Berger's Theory Research Articles

Rhetorical strategies in Chinese and English talk show humor: a comparative analysis.

Humor is a kind of cognitive psychology activity, and it is diverse among individuals. One of the main characteristics of talk shows is to produce humorous discourse to make the audience laugh; however, rare studies have made a deeper comparative investigation on the rhetorical strategies in different language humorous utterances. Therefore, the current study adopted a mixed method of sequential explanatory design to identify the types of rhetorical strategies in the monolog verbal humor of Chinese and English talk shows, examine their similarities and differences. Two hundred monolog samples from 2016 to 2022, which consisted of 100 monologs of Chinese talk shows (CTS) and 100 monologs of English talk shows (ETS), were downloaded from the internet as language corpus. Berger's theory was adopted to identify the types of rhetorical strategies. Based on the obtained findings, this study found that both language talk show hosts use a variety type of rhetorical strategies to produce humorous discourse. The comparison of similarities and differences revealed that the most frequently used rhetorical strategies in both talk shows were almost similar (e.g., satire, exaggeration, facetiousness, and ridicule), but the percentage of usage of these various rhetorical strategies in both talk shows was slightly different. Interestingly, misunderstanding occurred 20 times in CTS but was not found in ETS. Meanwhile, simile and personification were used more often in ETS. Conclusively, this study contributes valuable insights on the use of different types of rhetorical strategies to create verbal humor in different language contexts.

PERILAKU PEZIARAH PADA MAKAM SYEKH YUSUF DI KABUPATEN GOWA

This study aims to (i) analyse more deeply the causes of the motivation of pilgrims to visit the Sepulchre of Sheikh Yusuf and (ii) analyse and explain further the shape and behavior of Pilgrims of the Sepulation of Shah Yusuf in Gowa district. The type of research is descriptive by using qualitative approaches with methods of phenomenological analysis, as well as using primary and secondary data. Data analysis techniques include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, conclusion withdrawal and verification. The results of this study show that: (i) Pilgrims may see a visit to the tomb of Sheikh Joseph as an opportunity to purify the soul, improve the quality of life, and spiritual growth. The concept of a baraka or blessing of a sanctuary, as well as love and seeking spiritual enlightenment and obtaining bliss from religious figures. Visiting the Sepulchre of Sheikh Yusuf is also part of the religious identity of individuals and groups. The interaction with the symbols, rituals, and experiences in the tombs reinforces the religious identity of the pilgrims. (ii) The diversity of the forms of pilgrimage performed by pilgrims, as well as reflecting the complexity of relations between religious and cultural values in their religious practice, giving offerings, or following certain ceremonies, as an expression of spiritual need and adherence to religious teachings or social traditions. Emphasis on Peter L. Berger's Theory of Social Construction The ritual of pilgrimage to the tombs of Sheikh Yusuf as a form of externalization, plays a role in preserving and communicating the meaning of religion, as well as building and strengthening the religious identity of individuals and groups.

Teknik Humor Bahasa pada Pertunjukan Konto GRUP KOMEDIAN東京03 (TOKYO ZERO SAN)

Understanding Japanese humor culture is closely related to understanding Japanese communication culture in order to facilitate the communication process in the era of globalization. In this research, the researcher examines further the humor techniques used in the konto performance of the comedian group 東京03 (Tokyo Zero San) based on Berger's theory of humor techniques in order to understand the humor techniques generally used by Japanese society. In this research, the most data falls into the classification of humor techniques, language indicators of exaggeration and repartee, with 5 data each being obtained, Classification of humor language techniques: allusion, insults, and misunderstanding, each with 3 data, classification of humor techniques: bombast, definition, facetiousness, infantilism, over literalness, puns, and satire with 2 data. And classification of humor techniques, irony, ridicule and sarcasm, each of which only obtained 1 data.

