Terms Of Behavior Research Articles

Review on road congestion pricing: a long-term land use effect perspective

Road congestion pricing (RCP) is an important way of controlling traffic congestion from the perspective of traffic demand management. This paper introduces the concept and four main types of applications of RCP, summarises the development of RCP theory, reveals the first- and second-order effects of RCP on transportation systems and land use, and analyses the long-term impact of RCP on the spatial location structure of land use. Relevant research progress considering land use effects is systematically and comprehensively reviewed from three research perspectives: demand modelling (pre-RCP), monitoring and analysis (post-RCP) and modelling methods (integration models and other models). The results showed that RCP will affect residents’ travel behaviour in the short term and will lead to changes in spatial location decisions in the long run, thus creating new travel demands and travel modes, affecting the transportation system and urban spatial patterns again. Implementing cordon charges has an agglomeration effect on the population in city centres. Cordon charges also have a significant negative impact on businesses in the toll area and a dispersive effect on jobs. Combined with appropriate strategies for shared autonomous vehicles, RCP can simultaneously improve transportation efficiency and regional accessibility.

Non-Volatile Resistive Switching in Nanoscaled Elemental Tellurium by Vapor Transport Deposition on Gold.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising for resistive switching in neuromorphic and in-memory computing, as their atomic thickness substantially improve the energetic budget of the device and circuits. However, many 2D resistive switching materials struggle with complex growth methods or limited scalability. 2D tellurium exhibits striking characteristics such as simplicity in chemistry, structure, and synthesis making it suitable for various applications. This study reports the first memristor design based on nanoscaled tellurium synthesized by vapor transport deposition (VTD) at a temperature as low as 100°C fully compatible with back-end-of-line processing. The resistive switching behavior of tellurium nanosheets is studied by conductive atomic force microscopy, providing valuable insights into its memristive functionality, supported by microscale device measurements. Selecting gold as the substrate material enhances the memristive behavior of nanoscaled telluriumin terms of reduced values of set voltage and energy consumption. In addition, formation of conductive paths leading to resistive switching behavior on the gold substrate is driven by gold-tellurium interface reconfiguration during the VTD process as revealed by energy electron loss spectroscopy analysis. These findings reveal the potential of nanoscaled tellurium as a versatile and scalable material for neuromorphic computing and underscore the influential role of gold electrodes in enhancing its memristive performance.

Analisis Bibliometrik Green Human Practices terhadap Keberlanjutan Lingkungan pada Industri Perhotelan

Background – Attention to environmental issues has become a seriously focus in various companies today, especially in the management of management functions. Awareness of environmental issues has prompted companies to change their concepts and take initiatives to implement sustainable practices. In this context, Human Resource Management plays a crucial role in maintaining the sustainability of an organization. This research aims to explore how the role of green human resource practices influences environmental sustainability in the hospitality industry. Aim – This research aims to explore how the role of green human resource practices influences environmental sustainability in the hospitality industry. The hospitality industry is one of the sectors that has a significant impact on the environment. Design / methodology / approach – The study is a qualitative approach and it was conducted in 2023 by retrieval on Scopus databased via scopus.com., with the results of collecting 611 articles, which were identified in 2018 – 2023. The data were analyzed descriptively and processed by VOSViewer software with a bibliometric approach to understand trend of the development of research for the future. Findings – Research on green human resource management practices has been conducted in the last five years, but this topic is more frequently explored in 2023. In the citation presentation, it is evident that Sustainability Switzerland and the Journal of Cleaner Production are more commonly used for publications on the theme of GHRM Practices. Conclusion – Research on green human resource management practices has been conducted for the past five years, and was more frequently conducted in 2023, as indicated by the number of citations in Sustainability Switzerland and the Journal of Cleaner Production with the theme of green human resource management practices with a high number of publications. Research implication – The number of keywords that are connected to other topics, makes a reference for further researchers to develop research with other approaches, such as quantitative, by distributing questionnaires to several companies, one of which is the hotel industry. Limitations – Companies need to pay attention seriously to the environment, which was currently a global concern. They need to improve environmentally friendly behavior in real terms through GHRM policies and practices, and also research support from academics.

Adaptive vs. Conventional Deep Brain Stimulation: One-Year Subthalamic Recordings and Clinical Monitoring in a Patient with Parkinson's Disease.

Conventional DBS (cDBS) for Parkinson's disease uses constant, predefined stimulation parameters, while the currently available adaptive DBS (aDBS) provides the possibility of adjusting current amplitude with respect to subthalamic activity in the beta band (13-30 Hz). This preliminary study on one patient aims to describe how these two stimulation modes affect basal ganglia dynamics and, thus, behavior in the long term. We collected clinical data (UPDRS-III and -IV) and subthalamic recordings of one patient with Parkinson's disease treated for one year with aDBS, alternated with short intervals of cDBS. Moreover, after nine months, the patient discontinued all dopaminergic drugs while keeping aDBS. Clinical benefits of aDBS were superior to those of cDBS, both with and without medications. This improvement was paralleled by larger daily fluctuations of subthalamic beta activity. Moreover, with aDBS, subthalamic beta activity decreased during asleep with respect to awake hours, while it remained stable in cDBS. These preliminary data suggest that aDBS might be more effective than cDBS in preserving the functional role of daily beta fluctuations, thus leading to superior clinical benefit. Our results open new perspectives for a restorative brain network effect of aDBS as a more physiological, bidirectional, brain-computer interface.

