Regulation Of Behavior Research Articles

Early stress in maternal deprivation affects the expression of OX1R in the limbic system of the brain and contributes to the development of anxiety-depressive symptoms in rats

BACKGROUND: Depressive states are becoming an increasingly common mental disorder and a serious social problem that places a heavy economic burden on society. Increasing data from preclinical and clinical studies indicate that orexins (neuropeptides, also known as hypocretins) and their receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of depression. The orexinergic system regulates disrupted functions in depressive states, such as sleep, reward system, eating behavior, stress response, and monoaminergic regulation. However, the exact role of orexins in behavioral and neurophysiological disorders in depression is still unclear. AIM: This study aimed to examine the effect of early postnatal stress on the expression of OX1R orexin in the limbic system and the development of anxiety-depressive symptoms in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maternal deprivation was used as a model of early postnatal stress (postpartum days 2–12). The animals were divided into the control (n = 20) and maternal deprivation (n = 20) groups. On day 90 of life, the influence of early postnatal stress on the development of anxiety-depressive symptoms in adult rats was analyzed using a package of behavioral tests, namely, raised cruciform maze, forced swimming Porsolt test, and two-bottle test. After the experiments, the animals were killed by decapitation, the brain was extracted and placed in the cold, and brain structures (hypothalamus and amygdala) were isolated, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at a temperature of −80°C for polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: In the “raised cruciform maze,” the maternal deprivation group spent less time in the open arms of the maze, and the time spent in the closed sleeves increased relative to the control, which can be assessed as an increase in anxiety levels. In the Porsolt test, the maternal deprivation group had increased immobilization time relative to the control group. In the two-bottle sucrose preference test, the maternal deprivation group demonstrated a decreased preference for sucrose solution, which indicates the development of anhedonia. In the hypothalamus, the mRNA expression level of OX1R significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with that in the control group. A twofold decrease in the mRNA expression level of OX1R was also observed in the amygdala of the experimental group compared with that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Early stress caused by maternal deprivation resulted in a decrease in OX1R orexin expression in the hypothalamus and amygdala and contributed to the development of anxiety-depressive symptoms in rats.

Examining the roles of self-compassion and self-control in managing work-family conflicts and preventing burnout during the pandemic: A three-wave longitudinal study in China.

According to the Work/Family Border Theory, the pandemic-induced disruptions, such as widespread teleworking adoption, have blurred work and family boundaries. Meanwhile, the Work-Home Resources Model posited that the impact of such disruptions on work-family conflicts and mental health depends on individual resources. Building on previous research, this study hypothesised that self-compassion and self-control mitigate pandemic burnout by reducing work-family conflicts during pandemic. In particular, we proposed that the proactive nature of self-compassion motivates individuals to seek resources for managing work-family conflicts, while self-control translates this motivation into action through behavioural regulation and adaptive coping. Using a three-wave longitudinal design with 568 participants in China during heightened pandemic severity, the study revealed that both self-compassion and self-control were associated with lower pandemic burnout, mediated through reduced work-family conflict. The indirect effect of self-compassion on pandemic burnout via work-family conflicts was significant only for individuals with high or average self-control, emphasising the complementary role of both factors. Our findings underscore the protective value of self-compassion and self-control in navigating work-family conflicts during collective adversities, advocating for their incorporation in theoretical frameworks and practical intervention.

Изменения в содержании и структуре жизненных проектов учащихся в обучающем рефлексивном диалоге

<p>This article discusses the problem of developing new teaching methods that are based on the use of reflexive technologies. One of the key components of these technologies is systemic reflection as a condition for the realization of personal potential. The paper contains a brief overview of theoretical, methodological and applied developments in the field of studying the phenomenon of reflection in Russian psychological science, which serve as a theoretical basis for the development of reflexology. The main conditions of the organization of reflexive dialogue, the principles of its construction, the necessary structural components and a summary of the author's development - the reflexive training "Life project of the individual" are described. The author's development - refletrening "Life project of personality" contains a description of the basic conditions of its organization, the principles of construction and the necessary structural components. The results of an empirical study of the influence of educational reflexive dialogue on the formation of students' life projects are presented. The use of reflexive practices (reflexive training) in reflexive dialogue for building life projects in adolescents is also justified. It has been empirically established that changes in the structure and content of life projects are noted equally in all subjects, regardless of their personal characteristics, but more likely in students with high scores on such personal characteristics as orientation in time (understanding the existential value of life), creative attitude to life (creativity), autosympathy, contact, systemic reflection", volitional regulation of behavior (control-naturalness), the level of general reflexivity, the appropriation of socially significant roles, the availability of experiences, openness to new experiences and self-assessment of metacognitive activity.</p>

