). The UCMP collections are divided into four specimen collection management units and one collection of paleontological materials, such as rock, sediment, and amber samples, and various teaching collections. The specimen collection units are Fossil Prokaryotes and Protists, Fossil and Recent Invertebrates, Paleobotany and Palynology, and Vertebrate Paleontology. Each of these units has its own manager and each consists of hundreds of thousands of specimens or more and thousands of primary and secondary type specimens. The Museum is supported by the Annie Alexander Endowment and the University of California, Berkeley. It has a staff of 11, and a group of faculty curators, affiliate faculty curators from other University of California campuses, research associates, and associated graduate and undergraduate students. It is a general purpose research museum open to the scientific community and, although it does no formal instruction, it provides instructional exhibits and teaching collections at Berkeley and other campuses. It publishes Paleobios (ISSN 0031-0298), an occasional publication containing a variety of paleontological, peer-reviewed papers. UCMP is also involved in public and school activities at the Museum in Berkeley and at the University of California, Berkeley, Museum of Science, Art and Culture, at Blackhawk Plaza, Danville, California.

Strawberry creek on the University of California, Berkeley campus: A case history of urban stream restoration

Abstract1. Strawberry Creek (37°52′ N; 122°15′ W) is the major focus of open space on the University of California, Berkeley (Alameda County, California, USA) campus; it provides visual amenity and variety, riparian and wildlife habitat, and educational and recreational opportunities.2. Since the beginning of this century, urbanization of the catchment, channel alteration and water quality degradation combined to cause deterioration of the creek's habitat and overall environmental quality; this was manifested by a marked absence of flora and fauna, obvious water pollution and severe erosion.3. In 1987 a restoration project was undertaken that focused on water‐pollution and erosion‐control measures. In 1989, native three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were successfully reintroduced. Family Biotic Index scores for the macroinvertebrate community indicated a change from the ‘poor’ water quality conditions in 1986 to ‘good’ water quality in 1991.4. Environmental education programmes now involve over 1500 students who use the creek each year in laboratory exercises; a popular natural history and conservation walking‐tour guidebook has also been prepared.5. On‐going restoration efforts include additional reintroductions of other native species, further environmental education efforts and monitoring.6. Obstacles and key factors that led to the successful implementation of this project are presented to assist in implementing similar ecological restoration projects of urban streams.

Is Good Teaching Rewarded at Berkeley?

The Distinguished Teaching Award is given each year to five or six faculty members who have been nominated by the departments and se lected for this honor by the Senate Committee on Teaching. The award, based on guidelines and criteria for the competition, encourages and rewards excellence in teaching on the Berkeley campus. Each winner receives $3,000 and a gift from the Alumni Association. My interest focused on the fifty-seven faculty awardees in the years 1980-1989. In the first phase of my study, I inspect ed their personnel records, which are publicly accessible. I wanted to see if there was an objective correlation be tween the award and actual advance ment, such as promotion or merit in crease in salary. In the second phase, I solicited the personal observations and opinions of each of the award recipients. At the outset, I had the notion that perhaps the Distinguished Teaching Award was in effect, if not in design, more an exercise in public relations?to show students, their parents, legislators, and the general public that this institu tion is dedicated to good teaching? than a program actually to encourage better teaching. This simplistic hypothe sis was neither proved nor disproved by the results of this study. Instead, a much more complex and interesting set

The Early Music Debate: Ancients, Moderns, Postmoderns

This was the title of a symposium chaired by Joseph Kerman at the first Berkeley Festival and Exhibition: Music in History, presented in June 1990 by CAL Performances, the arts organization of the University of California, Berkeley, in collaboration with the Music Department and local musical organizations. The event took place in Zellerbach Playhouse on the Berkeley campus and was attended by about two hundred people; it consisted of statements from the panelists, Laurence Dreyfus, Joshua Kosman, John Rockwell, Ellen Rosand, Richard Taruskin, and Nicholas McGegan; a discussion among them, and questions from the floor. 113 Printed below is the prospectus that was circulated to all ahead of time, followed by the panelists' opening statements. The last two of these were not written out but delivered impromptu, and have been lightly edited from the recorded transcript. Highlights of the Festival were a Carmina burana program (Thomas Binkley), Monteverdi's Mass and Vespers of 1610 (Philip Brett), Jommelli's La schiava liberata (Alan Curtis), and Handel's La resurrezione (Nicholas McGegan-with Laurence Dreyfus playing the gamba part); some of these are referred to in the panelists' remarks.

The Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted: Volume V, The California Frontier, 1863-1865 (review)

274CIVIL WAR HISTORY a foothold in California. Thompson's belief that a "Confederate Manifest Destiny" could have ever become reality is tenuous at best. Nevertheless, this is a useful book for anyone interested in Confederate Brig. Gen. Henry Hopkins Sibley's New Mexico campaign. The actual text of the diary is only sixty-five pages, covering the period from April 1861 until July 1862, and many of Private Howell's entries only inform the reader how far the command went on any given day. Even the battle of Glorieta, where the Texans were buried in a mass grave, consists of a six sentence entry. Thompson has compensated for the lack of substance in the diary by using the first fifty-one pages to summarize the campaign and write a historiographical essay describing lesser-known works, including diaries, letters, memoirs, and newspapers that relate to it. Unfortunately , many of these tantalizing sources are unpublished and accessible only to the most diligent researcher. Still, this is a useful work and would be valuable to anyone with an interest in Sibley's New Mexico campaign. Anne J. Bailey Georgia Southern University The Papers ofFrederick Law Olmsted: Volume V, The California Frontier, 1863-1865. Edited by Victoria Post Ranney. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990. Pp. xxvi, 848. $48.50.) The fifth of twelve projected volumes in this fine series finds Olmsted in California, away from his New York home and his wartime work at the Sanitary Commission. In August 1863, Olmsted was offered the superintendency of the Mariposa estate gold mines in California and at such a salary that he thought his financial security would be permanently assured. The paradox of this volume of the Olmsted papers is that although a business interest took Olmsted out of the war effort, he nonetheless found the time to think and write most carefully about some of the great issues of the war. The correspondence and manuscript fragments in this volume show Olmsted writing about the relationship between three of the great social dramas of nineteenth-century America: immigration and urbanization; the frontier and the westward movement; and the struggle between slavery and freedom. Editor Victoria Post Ranney and her colleagues have produced a volume in which Olmsted's concern for the fate of American civilization outweighed his narrow pecuniary considerations. Specifically, Olmsted wrestled in the later years of the war with the following question: Could a democratic republic produce a form of civilization higher than that of a monarchy or slaveholding oligarchy, or was democracy destined to produce a mudsill society? In his earlier writings Olmsted faced this BOOK REVIEWS275 problem, but never so squarely as in the writings contained in Volume V. The contents of this volume show the range of Olmsted's wartime interests. In addition to correspondence about the workings of the gold mines at Mariposa, Olmsted undertook several landscape design projects in California, including a plan for the Berkeley campus of the University of California and a plan for opening public access to Yosemite Valley. He continued to correspond with New York friends at the Sanitary Commission and also maintained a lengthy correspondence with Calvert Vaux about Central Park affairs and about the design of Brooklyn's Prospect Park. Some of the most interesting correspondence is with E. L. Godkin, mainly about the launching of the Nation magazine, but also about Olmsted's interest in heading the Freedmen's Bureau. Editor Ranney and her associates saved the best item for last: heretofore unpublished manuscript fragments of a book Olmsted intended to write on the civilization question, "The Pioneer Condition and the Drift of Civilization in America," written mainly in 1865 when the Mariposa estate had gone bankrupt. The "Pioneering Condition" amounts to a sort of frontier thesis, but one that scarcely anticipated Turner. Quite to the contrary, Olmsted wrote in the New England tradition of seeing the frontier as a source of disorder, even barbarism. The violent racial and class antagonisms of Mariposa represented the worst of the frontier. His pre-war southern trips convinced him that slavery perpetuated the frontier stage of civilization , and Olmsted linked the violence of the mining frontier to the violence of the Old South...

Observatory seismology: an anniversary symposium on the occasion of the centennial of the University of California at Berkeley seismographic stations

The first effective seismographs were built between 1879 and 1890. In 1885, E. S. Holden, an astronomer and then president of the University of California, instigated the purchase of the best available instruments of the time 'to keep a register of all earthquake shocks in order to be able to control the positions of astronomical instruments'. These seismographs were installed two years later at Lick Observatory on Mt. Hamilton and at the Berkeley campus of the University. Over the years those stations have been upgraded and joined by other seismographic stations administered at Berkeley, to become the oldest continuously operating stations in the Western Hemisphere. The first hundred years of the Seismographic Stations of the University of California at Berkeley, years in which seismology has often assumed an unforeseen role in issues of societal and political importance, ended in 1987. To celebrate the centennial a distinguished group of fellows, staff, and friends of the Stations met on the Berkeley campus in May 1987. The papers they presented are gathered in this book, a distillation of the current state of the art in observatory seismology. Ranging through subjects of past, present, and future seismological interest, they provide a benchmark reference for years to come.

