Concentrations Of Benzoate Research Articles

A comprehensive study on the production of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate reference material in orange juice

Controlling the content of preservatives in soft drinks is of paramount important for assessing their quality during production and consumption, as well as for ensuring consumer health. To effectively enhance laboratory capacity in preservatives analysis, the requirement for reference materials (RMs) of non-alcoholic beverages containing common preservatives such as potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate is fundamentally essential. This research was conducted to provide a procedure for the production of reference materials for potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate in orange juice. The concentration of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate in the reference materials complied with Circular No.24/2019/TT-BYT which regulates the management and use of food additives. The two RMs of natural and flavored orange juice were homogeneous and stable, however, their quality and stability were strongly affected by the storage temperature. At a particular condition of 5°C, synthetic orange juice witnessed a higher stability than natural at 532 days and 318 days, respectively. Furthermore, an accelerated aging study demonstrated that at -20°C, the integrity of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate in natural orange juice was identically maintained for a substantial period of almost 3 years (expected shelf life 1,049 days).

Safety assessment of three common food additives: the reproductive, oxidative and enzymatic perspective

This investigation was designed to evaluate the reproductive toxicity induced by potassium bromate (at doses of 50, 40, 30, 20, and 10 mg/kg), sodium benzoate (at doses of 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 mg/kg), and caramel IV (at a dose of 200 mg/kg for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks) in male albino mice through the assessments of sperm abnormality and sperm count. The concentrations of the three additives tested were chosen purposefully based on the acceptable daily intake of each of the additives by standard organizations. The level of Total Testosterone (TT), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), as well as the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), were also measured. The results obtained showed that all three tested food additives led to a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in abnormal sperm cells among exposed mice. The sperm abnormalities observed include folded sperm, amorphous heads, distal droplets, absent hooks, improper tail attachments, and looped tails. Furthermore, it was observed that only mice exposed to potassium bromate and caramel exhibited a statistically significant decrease in mean sperm count. Alterations in the levels and activities of TT, ALT, FSH, AST, LH, and ALP were also observed to be concentration-dependent in the exposed mice. The findings suggest that the reproductive toxicity and changes in enzyme activities in the treated mice are dependent on the concentration of potassium bromate and sodium benzoate, as well as the duration of exposure to caramel IV. These indicate that high consumption of foods or beverages containing potassium bromate, sodium benzoate, and caramel IV colourant may induce reproductive abnormalities in the consumers.

Aqueous solubility enhancement of theobromine using eco-friendly hydrotropic phenomena

Theobromine, a bioactive compound found in cacao beans, is recognized for its pharmacological health benefits, such as improving heart health by lowering blood pressure, enhancing cognitive function, supporting respiratory health, providing antioxidant benefits, reducing inflammation, and promoting dental health. However, its limited solubility in water poses challenges for therapeutic applications, necessitating methods to enhance its solubility. The approach to enhance its bioavailability making it more effective for medicinal use and easier to incorporate into various pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. Hydrotropic solubilization, utilizing the amphiphilic nature of sodium benzoate, is employed to improve the solubility of theobromine. Through systematic investigation of varying concentrations (0–3 mol/L) of sodium benzoate and temperature conditions ranging between 303 and 333 K, this study is aimed to elucidate their effects on the solubility of theobromine. Standardized protocols were utilized to measure the concentration of dissolved theobromine in sodium benzoate solutions, while thermodynamic properties were analyzed to understand the underlying mechanism. The study discovered that the solubility of theobromine was enhanced by sevenfold in the presence of sodium benzoate. Thermodynamic analysis revealed the solubilization process to be entropy-driven. Additionally, contact angle estimations confirmed increased hydrophobicity with higher sodium benzoate concentration, facilitating the solubilization of theobromine in the aqueous phase. Furthermore, FTIR analysis indicates that the solubilization of the bioactive compound occurs exclusively subsequent to traversing the minimum hydrotropic concentration (MHC).