Opening Pandora’s box - key facilitators of practice change in detecting and responding to childhood adversity - a practitioner perspective

BackgroundChildhood adversities worsen physical and mental health across the lifespan. Health and social care practitioners play a key role in identifying and responding to childhood adversity, however, may be reluctant to do so due to a perceived lack of services to refer to, time pressures and a deficit of training and confidence. We aimed to (1) quantify changes in practitioner comfort and confidence to identify and respond to childhood adversity following a multimodal intervention within an integrated child and family health and social care hub and (2) to understand barriers and facilitators of practice change.MethodsHub practitioners were surveyed about their competence and comfort to directly ask about and confidence to respond to adversity at baseline and then at six and twelve months post training. Interviews were undertaken to explore practitioner barriers and enablers of practice change. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The theoretical domains framework was used to identify the key drivers of practice change.ResultsFifteen of 18 practitioners completed all three surveys and 70% reported increased competence and comfort to directly ask, and confidence to respond across a range of adversities over the 12-month intervention. Twenty-one practitioners completed interviews. Six themes were identified as either facilitators or barriers to practice change. Facilitator themes included (1) connection matters, (2) knowledge provides assurance, (3) confidence in ability and (4) choosing change. Barrier themes were (1) never enough time and (2) opening Pandora’s box. Following analysis, key drivers of practice change were ‘social influence’, ‘belief in capability’, ‘knowledge’ and ‘behaviour regulation’ while barriers to practice change were ‘environmental context and resources’ and ‘emotion’.ConclusionsPractitioners reported improved confidence in identifying and responding to adversity through a multimodal intervention delivered in an integrated Child and Family Hub. Changing practice requires more than just education and training. Opportunities for social connection and coaching to improve self-confidence and perceived competence are needed to overcome the fear of opening Pandora’s box.

Focal pharmacological manipulation of serotonin signaling in the amygdala does not alter social behavior.

Serotonin signaling plays critical roles in social and emotional behaviors. Likewise, decades of research demonstrate that the amygdala is a prime modulator of social behavior. Permanent excitotoxic lesions and transient amygdala inactivation consistently increase social behaviors in non-human primates. In rodents, acute systemic administration of drugs that increase serotonin signaling is associated with decreased social interactions. However, in primates, the direct involvement of serotonin signaling in the amygdala, particularly in affiliative social interaction, remains unexplored. Here, we examined the effects of serotonin manipulations within the amygdala on social behavior in eight pairs of familiar male macaques. We microinfused drugs targeting the serotonin system into either the basolateral (BLA) or central (CeA) amygdala and measured changes in social behavior. Surprisingly, the results demonstrated no significant differences in social behavior following the infusion of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, 5-HT1A agonist or antagonist, 5-HT2A agonist or antagonist, or 5-HT3 agonist or antagonist into either the BLA or CeA. These findings suggest that serotonin signaling in the amygdala does not directly contribute to the regulation of social behavior between familiar conspecifics. Future research should explore alternative mechanisms and potential interactions with other brain regions to gain a comprehensive understanding of the complex neural circuitry governing social behavior.

The Study of TRPV1 Channels of the Central Nervous System and Their Effect on Anxiety in ICR Mice.

The TRPV1 channel is actively involved in various neuronal processes and is found in various structures of the nervous system, including peripheral and central neurons, sensory ganglia, spinal cord, and various parts of the brain. Due to its ability to respond to various stimuli, TRPV1 can have a significant impact on the body's responses to stress. Studies indicate the involvement of TRPV1 in the regulation of anxiety behavior. Suppression of TRPV1 activity leads to a decrease in the level of anxiety in animals, which indicates the importance of this channel in psychoemotional regulation. A promising compound for inhibiting this channel is the APHC3 peptide, which is a selective receptor antagonist. The results obtained this study show that this peptide has a pronounced anxiolytic effect, reducing the level of anxiety in the studied animals.