Edward W. Strong, 1901--1990

EDWARD W. STRONG, 1901--1990 Edward W. Strong, one .of the founders and leaders of the Journal of the HistoryofPhilosophy,passed away on January 13, 199o, after a long struggle with cancer. Born in Dallas, Oregon in 19~ 1, he was eighty-eight years old when he died. He did his undergraduate studies at Stanford, receiving his B.A. in 1925 . Then he went on to graduate studies at Columbia, where he received a master's degree in 1927 and a Ph.D. in 1937. He taught at City College in New York from 1927 to 1932, and then began his long career at the University of California , Berkeley, where he remained for the rest of his academic life. During World War II, he became laboratory manager of the university's Radiation Laboratory (now called the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory), which was part of the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb. After the war, Strong became a full professor in 1947, chairman of the Sociology Department from 1946 to 1952, Associate Dean of the College of Letters and Sciences from 1947 to 1955, a leader of the Academic Senate and its Educational Policy Committee, and Chancellor of the Berkeley campus from 1961 to 1965.This was a period of very rapid growth for the campus as well as its most troubled time. When the student rebellion--the Free Speech Movement--broke out, Strong tried valiantly but unsuccessfully to preserve those academic values he felt most challenged . As the conflict wore on, he ceased to have the full support of his superiors, the President of the Universityand the Board of Regents, who negotiated a resolution with the students, the effects of which are still being felt at Berkeley and elsewhere in the United States. Some feel that Strong's position in the struggle that transformed American universities has not been properly understood, and that his role has been portrayed unfairly to enhance that of his superiors. In any event, he resigned as Chancellor and became Professor Emeritus in 1967 . Strong developed his interest in the history of philosophy, history of science , and history of ideas at Columbia during its heyday as a center for such concerns, under the leadership of John Dewey and Frederick Woodbridge. He told me that he was also very much influenced by the historical interests of Morris Raphael Cohen, his senior colleague at City College. His dissertation, Proceduresand Methods,was, and still is, a basic study of the origin and development of modern science. (It was mentioned approvingly in an article by Ernst [9] 10 JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY 29:1 JANUARY 1991 Cassirer, in 194o). In contrast to E. A. Burtt, whose MetaphysicalFoundationsof ModernPhysicalSciencestressed the philosophical and theological concerns of the early scientists, Strong emphasized the practical engineering concerns that were involved at the time. This led him to studies of Kepler, Galileo, and Newton, as well as to the scientific views of medieval thinkers, and modern views in the philosophy of science. Philosophically he was a naturalist, continuing the Columbia tradition. He was also very interested in Bergson's views, especially as they related to modern scientific ideas. He was the inspirer and founder of the History of Science discussion group at Berkeley, which became an important forum for creative research in this area. Strong was President of the American Philosophical Association in 1959. Because of the limited attention and concern given to the history of philosophy in most of the then-existing philosophicaljournals in America, the American Philosophical Association in 1957 approved in principle the establishment of a journal devoted to the history of philosophy, and appointed a committee of six members--Paul Kristeller, Gregory Vlastos, Richard McKeon, Julius Weinberg, John Goheen, and Edward Strong--to explore "ways and means to this end." Since all American philosophical journals at that time were published in the East and Midwest, Strong and Goheen were encouraged to try to establish the journal in the West. Strong has detailed the efforts to do this in his article, "The Founding of theJournal oftheHistoryofPhilosophy,"Journalof theHistoryofPhilosophy~5 (1987): 179-83. I first met Ed Strong at Trinity College, Dublin, in the summer of 1953, when I was a...