Optimizing Cloud-Fog-Edge Job Scheduling Using Catastrophic Genetic Algorithm and Block Chain-Based Trust: A Collaborative Approach

Collaborative edge-cloud features improve job scheduling. Cloud job scheduling is crucial. Pending delay completion. A cloud-edge mixed system replaced centralized cloud computing. Combining resource levels reduces terminal user service call latency. Decentralization, regionalization, and node dispersal autonomy increase ambiguity, unreliability, and instability. This paper will plan cloud-migrating tasks on edge devices or the cloud to achieve a global optimum. The objective of this research is to enhance the efficiency of job scheduling in cloud-fog edge environments through the integration of the Catastrophic Genetic Algorithm (CGA), a genetic algorithm inspired by natural evolution. Additionally, Berger's theory will be employed to develop a trust-enabled interaction framework based on blockchain technology. The CGA fitness function incorporates load balancing and reasonability in the coordination of services and scheduling of tasks, with the goal of maximizing performance. This article presents proposed improvements to the CGA, which involve the incorporation of mutation and crossover operators, roulette selection, and cataclysm. These changes aim to expand the search area and potentially discover schedules that are more optimal. The approach also effectively deals with the problem of premature convergence, guaranteeing ample time for the algorithm to comprehensively explore the solution space prior to reaching a final solution. The experimental findings indicate that the strategy put forward in this study yields a substantial reduction in task completion time, surpassing 97%. Furthermore, it effectively addresses the best local problem, hence showcasing competing options.

Konstruksi Sosial Masyarakat Dusun Pancer Terhadap Kawasan Konservasi Pantai Cemara Sebagai Bentuk Mitigasi Bencana

The tsunami disaster that hit Pancer hamlet in 1994 created dark memories for the community. The people of Pancer hamlet seem to have forgotten about the historical traces of this devastating natural disaster. Awareness of disaster mitigation in society is increasingly fading. This made various parties concerned about the possibility of future disasters so that a conservation area was created as a preventive measure. This research is an ethnographic research with a qualitative research approach. Informants were determined by purposive sampling or directly selected by the researcher. Furthermore, in data collection techniques, researchers used three data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The researcher uses Peter L. Berger's theory of social construction as an analytical tool. The results of the study explained that there were concrete actions by conserving pine trees on the shoreline which were carried out by KUB Sekar Arum in disaster mitigation efforts. The institution always tries to make the surrounding community aware, provide examples, and socialize related to disaster mitigation efforts through pine tree conservation. The occurrence of externalization, objectivation, and internalization actions shows the formation of social construction in the community related to disaster mitigation efforts through conservation areas which are embodied in the KUB Sekar Arum.

KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL KEKERASAN SEKSUAL PADA ANAK DI PONDOK PESANTREN MANARUL HUDA KOTA BANDUNG

Children are people who are very vulnerable to sexual violence. Sexual harassment can occur anywhere, including in institutions with strong religious foundations that uphold high moral standards. This study intends to examine how sexual violence against children is socially constructed at the Manarul Huda Islamic Boarding School, Bandung. To understand the social construction of sexual violence against minors in Islamic boarding schools, this study uses a qualitative methodology and case study techniques. The analytical tool used is Peter L. Berger's theory of Social Construction. As a result of research, this can be explained through 3 (three) stages, namely externalization where in this stage the child victim's understanding is limited to the basic concept of sexual violence, secondly the objectification of the meaning of the concept of sexual violence which is then understood by the child to feel confused and afraid of the perpetrator's actions accept. Third, internalization of what actions need to be taken when sexual violence occurs, during the 2016-2021 period sexual violence took place, from family abuse and child confessions, family victims who reported it to the police.

Analysis of Berger nonlinear elastic static plate bending of rectangular plates

This paper deals with a nonlinear static plate model based on Berger theory, which is a specific case of a generalization of the Woinowsky-Krieger mathematical model of beam bending. It is considered a plate bending with forces acting in the middle plane of the plate and a contact problem with an elastic foundation, where the normal compliance condition is employed. A variational equation of the problem and a functional of the total potential energy corresponding to the variational equation are derived. Under additional assumptions on the data (e.g., clamped plate), the existence and uniqueness of the solution are proved. A numerical solution is based on the Galerkin method and Courant approximation. The theory is illustrated by a numerical example.