Advanced carbon nitride‐based single‐atom photocatalysts

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) have rapidly become a hot topic in photocatalytic research due to their unique physical and chemical properties, high activity, and high selectivity. Among many semiconductor carriers, the special structure of carbon nitride (C3N4) perfectly meets the substrate requirements for stabilizing SACs; they can also compensate for the photocatalytic defects of C3N4 materials by modifying energy bands and electronic structures. Therefore, developing advanced C3N4‐based SACs is of great significance. In this review, we focus on elucidating efficient preparation strategies and the burgeoning photocatalytic applications of C3N4‐based SACs. We also outline prospective strategies for enhancing the performance of SACs and C3N4‐based SACs in the future. A comprehensive array of methodologies is presented for identifying and characterizing C3N4‐based SACs. This includes an exploration of potential atomic catalytic mechanisms through the simulation and regulation of atomic catalytic behaviors and the synergistic effects of single or multiple sites. Subsequently, a forward‐looking perspective is adopted to contemplate the future prospects and challenges associated with C3N4‐based SACs. This encompasses considerations, such as atomic loading, regulatory design, and the integration of machine learning techniques. It is anticipated that this review will stimulate novel insights into the synthesis of high‐load and durable SACs, thereby providing theoretical groundwork for scalable and controllable applications in the field.

Motivational profiles for eating behavior and their associations with intuitive eating

Intuitive eating is an adaptive eating approach shown to have positive psychological and physical health outcomes. Understanding the motivation behind eating behavior can provide valuable information for why some women eat intuitively and others do not. Using self-determination theory (SDT), this study aimed to identify motivational profiles for eating behavior and examine differences in intuitive eating across these motivational profiles. A nationally representative sample of New Zealand women (n = 1447) aged 40–50 years (M = 45.4; SD = 3.2) completed questionnaires assessing motivation and intuitive eating. Latent profile analysis identified five profiles characterized by varying levels of the global and specific forms of behavioral regulation described by SDT. The self-determined profile, characterized by high levels of global self-determination, had higher intuitive eating scores. The internalized profile, characterized by high levels of identified and integrated regulation, had average intuitive eating scores. The conflicted profile, characterized by high levels on most forms of behavioral regulation, and the unmotivated profile, characterized low levels on all forms of behavioral regulation, had a mix of high and low intuitive eating subscale scores. The amotivated profile, characterized by very high levels of amotivation, had lower intuitive eating scores. A motivational profile characterized by higher levels of self-determination and lower levels of the extrinsic forms of behavioral regulation appears to be beneficial for intuitive eating. Therefore, SDT-informed eating behavior interventions that enhance women's self-determined motivation should be created to facilitate intuitive eating in midlife women.

Novel concept for 3D-printed, baffled micro-fluidized beds for the regulation of bubble behavior and the suppression of solid back-mixing: Experiments and simulations

In Micro-Fluidized Beds (MFBs), large bubbles (or slugs) and strong solid back-mixing might hinder good mixing, heat and mass transfer, while reducing conversion rates, and limiting selectivity in certain gas–solid reactions. In this study, a series of novel baffled MFBs were produced using 3D-printing. The influence of the number and position of baffles on the regulation of bubble performance and solid back-mixing in MFBs was investigated through fluidization experiments and Two-Fluid Model (TFM) simulations. The results show that the introduction of baffles effectively suppress slug formation and expand the bubbling regime. Baffles placed at mid-height disrupt fully developed slugs more effectively than those at the bottom. Increasing the number of baffles enhances bubble-breaking efficiency. Numerical simulations suggest that baffles positioned in the lower portion of the bed are more effective for the inhibition of global solid back-mixing. This study shed new light on the design and optimization of baffled MFBs.

Market competition and firm behavior: A comprehensive study on the impact of antimonopoly law

This study examines the impact of the antimonopoly law on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China by analyzing the diverse effects on different types of enterprises and employee groups. The implementation of the law aimed to foster a fairer competitive market by dismantling monopolistic forces, particularly in their wage decisions. Utilizing a difference-in-differences (DID) approach, we find that the law significantly promotes CSR, especially in labor-intensive enterprises, which show a greater commitment to social responsibility compared with technology-intensive firms. The positive effect on ordinary employees’ wages is more pronounced than on managerial staff, highlighting increased wage fairness and transparency. These findings contribute to the understanding of how regulatory frameworks shape corporate behavior and social responsibility.