Optimasi fase gerak dan analisis kadar natrium benzoat pada beberapa sirup rasa jeruk dengan metode kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (kckt)

With the increasing growth of food and beverages in Indonesia, there has been an increase in the manufacture of soft drinks that use the preservative sodium benzoate, particularly in syrup. The concentration of sodium benzoate in beverages should be monitored, because excessive consumption can emerge various health problems. To obtain maximum analysis results, mobile phase optimization is first carried out, which aims to obtain the optimal type of eluent from several types of mobile phase, then proceed with adjusting the sodium benzoate content in the orange-flavored syrup using the HPLC method to establish whether it fits the standards in line with the BPOM Regulation No. 11 of 2019. After optimizing the mobile phase, the most optimal mobile phase is Methanol Pro HPLC: Aquabidestilata (70:30), because in this comparison the chromatogram gives the best result the peak shape is symmetrical, tailing factor is less than 2 and the retention time is less than 10 minutesBased on the findings of the third sample research, the sodium benzoate content in orange-flavored syrup meets the requirements of BPOM Regulation No. 11 of 2019, namely 600 mg/kg.

The concentrations and health risks of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate in some Iranian food products: A Monte Carlo simulation

The study aimed to investigate potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate concentrations in food items collected from Shiraz and Ahvaz cities. The study shows that while the mean concentration of sodium benzoate in Olovieh salad, pickled cucumber, mayonnaise sauce, and carbonated drinks generally met ISIRI and CODEX standards, 7.60 % and 3.08 % of mayonnaise sauce samples, and 4.46 % and 2.67 % of carbonated drinks exceeded these standards, respectively. Potassium sorbate levels were higher than the ISIRI standards in 18.4 % of cakes and cookies, 6.25 % in Olovieh salad, 20 % in mayonnaise sauce, and 5.36 % in pickled cucumbers samples. However, under the Codex, all these products were within acceptable limits, except mayonnaise sauce. In addition, ISIRI detected sodium benzoate in some products that should not be used, such as cake and cookies, tomato sauce, and non-carbonated fruit drinks. The Monte Carlo simulation for exposure estimation, carried out in this study for health risk assessment, revealed that the hazard index (HI) remained below the threshold (HI < 1). Specifically, the 5th percentile was at 0.21, the median at 0.32, and the 95th percentile at 0.45. The study suggested that while potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate in foods are low-risk, continued monitoring of these preservatives is recommended.

Effect of sodium benzoate on Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) ice tea

Sodium benzoate is commonly used as a food preservative to prevent deterioration. According to USEPA standards, the allowable maximum for sodium benzoate in beverages is 0.15%, and 0.13% in fruit juice. A high sodium benzoate intake can induce a variety of illnesses in humans. The current study analyzes the influence of various sodium benzoate concentrations on final product quality. The product was tested to evaluate its physiochemical, proximate, and sensory properties. Acidity, pH, specific gravity, and antioxidant characteristics were identified. The product with the least amount of Na-benzoate performed better than the products with a higher amount of sodium benzoate. Products with 0.06 and 0.07% sodium benzoate were disliked due to a pungent aftertaste, whereas products with 0.05% sodium benzoate were preferred. In terms of physicochemical parameters, all treatments had similar brix, pH, acidity, specific gravity, and antioxidant values. The proximate analyses were also found same for all three treatments. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 59(2), 123-128, 2024

Emamectin benzoate-induced toxicity affects intestinal epithelial integrity involving apoptosis

The frequency presence of emamectin benzoate in agricultural production highlights the need for studying their toxicity against human intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB). Herein, we combined a Caco-2 cell model with transcriptome analysis to assess the intestinal toxicity of emamectin benzoate and its disease-causing potential. Results showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of emamectin benzoate on Caco-2 cell viability after 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure were 18.1, 9.9, and 8.3 μM, respectively. Emamectin benzoate exposure enhanced the Caco-2 monolayer paracellular permeability, damaged the IEB, and increased cellular apoptosis. Key driver gene analysis of 42 apoptosis - related DEGs, identified 10 genes (XIAP, KRAS, MCL1, NRAS, PIK3CA, CYCS, MAPK8, CASP3, FADD, and TNFRSF10B) with the strongest correlation with emamectin benzoate - induced apoptosis. Transcriptomics identified 326 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 204 upregulated and 122 downregulated). The functional terms of neurodegeneration - multiple diseases was enriched with the most number of DEGs, and the Parkinson disease pathway had the highest enrichment degree. Our findings provided support for environmental toxicology studies and the health risk assessment of emamectin benzoate.