Otoritas Keagamaan Kiai Kampung dan Peran Media Sosial di Jawa Timur: Kasus Ngawi, Magetan, dan Madiun

The Kiai Kampung Authority is still the main reference for suburban communities in dealing with socio-religious problems because it is considered to have moral superiority, exemplary in solving community problems. Therefore, this piece of writing will show that their role is not displaced by social media. The paper applies the principles of field studies with a phenomenological approach carried out in several suburban areas in East Java: Ngawi, Magetan, and Madiun. Peter L. Berger's theory of social construction in this paper is used to find the authority of the village kyai in constructing local Islam. People tend to seek information through social media, but regarding religious science, Kiai in their environment is still the main reference. In everyday life, villagers use social media to access various information, but not as the only reference. The existence of social media has a significant influence on people's life patterns but does not have much impact on the pattern of religious attitudes. Social media for Kiai can indeed provide benefits to get the development of the outside world.

Construction of the Radicalism Meaning in Society

This research discusses the construction of the radicalism meaning in the people of Gampong Bueng Bakjok, Aceh Besar district. This study aims to reveal the perspective of the Gampong Bueng Bakjok Community regarding the meaning of radicalism and the link between the understanding of radicalism in society. Using qualitative research methods, where researchers directly observe the people being studied and try to analyze objective and subjective experiences. The key informants in this study were the people of Gampong Bueng Bakjok. because they are considered representative and have the capacity to answer problems. While the supporting informants were community leaders in Gampong Bueng Bakjok, who immediately became role models for the community. Analysis of the data was carried out using Peter L. Berger's theory of social construction which looks at three main factors of construction; externalization, objectivation and internalization. The results of this study reveal that the understanding of radicalism in society is divided into 4 parts, radicalism has the meaning of creating chaos and violence; thinks himself most righteous; critical and hard in preaching; rude in social interaction and prejudice with other than the group or class. The article recommends that community leaders and community observers use the results of this research to prevent the dangers and misunderstandings of the construction of the meaning of radicalism, especially for the community. Keywords: Construction, Radicalism, Society

Internalization of Local Traditional Values in A Plurality Community: Interreligious Relations in Sawangan, Magelang

The Sawangan community is one of the references in building harmony between religious people. Local Traditions have made it a symbol of community identity as well as a unifying relationship between religions. This article will explain the local traditional values ​​of the Sawangan community. The research method was carried out by in-depth interviews. Peter L. Berger's theory becomes an analytical tool in finding the process of internalizing local traditions in a plural society. The object of the research was carried out at the Sawangan Magelang location. The research finding is that the diversity of the community can inspire because, from upstream to downstream, there are synergies in building communities through local traditions. Friction between communities can be addressed quickly and responsively. People get comfort in carrying out activities through various cultural arts activities. Various religious backgrounds are united in the frame of local traditions as well as become the glue between the people. Local traditions internalize in society to create a peaceful society that is tolerant of all religions and beliefs. The spirit of togetherness fosters empathy and sympathy to complement each other in their work so that local traditional values ​​have internalized the Sawangan community.
 

Cultural Discourse in Indonesian Humor: A Case Study of Some Short Dialogues

This study aims to describe cultural discourse in Indonesian humor. Cultural discourse is the relationship between the meaning of a dialogue context and the cultural context of the listener or recipient of humor. Indonesia is a nation that has a distinctive humor and rhetorical style. Rhetoric style like this is one type of stylistic aspect in communication. The purpose of this research is formulated to 1) to show cultural discourse of humor in dialogues and it category, and 2) to describe the respondent's perception of humor in dialogue as a means of entertainment. The data of this research are humorous discourses in the form of dialogues which are very often found in social interactions and social media. Data analysis was carried out by using Berger's theory of humor. This theory divides humor into categories based on the dialogues in humor. The results showed that the humor category was divided into language category 14 (56%) following logic category 8 (32%), and identity category 3 (12%). Of respondents' perceptions, very funny was at 55.6%, followed by funny 33.3%, and quite funny only reached 11.1%. This perception is closely related to the respondent's cultural conception. The implication of this research shows that humorous discourse has a rhetorical structure and pattern of expression so as to create a sense of humor that is entertaining for readers and listeners.