A Method to Optimize Dormitory Environments Based on Personnel Behavior Regulation

With the development of the economy, the indoor environment of college dormitories has received significant attention. This study focused on the problems of high population densities and poor indoor environments in Chinese dormitories. CO2 and formaldehyde concentrations were measured using field tests and satisfaction was investigated using a questionnaire. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the indoor environment of student dormitories. The results demonstrated that poor indoor air quality was a common occurrence in student dormitories. The students proposed several improvement measures, including increasing the number of window openings and using mechanical ventilation. This study conducted real-time monitoring of indoor and outdoor CO2 concentrations at night when students were asleep. The results demonstrated that when the windows were closed, indoor CO2 concentrations could exceed 3000 ppm, while when the windows were fully open, the indoor CO2 concentration was about 500 ppm. Formaldehyde concentrations in the dormitory were measured after the windows had been closed for more than 12 h. Additionally, the air exchange rates—calculated based on the tracer gas method—ranged from 0.034 to 0.395, with the smallest value observed when the windows were completely closed and the largest value observed when the windows were completely open. Based on the above conclusions, a window-opening mode was proposed that considers the Chinese students’ routine. This pattern could satisfy the indoor thermal comfort needs in winter as well as improve indoor air quality.

Human Behavior and Harvest Regulations: Challenges and Opportunities for Fisheries Managers

Harvest regulation is one of the primary tools that natural resource managers use to manage exploited fish and wildlife populations. Unfortunately, the desired results of harvest regulations are frequently not realized. We contend that a broader and more thorough understanding of anglers could improve the success of harvest regulations. Using a case study from an interstate U.S. fishery for Walleye Sander vitreus, we demonstrate the counterintuitive responses anglers exhibited to differing Walleye harvest regulations. Three possible reasons are explored, using theories from social–science disciplines, to explain why anglers released a greater proportion of larger Walleye under a more liberalized harvest regulation: (1) harvest regulations serving as goals for anglers, (2) resolution of cognitive dissonance provided by restrictive harvest regulations, and (3) the perceived “value” assigned to specific fish or wildlife entity by harvest regulations. We conclude by discussing how taking an interdisciplinary approach (e.g., sociology, psychology, economics) to understanding angler behavior could be an exciting frontier for fisheries management and how this approach specifically holds promise for improving the success of harvest regulations.

Feasibility study of a parent-driven intervention for youth with Down syndrome.

Children with Down syndrome present with behavioural and emotional difficulties, including noncompliance, rule-breaking, emotion dysregulation and delays in executive functioning. Few behavioural interventions have been designed specifically for children with Down syndrome. The Research Units in Behavioral Intervention (RUBI) Parent Training for Disruptive Behaviors is a structured empirically supported parent training programme developed for caregivers of children with autism. This feasibility trial explored the feasibility and acceptability of an abbreviated RUBI intervention with caregivers of children with Down syndrome and identified promising outcome measures to target in future larger clinical trials. A double-blind randomised feasibility pilot clinical trial allocated participants to a behavioural intervention (BEH) or educational (EDU) group. BEH and EDU consisted of five individual sessions over the course of 5 to 8weeks. Measures were administered to 20 caregivers and their youth with Down syndrome at three time points. Both BEH and EDU were rated as feasible with high parental adherence and acceptable with high treatment satisfaction. Both BEH and EDU demonstrated decreased externalising behaviours, irritability and hyperactivity and improved behavioural regulation in executive functioning over time. No impact was noted on caregiver functioning. The feasibility trial has strong findings regarding feasibility and satisfaction and has promising findings regarding the selection of measures for future trials testing an adapted RUBI programme and an education programme to reduce behavioural challenges in children with Down syndrome. Larger scale clinical trials are needed to confirm promising findings of these feasible treatments.

Functional relationship between peripheral thermosensation and behavioral thermoregulation.