Radiographic description phase composition of lithium niobate crystals with anomal growth of domains during soft proton exchange

The formation of periodically polarized waveguide structures in lithium niobate crystals for nonlinear optical transformations of laser radiation in the telecommunications wavelength range is an important applied problem. One of the options for forming waveguides with low switching fields can be waveguides obtained by soft proton exchange. In this work, using X-ray diffraction analysis, it is shown that anomalously low polarization switching thresholds occur in layers with so-called intermediate κ-phases when varying the time of soft proton exchange, and when varying the concentration of lithium benzoate, a transition from the metastable β-phase to the intermediate κ-phase is revealed. The results obtained support the hypothesis that the proton concentration gradient leads to a decrease in the threshold field for polarization switching. However, high-concentration metastable and intermediate crystalline phases lead to an increase in optical losses and temperature instability of waveguides.

An advanced optic-fiber differential sensing system enhanced by molecularly imprinted polymer for specific sodium benzoate detection

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based microfiber differential demodulation sensing system for sodium benzoate (SB) concentration detection is proposed. The specific binding of MIP on the surface of microfibers with SB can lead to changes in local refractive index (RI). RI change induces a drift in the interference wavelength, which can be monitored by the power difference between two fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The sensing system can detect SB in the concentration range of 0.1–50 μg/ml, and interference wavelength and FBG power difference sensitivities are 0.55 nm/(μg/ml) and 2.64 dB/(μg/ml) in the low concentration range of 0.1–1 μg/ml, respectively, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 μg/ml. This microfiber differential demodulation sensing system is not only simple to fabricate, but also simplifies the demodulation equipment to reduce the cost, which providing a simple, reliable and low-cost technique for the quantitative detection of SB concentration in beverages and flavoured foods.

Rapid and sensitive detection of sodium benzoate using Carbon quantum dots as a fluorescent probe

Sodium benzoate is a commonly used food additive, but its excessive use or residue can pose potential risks to human health. In this study, we developed a novel method using TetraBromo Fluorescein Disodium Carbon Quantum Dots (TBrFD CQDs) for the rapid and accurate detection of sodium benzoate. The feasibility, sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of the method were evaluated. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method, with a linear correlation between sodium benzoate concentration and fluorescence intensity. The detection limit was calculated to be 0.094 mg L−1. The method exhibited good selectivity and stability, and its applicability was validated in real samples, including two beverages, with recovery rates ranging from 88.78% to 99.02%. This method offers a promising approach for the rapid and on-site detection of sodium benzoate in food, contributing to food safety and consumer health.

The development of ternary and quaternary solid dispersion based hydrotropic blends of atorvastatin calcium

Background and objective: Atorvastatin calcium (ATV) has a solubility in aqueous solutions of greater than 0.1 mg/ml to less than 1 mg/ml, which is very slightly soluble. When developing dosage forms for these medications, formulation scientists still face challenges. This study's goal was to use various hydrotropic agents in the formation of solid dispersion-based hydrotropic blends to improve the solubility properties of atorvastatin calcium. Methods: In this study, twenty-two distinct binary, ternary, and quaternary formulations of ATV were prepared by employing five different hydrotropic agents and combining at least two hydrotropic agents in concentrations of 10% and 20% (w/v). Moreover, solid dispersion by the solvent evaporation method and physical mixture-based hydrotropic blends in the ratio of (1:2) have been formulated. The produced formulations were characterized using an FTIR analysis. Results: According to the findings, binary formulations containing 20% (w/v) concentrations of sodium benzoate (SB), sodium salicylate (SS), and resorcinol (R) enhanced the solubility ratio of ATV by 439.31, 689.57, and 106.21 folds, respectively. Furthermore, ternary formulations (FT14) and quaternary formulations (FQ18) resulted in the enhancement of ATV solubility by 938.45 and 995.12 folds, respectively. Ternary solid dispersion demonstrated the highest enhancement in solubility ratio by 87.68 folds and resulted in a higher dissolution rate of ATV than pure samples of the drug. Finally, FTIR analyses excluded any interactions between medications and excipients by showing no noticeable shift in the peaks. Conclusion: Solid dispersion based hydrotropic blends can provide the production of the dosage forms of practically insoluble drugs with a favorable enhancement ratio in solubility.