The Economics of Salafi Feminism: Portrait of Social Construction and Entrepreneurship of Salafi Women in Lampung Indonesia

This study intends to reveal the economy of Salafi feminism, social construction, and entrepreneurship of Salafi women in the cities of Metro, Central Lampung, and East Lampung. Salafi women are a cultural variant of Muslim society that claims to be puritanical on ideology. They embrace Islam using syar'i mean and are strongly committed to realizing noble and religious goals. In these complex rules of life, they follow the Prophet's sunnah, namely trading. In terms of the association of Salafi women in public, it does not prevent them from carrying out entrepreneurial movements. The Salafi women's movement in trade is interesting to study. This study uses a phenomenological approach using Berger's theory, namely the social construction of reality. This research reveals that apart from women who are Salafi qanaah for every provision of their husbands, they also carry out economic activities. In these activities, they continue to practice every religious norm, recommended by scholars as salaf ash Salih, and prioritize permission from husbands and parents.

KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL MASYARAKAT TERHADAP ALIRAN TAREKAT NAQSYABANDIYAH DALAM MENYIKAPI PERBEDAAN

Indonesia is one of the countries whose people will believe in God's existence. Indonesian society adheres to various religions, according to what has been recognized by the state, namely 6 religions. Of course there is diversity in one religion. One of them is Islam, in which there are various sects. The Naqsabandiyah Order itself is a sect which is regulated by its adherents as part of Islam, although sometimes it is still a hope in society. These various teachings of Islamic teachings in it may be a pro-contra factor in society. Of course, various speculations about this school will affect its interactions with the surrounding community and views of the community. The research method used is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Data sourced from interviews and literature review. The research objective here is to analyze and analyze the social construction of the people who know the existence of the Naqsabandiyah Order. The theory used is Peter L. Berger's theory of construction. This theory is used to understand how a certain reality is, so it is suitable for analyzing the phenomenon. The result of this research is that the people in Beduri Village tend to emerge because the sect is deviant because of several teachings and behavior on the road. Society still tends to remain related to the adherents of this sect.

Religious Certainty as Social Capital

Background Recent scholarship on the social embeddedness of religion indicate that religious choices are often best explained through social ties, and religious belief and practice is influenced by congregational embeddedness. Berger's theory of secularization argued that plausibility structures were maintained by interactions with others with the same worldview, and that outgroup ties can reduce one's certainty in religion and be detrimental to the religious group. Taken together these approaches suggest that religious certainty functions like Coleman's conceptualization of social capital. Purpose The purpose of this present study is to begin to conceptualize religious certainty as a form of social capital: something that inheres in social relationships and serves as a resource for future religious action of the individual; as well as potentially serving a resource for congregations. Methods Using the Baylor Religion Study 2005 data I operationalize religious certainty as the certainty in the belief of the existence of God, and then perform logistic regression on certainty in God's existence using social ties variables. Then I operationalize religious participation as attendance and run a multiple regression on attendance using certainty in the belief of God as an independent variable. Results The findings from the logistic regression on certainty indicate support for the hypotheses concerning social ties and certainty. The study finds that family religiosity and the number of friends one has who attend the same congregation the higher odds of certainty; whereas and the number of non-religious friends one has decreases the odds of certainty in the existence of God. The multiple regression on attendance suggests that religious certainty, net of all other variables, has a strong positive influence on attendance. Conclusions and Implications The results offer preliminary support for the argument: religious certainty does in fact appear to be a form of social capital since it inheres in social relationships and serves as a resource for individual action. This has important implications for congregations as those with higher stocks of social capital will have greater resources for religious action. It also offers some empirical support for the microfoundations of Berger's theory of secularization.

TRADISI MENJAGA KESUCIAN PAKAIAN SHALAT: ETOS KEAGAMAAN DALAM KULTUR LIVING HADIS

This study examines the Tradition of Maintaining the Sanctity of Prayer Clothing This type of research is field research that uses a descriptive method of analysis, namely presenting data in accordance with the results of research obtained from research subjects in the field. Information and data obtained by jumping directly into the field in accordance with the subject of this research. its working instruments combine literature studies and field studies. This research also wants to see the Hadith that lives and responded by the popular community with the term Living Hadith. The reviewer did it to several students of UIN Sunan Kalijaga. The main focus of research is on the tradition of students in maintaining the sanctity of prayer clothes. This research involves sociological studies by borrowing Peter L. Berger's theory of social construction, namely internalization, externalization and objectivation.