Thermoregulation is a fundamental mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in living organisms because temperature affects essentially all biochemical and physiological processes. Effector responses to internal and external temperature cues are critical for achieving effective thermoregulation by controlling heat production and dissipation. Thermoregulation can be classified as physiological, which is observed primarily in higher organisms (homeotherms), and behavioral, which manifests as crucial physiological functions that are conserved across many species. Neuronal pathways for physiological thermoregulation are well-characterized, but those associated with behavioral regulation remain unclear. Thermoreceptors, including Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, play pivotal roles in thermoregulation. Mammals have 11 thermosensitive TRP channels, the functions for which have been elucidated through behavioral studies using knockout mice. Behavioral thermoregulation is also observed in ectotherms such as the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Studies of Drosophila thermoregulation helped elucidate significant roles for thermoreceptors as well as regulatory actions of membrane lipids in modulating the activity of both thermosensitive TRP channels and thermoregulation. This review provides an overview of thermosensitive TRP channel functions in behavioral thermoregulation based on results of studies involving mice or Drosophila melanogaster.

Plaat1l1 controls feeding induced NAPE biosynthesis and contributes to energy balance regulation in zebrafish

Dysregulation of energy balance leading to obesity is a significant risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. In rodents and several other vertebrates, feeding has been shown to induce a rapid rise in the intestinal levels of N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and the chronic consumption of a high fat diet abolishes this rise. Administering NAEs to rodents consuming a high fat diet reduces their adiposity, in part by reducing food intake and enhancing fat oxidation, so that feeding-induced intestinal NAE biosynthesis appears to be critical to appropriate regulation of energy balance. However, the contribution of feeding-induced intestinal NAE biosynthesis to appropriate energy balance remains poorly understood in part because there are multiple enzymes that can contribute to NAE biosynthesis and the specific enzyme(s) that are responsible for feeding-induced intestinal NAE biosynthesis have not been identified. The rate-limiting step in the intestinal biosynthesis of NAEs is formation of their immediate precursors, the N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs), by phosphatidylethanolamine N-acyltransferases (NATs). At least six NATs are found in humans and multiple homologs of these NATs are found in most vertebrate species. In recent years, the fecundity and small size of zebrafish (Danio rerio), as well as their similarities in feeding behavior and energy balance regulation with mammals, have led to their use to model key features of cardiometabolic disease. We therefore searched the Danio rerio genome to identify all NAT homologs and found two additional NAT homologs besides the previously reported plaat1, rarres3, and rarres3l, and used CRISPR/cas9 to delete these two NAT homologs (plaat1l1 and plaat1l2). While wild-type fish markedly increased their intestinal NAPE levels in response to a meal after fasting, this response was completely ablated in plaat1l1-/-fish. Furthermore, plaat1l1-/- fish fed a standard flake diet had increased weight gain and glucose intolerance compared to wild-type fish. The results support a critical role for feeding-induced NAPE and NAE biosynthesis in regulating energy balance and suggest that restoring this response in obese animals could potentially be used to treat obesity and cardiometabolic disease.

The Hypothesis and Research on the Regulation of Mouse Feeding Behavior by Astrocytes in the Lateral Hypothalamic Area

Numerous studies have shown that the central nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating feeding behavior [1]. Within the central nervous system, many nuclei and neural circuitry are involved in regulating feeding behavior, such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA), lateral hypothalamus (LH), tuberomammillary nucleus (TN), and amygdala (CeA). Among these, the lateral hypothalamus is a critical target for the regulation of homeostatic feeding. Previous studies on LH regulation of feeding behavior have mostly focused on neurons and neural circuits, with relatively fewer studies on astrocytes.

AWAKE School Intervention Program: Improving Executive Functions and Reducing Social and Emotional Difficulties in School-Aged Children

This paper reports the results from a school-based intervention for primary and elementary children evaluating the AWAKE project. The AWAKE intervention is a universal program that can be applied by teachers and is designed to improve children’s executive functions and well as their social and emotional well-being. 141 children aged from 6 to 14 from Romania and Austria were involved in the study and 50 teachers implemented the intervention. Out of the 141 children 37 of them had some learning difficulties, 25 children had a difficult social background, and 39 of them had some social and emotional problems as identified by their teachers. The intervention program lasted for 10 weeks with sessions implemented twice a week. Our results showed that children improved their working memory, inhibitory control, planning and behaviour regulation. Moreover, they showed great reduction of their emotional problems, as well as decreased behaviour problems and increased social behaviours. Future studies should investigate the potential of such activities for improving children’s academic performance, as well as the benefits of including them in the school curriculum.