Technological Education—Technological Style ed. by Melvin Kranzberg

158 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Technological Education—Technological Style. Edited by Melvin Kranzberg . San Francisco: San Francisco Press, 1986. Pp. vii + 104; ref­ erences. $10.00 (paper). This slim volume consists of twelve concise essays on the develop­ ment of technical education, primarily in Western Europe and the United States, from the late 18th to the early 20th centuries. As Melvin Kranzberg notes in his introduction, a common message delivered by the authors is that the direction of technological development in the countries discussed was influenced by the form of their respective institutionalizations of technical education, even as the latter were shaped by prevailing social and cultural values and interests. Four of the essays deal with themes in German technical education, three with French, two with American (U.S.), and one each with Brit­ ish, Indian, and Romanian. Eberhard Wachtler, Wolfgang Weber, and Hans-Joachim Braun give a very useful description of the initiation of technical education in the German states, beginning in the 18th century and continuing through the foundation of the Gewerbeschule and the Technische Hochschule. Wolfgang Konig adds a comple­ mentary discussion of the professionalization of German engineers with the emergence of industrial and state-funded research centers. Jan Sebestik and Alexandre Herlea describe the French commit­ ment to technician education through the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers and the role of the Conservatoire in the creation of French industrial research laboratories. Robert Fox discusses the cli­ mate for technical innovation in France at the turn of this century. Kranzberg and Arthur Donovan deal with the evolution of the American engineering curriculum in the course of the 19th century, and Angus Buchanan describes the issue for the British of whether the technical could be the subject of an education, properly speaking, or merely of training. S. N. Sen describes the slow emergence of engineering colleges in India out of narrow technical training pro­ grams established to serve the needs of the Raj, and Stefan Balan very briefly surveys the history of Romanian technical education. These essays constituted an ICOHTEC Symposium on Technical Education that was part of the program at the 17th International Congress of History of Science held at the Berkeley campus of the University of California in 1985. In spite of their brevity, or perhaps because of it, this is a provocative collection, recalling important foun­ dational issues in technology-society interactions and the need for further reading to build on these aperçus. The cross-national com­ parisons of Germany, France, Britain, and the United States are par­ ticularly suggestive. On the face of it, these four countries institutionalized technical education in quite distinctive ways, and yet it is not at all clear that in the end it made any difference. That is, in all of these, as in Russia and in Eastern Europe, the distinction between engineer and technician on the one side and between engineer and TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 159 scientist on the other, as well as the incorporation of the engineer into industrial and governmental entities which subordinate technical ex­ pertise to their own agendas, are pretty much the same. If correct, what dynamic is effecting this convergence and how does it bear on the autonomy of technology vis-à-vis its local institutionalization? Steven L. Goldman Dr. Goldman is Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the Humanities and director of the Science, Technology and Society Program at Lehigh University. He teaches and does research in the history, philosophy, and social relations of science and technology. Educationfor the Industrial World: The Écoles d’Arts et Metiers and the Rise ofFrench Industrial Engineering. By Charles R. Day. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987. Pp. ix + 293; tables, notes, bibliography, index. $30.00. The misleading reference to “industrial engineering” in the subtitle can be forgiven, since Education for the Industrial World is a valuable book, both for the subject it treats and the issues it raises. Current wisdom on French industry and engineering in the 19th century as­ serts that France had a relatively immobile society and its engineers were impractical people saturated with theoretical learning and higher mathematics more useful as a social cachet than applicable to the problems of...

Reorganization of biology departments on Berkeley campus

Reorganization of biology departments on Berkeley campus

I.L. Chaikoff, biochemical physiologist, and his students.