Risk premium, price of risk and expected volatility in the oil market: Evidence from survey data

This paper contributes to the literature on crude oil risk premiums by providing ex-ante measures of these premiums using survey oil price expectations over an extended period. These ex-ante premiums are uncorrelated with ex-post premiums commonly used in existing studies, whereas they are more relevant as they directly influence investors' decision-making. Utilizing a portfolio choice model, we explain the ex-ante premium as the product of the price of risk and the expected variance, both varying over time and across horizons. We estimate this relationship using a multivariate state-space framework. From our estimated risk prices we find, on average, that investors exhibit risk-seeking behaviour in the short term and risk aversion in the long term. It follows that the term structure of oil risk premiums are prominently upward-sloping. Additionally, consistent with the prospect theory, investors are found to be predominantly risk averse in a context of expected gains and risk-seeking in a context of expected losses. Finally, the dynamics of risk prices are shown to be driven by identifiable economic, financial, and oil market-related factors.

Qualitative analysis and optical soliton solutions galore: scrutinizing the (2+1)-dimensional complex modified Korteweg–de Vries system

This investigation discusses the (2+1)-dimensional complex modified Korteweg–de Vries (cmKdV) system. The cmKdV system describes the nontrivial dynamics of water particles from the surface to the bottom of a water layer, providing a more comprehensive understanding of wave behavior. The cmKdV system finds applications in various fields of physics and engineering, including fluid dynamics, nonlinear optics, plasma physics, and condensed matter physics. Understanding the behavior predicted by the cmKdV system can lead to insights into the underlying physical processes in these systems and potentially inform the design of novel technologies. A new version of the generalized exponential rational function method (nGERFM) is utilized to discover diverse soliton solutions. This method uncovers analytical solutions, including exponential function, singular periodic wave, combo trigonometric, shock wave, singular soliton, and hyperbolic solutions in mixed form. Moreover, the planar dynamical system of the concerned equation is created, all probable phase portraits are given, and sensitive inspection is applied to check the sensitivity of the considered equation. Furthermore, after adding a perturbed term, chaotic and quasi-periodic behaviors have been observed for different values of parameters, and multistability is reported at the end. To gain a deeper understanding of the dynamic behavior of the solutions, analytical results are supplemented with numerical simulations. These obtained outcomes provide a foundation for further investigation, making the solutions useful, manageable, and trustworthy for the future development of intricate nonlinear issues. This study’s methodology is reliable, strong, effective, and applicable to various nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs). As far as we know, this type of research has never been conducted to such an extent for this equation before. The Maple software application is used to verify the correctness of all obtained solutions.

Inquisition of optical soliton structure and qualitative analysis for the complex-coupled Kuralay system

This study seeks to explore the integrable dynamics of induced curves through the utilization of the complex-coupled Kuralay system. The importance of the coupled complex Kuralay equation lies in its role as a fundamental model that contributes to the understanding of intricate physical and mathematical concepts, making it a valuable tool in scientific research and applications. The soliton solutions originating from the Kuralay equations are believed to encapsulate cutting-edge research in various important domains such as optical fibers, nonlinear optics, and ferromagnetic materials. Analytical techniques are employed to derive traveling wave solutions for this model, given that the Cauchy problem cannot be resolved using the inverse scattering transform. In the quest for solitary wave solutions, the extended modified auxiliary equation mapping (EMAEM) method is employed. We derive several novel families of precise traveling wave solutions, encompassing trigonometric, hyperbolic, and exponential forms. Moreover, the planar dynamical system of the concerned equation is created, all probable phase portraits are given, and sensitive inspection is applied to check the sensitivity of the considered equation. Furthermore, after adding a perturbed term, chaotic and quasi-periodic behaviors have been observed for different values of parameters, and multistability is reported at the end. Numerical simulations of the solutions are incorporated alongside the analytical results to enhance comprehension of the dynamic characteristics of the solutions obtained. This study’s outcomes can offer valuable insights for addressing other nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs). The soliton solutions obtained in this study offer important insights into the intricate nonlinear equation being examined.

Dampak Permainan Game Online Terhadap Perilaku Komunikasi Anak Di Lingkungan Keluarga Pada Desa Pulau Tujuh, Kecamatan Pamenang Barat, Kabupaten Merangin

research aims to analyze the impact of playing online games on children's communication behavior in the family environment in Pulau Tujuh Village, West Pamenang District, Merangin Regency, Jambi Province. The theory used in this research is George Gerbner's Cultivation Theory which states that media, including online games, can shape individual perceptions and behavior in the long term. The research method used is a quantitative method with a survey approach. The population in this study were all children in Pulau Tujuh Village who actively played online games. Sampling was carried out using a stratified random sampling technique to ensure proportional representation of various age and gender groups. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 84 child respondents. The research results show that playing online games has a significant impact on children's communication behavior in the family environment. Children who often play online games tend to show more closed communication behavior, are less interactive with family members, and spend more time in front of the screen than interacting directly. In addition, it was found that the intensity of playing online games was closely related to a decrease in the frequency of verbal and non-verbal communication between children and parents.