The Interaction of Vasopressin with Hormones of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: The Significance for Therapeutic Strategies in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases.

A large body of evidence indicates that vasopressin (AVP) and steroid hormones are frequently secreted together and closely cooperate in the regulation of blood pressure, metabolism, water-electrolyte balance, and behavior, thereby securing survival and the comfort of life. Vasopressin cooperates with hormones of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) at several levels through regulation of the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and multiple steroid hormones, as well as through interactions with steroids in the target organs. These interactions are facilitated by positive and negative feedback between specific components of the HPA. Altogether, AVP and the HPA cooperate closely as a coordinated functional AVP-HPA system. It has been shown that cooperation between AVP and steroid hormones may be affected by cellular stress combined with hypoxia, and by metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory disorders; neurogenic stress; and inflammation. Growing evidence indicates that central and peripheral interactions between AVP and steroid hormones are reprogrammed in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and that these rearrangements exert either beneficial or harmful effects. The present review highlights specific mechanisms of the interactions between AVP and steroids at cellular and systemic levels and analyses the consequences of the inappropriate cooperation of various components of the AVP-HPA system for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Genes associated with cortical thickness alterations in behavioral addiction.

Behavioral addiction (BA) is a conceptually new addictive phenotype characterized by compulsive reward-seeking behaviors despite adverse consequences. Currently, its underlying neurogenetic mechanism remains unclear. Here, this study aimed to investigate the association between cortical thickness (CTh) and genetic phenotypes in BA. We conducted a systematic search in five databases and extracted gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. Meta-analysis of 10 studies (343 addicted individuals and 355 controls) revealed that the BA group showed thinner CTh in the precuneus, postcentral gyrus, orbital-frontal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (P < 0.005). Meta-regression showed that the CTh in the precuneus and postcentral gyrus were negatively associated with the addiction severity (P < 0.0005). More importantly, the CTh phenotype of BA was spatially correlated with the expression of 12 genes (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05), and the dopamine D2 receptor had the highest correlation (rho = 0.55). Gene enrichment analysis further revealed that the 12 genes were involved in the biological processes of behavior regulation and response to stimulus (FDR < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings demonstrated the thinner CTh in cognitive control-related brain areas in BA, which could be associated with the expression of genes involving dopamine metabolism and behavior regulation.

Behavioral events and functional analysis of bursicon signal during adult eclosion in the 28-spotted larger potato ladybird

To accommodate growth, insects must periodically shed their exoskeletons. In Manduca sexta, Drosophila melanogaster and Tribolium castaneum, Bursicon (Burs)/ Partner of bursicon (Pburs)-LGR2 signal is an indispensable component for the proper execution of ecdysis behavior during adult eclosion. Nevertheless, the behavioral events and the roles of bursicon signaling in other insects deserve further exploration. In the current paper, we found that the pupal-adult ecdysis in Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata could be divided into three distinct stages, preecdysis, ecdysis and postecdysis. Preecdysis behavioral sequences included abdomen twitches, dorsal-ventral contractions and air filling that function to loosen the old cuticle. Ecdysis events began with anterior-posterior contractions that gradually split the old integument along the dorsal body midline, followed by freeing of legs and mouthparts, and culminated in detachment from pupal cuticle. Postecdysis behavioral processes contained three actions: perch selection and stretching of elytra and hindwings. RNA interference for HvBurs, HvPburs or Hvrk (encoding LGR2) strongly impaired wing expansion actions, and slightly influenced preecdysis and ecdysis behaviors. The RNAi beetles failed to extend their elytra and hindwings. In addition, injected with dsrk also caused kinked femurs and tibia. Our findings establish that bursicon pathway is involved in regulation of adult eclosion behavior, especially wing expansion motor programs. Given that wings facilitate food foraging, courtship, predator avoidance, dispersal and migration, our results provide a potential target for controlling H. vigintioctomaculata.