Dowry Trends in the Digital Age (Sociology of Law Review of the Use of Digital Dowry in the Cyber World Community )

In the digital era, the reality of the real world gets a challenge from cyberspace. Everything that can be done in the real world can also be done in cyberspace. The economic potential does not only exist in the real world, even in cyberspace, it is much more promising. The trend in the implementation of marriage today is to use the economic potential in cyberspace as a marriage dowry, for example, bit coins, gopay balances, google adsense and unlimited hosting that the couple recently used as their marriage dowry. This paper intends to examine the new trends in the digital age community in terms of marriage dowries, how this new trend is formed and what the normative response looks like. How this trend in the cyber community emerges is studied using Michael Heim's theory of virtual reality and Peter L. Berger's theory of the dialectic of social reality formation. Based on the theory of Peter l. Berger, the tendency of couples to use digital dowries in the digital era cannot be separated from the institutionalization of the digital world itself in the cyber community. The institutionalization takes place through a dialectic between objectification, internalization and externalization. The use of digital dowries is a form of community externalization that confirms the existence of virtual worlds into rival realities for the real world. Based on Michael Heim's theory, the use of digital dowries is caused by the characteristics of the virtual world that resemble the real world, making it easier to institutionalize in the cyber community. From a normative point of view, the dowry of the digital era does not contradict the terms and conditions in Islamic law because it has the same beneficial value as that in the real world.

KONTRUKSI SOSIAL TRADISI “OMAH PITU” DUKUH SITUMPENG DALAM PERSPEKTIF PARADIGMA DAKWAH KULTURAL

Traditions in a society have important roles in determining the direction and social destination in society itself. When a tradition still relevants and still used by people, the tradition will be maintained at the same time, and also vice versa. If it can not give the benefits for people, it will be leaved. As in Situmpeng viileage, Pesalakan, Bandar, Batang City. After many years, “Omah Pitu” that bequethed by their ancestors, still exist until now. Of course includes many problems happen inside. Using kind of qualitative research with phenomenological approachment as a technic of analysis, this research try to understand about how social crosntructions of Situmpeng’s poeple to “Omah Pitu” in the context of cultural dakwah paradigm. 
 As a result of the research can be cpncluded that nowdays “Omah Pitu” only seven houses thal still exist in Situmpeng. This suitable with the name of this village from the word “Situ” and “Lempeng” that have meaning “omahe pitu lempeng” (only seven houses). The social constructions in this society to the tradition “Omah Pitu” -like L Berger theory- devided into four steps, there are constructions, maitenance, repairs, and changes. Those steps veri dinamic and born “Omah Pitu” that still exist in Situmpeng with some adaptations that done by society with follow the times change. As non-habitable buildings, the concept of two houses that have a gutter,etc. Nevertheless if looked from that theory, the last step, change, it is not fully happened because there is no “radical” change that get rid of the old values. Besides it, “Omah Pitu” that still sustainable in Situmpeng can still exists because it got a legitimation of Islamic rules that followed by Situmpeng’ people. It means that the diversity in Situmpeng which entered in Cultural Dakwah Paradigm causes this tradition doesn’t need to be confronted srictly as when faced with Islam in Purritans ways.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПАНДЕМИИ КОРОНАВИРУСА COVID-19 НА ОТНОШЕНИЯ РПЦ И ВЛАСТИ В РОССИИ

A conservative turn in Russian politics has made the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) a key beneficiary of the new policy. Within the framework of Peter Berger's theory of desecularization, the ROC increased its influence through an alliance with the Kremlin. This made it possible to move smoothly from the model of «selective cooperation» to the model of «state religion», according to the classification of state-church relations proposed by Kristina Stoeckl. By early 2020, the ROC was perhaps at the height of its political influence. However, the COVID-19 pandemic seems to have paused the strong alliance of the Kremlin and the ROC. When the government announced lockdown measures and demanded that all churches cease services with the public, not all priests agreed to comply. The church-state crisis manifested in two divisions: between the Church and the state, between loyalists and fundamentalists within the ROC. We argue that although these cleavages posed a threat to the Patriarchate’s stability and power, the church leaders managed to maintain the loyalty of most believers. The authors show that the ROC proved its political loyalty to the Kremlin. Using individual-level data from the Values in Crisis project, the effect of religiosity on the support of government public health measures is explored. The findings reveal that higher religiosity is associated with higher levels of political loyalty. However, the COVID-19 crisis illustrates that the illusion of an equal partnership between the state and the church vanished.