/. L. CHAIKOFF, BIOCHEMICAL PHYSIOLOGIST, AND HIS STUDENTS LESLIE L. BENNETT* And some there be, which have no memorial; Who are perished as though they had not been, And are become as though they had not been born: With their seed1 shall remain continually a good inheritance.—Apocrypha: Ecclus. 44 Dr. I. L. Chaikoff came to the University of California in 1930 as an instructor in the Department of Physiology of the School of Medicine, which at that time was geographically located on the Berkeley campus. He continued on the Berkeley faculty after the return of the Medical School Department of Physiology to the San Francisco campus in 1958. He died in Berkeley inJanuary 1966, the victim of chronic and progressively severe bronchial asthma, approximately 5 months before his sixtyfourth birthday. His 35V2-year career was unusual for most University of California professors during those years in that he was research mentor for a very large number of graduate students, of whom 64 received the Ph.D. degree. Some of these are now deceased, but among the survivors are professors emeriti plus many individuals still active in the sciences in both universities and the National Institutes of Health as well as industry and other research organizations. It is impossible to reconstruct with accuracy the precise number of students who were recipients of Master's AU quotations other than those from cited references are from letters or tape-recorded interviews in the UCSF archives, among which are the author's personal letters from or interviews with 37 of Chaikoff's former students. The author is particularly indebted to Samuel Abraham, James Felts, Francis Greenspan, Philip Hirsch, Alvin Taurog, and Jan Wolff, who read all or sections of this manuscript at various stages in its preparation. *Professor of Physiology Emeritus and Vice Chancellor Emeritus, University of California , San Francisco. Address: 959 Peralta Avenue, Albany, California 94706. 111He told me that even though he never had any children of his own, he felt that all of his students were his children and that his life was full because of them."—Taken from a letter to the author.© 1987 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 003 1-5982/87/3003-0529$0 1 .00 362 I Leslie L. Bennett ¦ I. L. Chaikoff degrees, who dropped out of graduate work, or who transferred to other fields, or the total number, probably over 50, of postdoctoral students from throughout the world. The results of research carried out by Chaikoff and his students and collaborators were published in approximately 550 papers, of which, after 1937, he very rarely was senior author . Even casual reviews of the above papers reveal an enormous diversity of research topics. In some instances, extending over a period of decades , many papers related to a common theme. An example is to be found in the papers beginning in 1933 and continuing even after his death that dealt with one aspect or another of the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes mellitus, a topic which had been his concern as a graduate student at the University of Toronto. Many of the most significant of these papers involved using radioactive isotopes of phosphorus and carbon. The latter isotope was essential to another series of papers on steroid metabolism that began in 1948 and continued throughout his career. The third long series of papers tied by a common theme began in 1941 and continued until 1968, 2 years after his death. During this period, his laboratory was using radioactive iodine as a tool to investigate problems of iodine metabolism and thyroid function as well as structure. Beginning in 1933, the year of his first publications not dependent on work done at the University of Toronto, he was senior author or coauthor of a large number of papers unrelated, or at best tangentially related, to any continuing field of research. Usually these papers reflected the interests and/or abilities of one of his students or a fellow faculty member of the University of California or Stanford. The year of 1933 furnishes typical examples of these, with a paper by Chaikoff and Robinson reporting the influence of high- and low-fat diets on the quality of the fat formed...

The Persistence of Political Attitudes Among 1960s Civil Rights Activists

The Persistence of Political Attitudes Among 1960s Civil Rights Activists

The Surface Muon Beam

Long ago, shortly before World War II, when I was but 13 years of age, I was excited by an article in Popular Mechanics magazine that described Ernest O. Lawrence's project to construct the world's greatest atom smasher, a 184-inch cyclotron, on a hill overlooking the Berkeley campus of the University of California. From that point on, my career goal was to become a physicist. While the 184-inch-cyclotron project has always symbolized to me the beauty and excitement of unlocking the mysteries of nature, I never suspected, even for many years into my career as a high-energy and cosmic-ray physicist, that I would have a rendezvous with destiny involving the 184-inch cyclotron: using it in its waning years to make my most significant contribution to the progress of science.

A MELUS Interview: Adrienne Kennedy

I had wanted to meet Adrienne Kennedy for some time, ever since I had taught two of her dramas in a seminar on Poetry and Drama at the University of Erlangen. During a recent stay in California I mentioned this wish to a friend and colleague of mine, Dr. Erskine Peters of the Afro-American Studies Department at the University of California at Berkeley. To my surprise Dr. Peters instantly suggested such a meeting. Ms. Kennedy, a close friend of his, was at that time teaching creative writing at Davis. We met on the Berkeley campus. I taped the interview and transcribed it, and it was consequently amended by Ms. Kennedy. The author struck me as a highly sensitive, nervous, intelligent, charming, if meticulous lady, very demanding of herself and of others. She talked with great warmth about her children, whom she could not see as often as she would have liked to. Evidently, the writer's need and the concomitant difficulty to again produce works of stature after several years of literary silence surfaced in our conversation as it does in the interview. Kennedy's writing, especially the three short dramas that are in print, Funnyhouse of a Negro, The Owl Answers and A Beast Story (the last two titles were juxtaposed in Cities in Bezique) are as fresh, as disquieting and as powerful as ever. These works are triumphs, both technically and psychologically, and merit the continued attention of scholars, readers, and theatre people interested in Black quality writing. As the following interview reveals, these dramas are to some degree exorcizing personal and collective racial traumas and have anger, the urge to communicate and (attempted) liberation as motivating forces. Couched in expressionistic techniques and in the surreal, they show a fragmentization of the psyche and present people, women in particular, who are hopelessly trapped in repressive families and a racist dominant culture, trapped in their blackness (or a bastardly yellowness), trapped in torturing alienation, self-hatred, guilt and an unfulfilled yearning for love. The interview is, among other things, a document on American theatre history. It is not by chance that the names of Tennessee Williams, Edward Albee, Ed Bullins, Amiri Baraka, Lorraine Hansberry, Michael Kahn, Joseph Papp and