Determination of benzoate in cranberry and lingonberry by using a solid-contact benzoate-selective electrode

Benzoic acid is used as a preservative in processed food, and occasionally in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, while benzoic acid occurs naturally in, e.g., cranberry and lingonberry. Therefore, the determination of benzoate is of interest for product quality assurance, food safety, and personal health. In this work, a solid-contact benzoate-selective electrode (benzoate-ISE) was developed by utilising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as solid contact and a solvent polymeric membrane containing a 1,3-bis(carbazolyl)urea derivative as ionophore. The benzoate-ISE was characterised in parallel with an ionophore-free control-ISE by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiometry. The presence of the ionophore in the membrane improved the selectivity to benzoate. Benzoate-ISEs and control-ISEs were used further to determine the benzoate concentration in cranberry and lingonberry by standard addition. The results obtained with both types of ISEs were compared with those obtained by ion chromatography. The results obtained with benzoate-ISEs were consistent with those obtained with ion chromatography. On the contrary, the control-ISE (without ionophore) gave significantly higher benzoate concentrations, especially in the case of cranberry where the benzoate concentration was low (ca 0.2 g kg−1) compared to lingonberry (ca 1 g kg−1). Hence, the benzoate-selectivity of the ionophore was crucial to obtain a benzoate-ISE that was practically applicable for determination of benzoate concentrations in cranberry and lingonberry.

Studying the effect of the pesticides Tondexir and Emamectin benzoate on some biological aspects of the southern cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Tondexir and Emamectin benzoate pesticides on the southern cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Experiments were conducted using three different concentrations (1, 1.5, 2) ml/1 liter (distilled water) of Tondexir and Emamectin benzoate on 10 selected insects (5 males, 5 females) placed on 10 grams of treated cowpea seeds. The results showed that Tondexir effectively eliminated C. maculatus, achieving a 100% mortality rate after 5 days at a concentration of 2 mL. In contrast, the biopesticide Emamectin benzoate showed high mortality rates for adult southern cowpea beetles, reaching 100% after one day at the same concentration. This confirms the effectiveness and superiority of Emamectin benzoate compared to the control group, which did not show any fatalities. Different concentrations of pesticides had varying effects on spawning rates, with significant differences observed between the treatment and control groups. These results indicate the effect of the pesticides Tondexir and Emamectin benzoate on the egg-laying process of the Southern Cowpea beetle. The study showed that different concentrations of Tondexir and Emamectin benzoate did not lead to egg hatching, while the control group showed a high hatching rate of about 90-93%. This confirms the ability of these pesticides to combat the southern cowpea beetle. In conclusion, the study highlighted the effectiveness of Emamectin benzoate in combating the Southern Cowpea beetle, as the pesticide Emamectin benzoate showed superior results. It also greatly affected egg productivity and hampered the egg-hatching process. These results indicated the possibility of using tondexir and Emamectin benzoate as effective substances to control Callosobruchus maculaus in Cowpea crops.

Determination of sodium benzoate in different brands of orange juices available in Bangladesh by high-performance liquid chromatography

Sodium benzoates as a chemical preservative are common practice in modern food technology. It is permitted by international laws in food as a food additive with a restricted amount. But it is highly used in different food products like fruit juices. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to determine the concentration of sodium benzoate in different brands of orange juices available in the market Tangail region, Bangladesh using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Chromatographic analysis was performed by a column (250 × 4.6 mm) with an isocratic solvent system at 40°C. The mobile phase consisted of sodium acetate and acetic acid buffer (pH was 4). The correlation of coefficient was 0.9999 from the standards curves and the variety of external standard absorptions was 0.93 to 20.05 µg/mL. Analysis of four brands of orange juice samples showed that the concentration of sodium benzoate was within the FDA standard, but two brand samples slightly exceeded the Bangladesh Standard and Testing Institute (BSTI) standard. Brand 1 and Brand 4 samples contained sodium benzoate 14.61 and 9.59 mg/100 mL respectively which were within the level BSTI standard range whereas Brand 2 and Brand 3 samples contained 16.11 and 16.33 mg/100 mL respectively which exceeded the level of BSTI standard.