Secularization, Symbolic Reality Sacred in The Menoreh Hills Madrasa, Yogyakarta

This paper aims to analyze madrasa efforts to maintain the sacred of the symbolic meaning of religious values as a response to the emergence of secularization in the Menoreh Hills community in Yogyakarta. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews. This study utilized Peter L Berger's theory of the fundamental dialectics which consisted of community-externalization, objectivation and internalization. It was in line with Thomas Lickona's theory of the configuration of strengthening the values of moral knowing, moral feeling, and moral behavior. The results showed that madrasa efforts to transform religious symbols into symbolic universe were carried out by enculturating the religious symbols with traditional Javanese values to find symbolic realities that had sacred meaning and degrees in the context of tolerance, social care, respect and courtesy values. The symbolic meaning of religion as a symbolic universe for the society can be used as an ethical guide for a human to have a meaningful life and to avoid alienation experience from this modern world. When the madrasa teachers possess high tolerance intelligence to avoid sectarian thoughts, madrasas can be the people's preference to guard religious value against secularization. يهدف هذا البحث العلمي إلى تحليل جهود المدارس لحفظ قدسية القيم الدينية بمعانىها الرمزية، استجابة لظهور العلمانية في مجتمع بوكيت مينوريه في يوجياكارتا. تمت جمع البيانات عن طريق الملاحظة والمقابلات المتعمقة. تستخدم هذه الدراسة نظرية بيتر ل بيرغر (Peter L Berger) عن الديالكتيك الأساسي للمجتمع -الخارجية والموضوعية والداخلية، فكاملتها نظرية توماس ليكونا (ThomasLickona) عن تقوية القيم الأخلاق المعرفي و الشعوري والتصرفي.أوضحت نتائج هذا البحث أنها قد تمت جهود المدرسة لتحويل الرموز الدينية إلى رموز عالمية من خلالالتثقف مع قيم تقليدية جاوية. وهذا لإيجاد حقائقها المعنوية الرمزية في درجات مقدسة في سياق التسامح والرعاية والاحترام والمجاملة الاجتماعية.يمكن استخدام المعاني الرمزية الدينية كمبادئ توجيهية أخلاقية للمجتمع، بحيث يتمتع بها البشر حياة ذات معنى من غير الاغتراب. لهاذا تكون المدرسة مرجعا رئيسيا للمجتمع باعتبارها معقلًا يحمي القيم الدينية من هجمة العلمنة، واستوفى كل هذا إذا كانت المدرسة لها معلمين الذين لهم الذكاء التسامحي لتجنب التفكير الطائفي.

Uncertainty Reduction Theory dalam Pola Komunikasi Pemain dan Pelatih Sepakbola Usia Dini di PFA (Pasoepati Football Academy)

Communication at the beginning of the meeting is a key communication that will be a benchmark for the relationship between future interpersonal communication that will be undertaken by those who communicate. A sense of uncertainty and anxiety will arise when we do not know the information about our interlocutors who encourage us to do things that will reduce the sense of uncertainty. Inhibiting factors from inside and outside of people who communicate are very influential in the emergence of uncertainty and anxiety. Moreover, this study examines early childhood who are still in the developing stages in their environment. This study aims to determine the type of uncertainty experienced by early football players and coaches Pasoepati Football academy and how their strategies in reducing uncertainty through Charles Berger's theory of uncertainty reduction. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive method by conducting in-depth interviews with players and Paseopathic Football Academy coaches. This study shows that the uncertainty experienced by players and coaches is cognitive uncertainty, and for uncertainty reduction strategies using active, passive, and interactive strategies.