Eficácia in vitro do benzoato de emamectina e do glifosato contra parasitos monogenéticos de Colossoma macropomum

ABSTRACT This study investigated the in vitro efficacy of emamectin benzoate and glyphosate against monogeneans from Colossoma macropomum and tolerance of this species to these therapeutic drugs. In vitro assays demonstrated that concentrations of emamectin benzoate (12.5, 16.6, 20.8 and 25.0g/L) and glyphosate (2,000; 3,000; 4,000 and 5,000mg/L) were 100% effective against Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis and Mymarothecium boegeri. The highest concentrations of emamectin benzoate (20.8 and 25.0g/L) were 100% effective after 30 minutes of exposure. For glyphosate, the highest concentrations were the most effective, and 4,000 and 5,000 mg/L immobilized 100% of parasites in 45 minutes and 30 minutes, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the parasites exposed to 20.8 and 25.0g/L of emamectin benzoate and 5,000 mg/L of glyphosate presented integument covered with deeper wrinkles. Behavioral changes occurred in C. macropomum exposed to all concentrations of both drugs, were as mortality occurred following exposure to emamectin benzoate and glyphosate at 2.0,12,5 and 25.0g/L and 500, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000 and 5,000mg/L, respectively. Low concentrations of emamectin benzoate and of glyphosate were tolerated by C. macropomum, but these concentrations may have not efficacy against infection of monogeneans.

Sublethal Effects of Emamectin Benzoate on Development and Reproduction and RNAi of the Vitellogenin Gene in Spodoptera frugiperda.

Spodoptera frugiperda, one of the most destructive corn pests in the world, invaded China in December 2018. In this study, sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC30) of emamectin benzoate (EB) were used to treat pesticide-free treatment (PFT) and EB treatment (ET) of S. frugiperda. In PFT, compared with the control (CK), the pupal weight, hatching rate, and pupation rate of LC10 and LC30 groups were significantly reduced. The fecundity and the expression of vitellogenin gene (SfVg) were decreased after LC30 treatment, while the LC10 treatment groups showed no significant difference from the control group. In ET, compared to CK, the fecundity was increased by 11.14 and 18.8%. The expression of SfVg was upregulated by 2.6 times after LC30 treatment. Moreover, RNAi-mediated SfVg knockdown resulted in a nearly 70% reduction in oviposition. The result provided a theoretical basis for optimizing the application of EB and Vg-dsRNA in the control of S. frugiperda.

Controlling Enzymatic Browning in Apples: Inhibiting Polyphenol Oxidases Activity

Objective The browning phenomenon in fruits, particularly in apples, is a result of various enzymatic reactions, with polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) being the primary culprits. These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of phenolic compounds in the presence of oxygen, leading to the production of brown pigments, and compromising the quality, texture, and appearance of fruits. Aims This study aimed to investigate methods for mitigating enzymatic browning in apples by targeting the activity of PPO through the application of chemical treatments. Given the adverse impact of enzymatic browning on the sensory and nutritional qualities of apples, the research explored strategies involving chelating agents, antioxidants, agents of firmness, and acidifying agents. Methods Effective pre-treatment of apple samples was essential to overcome the natural cuticle barrier, thereby optimizing the efficacy of subsequent chemical interventions. The research revolved around the application of chelating agents, antioxidants, agents of firmness, and acidifying agents to suppress PPO activity. The systematic evaluation considered various concentrations of ascorbic acid, potassium metabisulfite (KMS), and sodium benzoate under diverse temperature and potential hydrogen (pH) conditions. Results The findings underscored the effectiveness of a variety of chemical treatments in inhibiting PPO activity, resulting in a noteworthy reduction in enzymatic browning in apples. Ascorbic acid exhibited substantial PPO inhibition at specific concentrations, while KMS and sodium benzoate demonstrated varying degrees of inhibition, ranging from moderate to prominent. Notably, the combination of KMS and sodium benzoate at an optimal concentration emerged as a highly effective approach, effectively preventing enzymatic browning across diverse conditions. Conclusion In conclusion, this research emphasizes the efficacy of chemical treatments, encompassing chelating agents, antioxidants, agents of firmness, and acidifying agents, in mitigating PPO activity and controlling enzymatic browning in apples. The synergistic effect of potassium metabisulfite and sodium benzoate displays significant promise, offering a viable solution to extend the shelf life of apples while preserving their sensory and nutritional attributes. These findings hold substantial significance in the realm of food preservation, with the potential to contribute to addressing global food scarcity challenges.

Assessment of physicochemical parameters, and antioxidant properties of mango concentrate during different storage intervals

ABSTRACT Pakistan is one of the biggest mango producing country in the world. Post-harvest losses of mango occur due to lack of storage facilities. Mango can be converted into concentrate to utilize it for longer period. In the current study, the physicochemical profile and storage stability of mango concentrate was investigated to evidence the opportunity of preservation method. Three different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.5%) of citric acid, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate were applied. All chemical preservatives significantly (p ˂ 0.05) increased viscosity, total soluble solids (TS), reducing sugar (RS), non-reducing sugar (NRS), total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA), while the moisture content, pH, DPPH antioxidant activity, TPC (total phenolic content), TFC (total flavonoid content) and the level of texture acceptance decreased during the storage. The moisture content was decreased from 43.4% to 34.9% during storage. Phytochemical analysis showed that mango concentrate is a potential source of antioxidant compounds and has higher DPPH radical scavenging activity. Regarding preservation solution, it is suggested that sodium benzoate and citric acid might be utilized for industrial applications.

The effect of calcium chloride and sodium benzoate on CPO quality of oil palm fruit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as a source of food and biofuels

Palm oil yields are often of low quality and quantity. Production quality improvement can be done by preventing damaged or defective products, for example by spraying a solution of calcium chloride and sodium benzoate. This research aimed to determine the effect of calcium chloride and sodium benzoate on the quality of crude palm oil. The research was done at the Fundamentals of Agricultural Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Malikussaleh University, North Aceh Regency. The research was started from September to November 2021. The experimental design used was Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was Calcium Chloride (C) concentration, 0, 3000, and 4000 ppm. The second factors were Sodium Benzoate (N) concentration, 0, 3000, and 4000 ppm. The results showed that giving a concentration of 3000 ppm sodium benzoate spray was able to reduce the weight loss value of loose fruit and free fatty acids, as well as increase the yield of CPO. There was a very strong relationship between the value of the moisture of the fruit and the level of impurities on the yield produced. For best results it is recommended to use sodium chloride 3000 ppm.

Experimental research on the development of composition of complex action ointment based on phytocomplex

The aim of the work is to develop the composition of a complex action ointment based on active pharmaceutical ingredients of natural origin for the treatment of cheilitis of various etiologies. Materials and methods. The development of the ointment base by selecting active pharmaceutical ingredients and auxiliary substances determined by organoleptic, physicochemical, rheological and microbiological research methods. Results. Studies of the antimicrobial activity of experimental samples have established that the optimal ointment base is a water/oil emulsion, which provides better API release rates than absorption bases. According to the results of structural and mechanical studies, the introduction of the API complex reduces the structural viscosity of the ointment base. Furthermore, the ability of the ointment to thin out with an increase in the gradient of the shear rate is shown, which will contribute to the uniform distribution of the API during the technological process and the easy application of the ointment to the skin. The study of textural properties of the experimental ointment samples (cohesion, adhesion, and elasticity) also confirmed the satisfactory spreadability of the sample. The optimal container for its consistent properties was chosen according to the results of the ointment's structural, mechanical and textural properties. A test of the effectiveness of antimicrobial preservatives was conducted, resulting in the minimum effective concentration of sodium benzoate in the amount of 1 % was substantiated. Furthermore, based on the results of a complex of studies, the composition of the emulsion ointment was developed, which includes vaseline (liquid paraffin) 20 %, emulsifiers glycerol monostearate 5.5 %, polysorbate-80 3.5 %, viscosity regulator of the aqueous phase hydroxyethyl cellulose 3 %, phytocomplex API "Phytol" (concentrated aqueous extract of burdock root: oak bark: pot calendula in the ratio 5:1:1.5, respectively) and essential oils of tea tree 1 % and geranium 1.5 %, purified water. Conclusions. Based on organoleptic, physicochemical, rheological and microbiological studies, the composition of the ointment of complex action was developed based on active pharmaceutical ingredients of natural origin for the treatment of cheilitis of various etiologies.