Inhibition of alloparental behavior by acute stress in virgin male California mice (Peromyscus californicus)

In many biparental mammals, such as California mice (Peromyscus californicus), fathers display affiliative behavior toward unfamiliar infants whereas reproductively naïve adult males show highly variable responses. Sources of this variability are not well understood, but evidence suggests that stress can either enhance or inhibit alloparental care. We evaluated immediate and delayed effects of acute stress on pup-directed behavior in adult virgin male California mice. Mice underwent three 10-minute tests with unfamiliar pups at 48-hour intervals. Stressed mice (N=22) received a subcutaneous oil injection immediately before tests 1 and 2, whereas controls (N=22) were left undisturbed. In controls, but not stressed mice, latency to approach the pup decreased and duration of alloparental behavior increased across the three tests. At each time point, stressed males were less likely than controls to perform alloparental behavior. Controls spent significantly more time performing alloparental behavior than stressed mice in tests 1 and 2 but not in test 3. Pup-directed aggression did not differ between the groups at any time point. These findings suggest that acute stress can both inhibit alloparental behavior in the short term and prevent the increase in alloparental behavior that typically occurs with repeated exposure to pups in virgin male California mice.

M-truncated fractional form of the perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu equation: optical solitons, bifurcation, sensitivity analysis, and chaotic behaviors

This investigation discusses the modified M-truncated form of the perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu (pCLL) dynamical equation. The pCLL equation is a generalization of the original CLL equation, which describes the propagation of optical solitons in optical fibers. The pCLL equation includes additional terms that account for various influences such as chromatic dispersion, nonlinear dispersion, inter-modal dispersion, and self-steepening. A new version of the generalized exponential rational function method is utilized to obtain multifarious types of soliton solutions. Moreover, the planar dynamical system of the concerned equation is created using a Hamiltonian transformation, all probable phase portraits are given, and sensitive inspection is applied to check the sensitivity of the considered equation. Furthermore, after adding a perturbed term, chaotic and quasi-periodic behaviors have been observed for different values of parameters, and multistability is reported at the end. Numerical simulations of the solutions are added to the analytical results to better understand the dynamic behavior of these solutions. The study’s findings could be extremely useful in solving additional nonlinear partial differential equations.

FORESIGHT PROJECTS AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF STUDENTS' LEGAL BEHAVIOUR IN AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HUMANISATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

The article highlights the issues related to the use of foresight projects for the formation of students' legal behaviour in an educational institution in the context of the humanisation of the educational process. The article analyses scientific and methodological works on the peculiarities of using the project method in educational institutions. It is established that students' work on projects contributes to the development of independence, activity, research skills, a sense of belonging to the world community, awareness of professional choice, creative and social development, and the formation of critical thinking skills. Working on a project in an educational institution, regardless of its didactic purpose, shapes the student's future behavior in personal and professional terms, and therefore a trajectory that can be predicted. It is believed that the term «foresight» was first used by science fiction writer H.G. Wells in 1930 in one of his public speeches. The writer proposed to introduce the profession of a «professor of foresight», who, like a historian, would analyze and propose options for the practical implementation of future discoveries. The use of foresight projects in the educational process of an educational institution allows to shape the legal behavior of students, implementing the strategy of humanization of education. At the same time, such behavior is regulated by the content of the relevant legal acts. According to the research of domestic scholars, the implementation of the main provisions of humanization of education requires the use of modern pedagogical methods of humanistic educational activities, ensures the development of the student's personality, and is a guarantee of improving the quality of education and increasing its competitiveness at the international level. It is believed that the degree of humanization of the educational process depends on the extent to which this process creates the preconditions for self-development of the individual, his/her self-realization and creativity. The article deals with the foresight project «I am a future teacher». «I am a future teacher of accounting and economic disciplines», «The path to academic integrity». It is noted that traditional information-oriented, social, creative and other types of projects can also serve as foresight projects.

Chronic administration of caffeine, modafinil, AVL-3288 and CX516 induces time-dependent complex effects on cognition and mood in an animal model of sleep deprivation

ObjectiveCaffeine and modafinil are used to reverse effects of sleep deprivation. Nicotinic alpha-7 receptor and AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAM) are also potential substances in this context. Our objective is to evaluate the effects of caffeine, modafinil, AVL-3288 (nicotinic alpha-7 PAM) and CX516 (AMPA receptor PAM) on cognition and mood in a model of sleep deprivation. MethodModified multiple platform model is used to sleep-deprive mice for 24 days, for 8 h/day. Vehicle, Modafinil (40 mg/kg), Caffeine (5 mg/kg), CX516 (10 mg/kg), and AVL3288 (1 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally daily. A cognitive test battery was applied every six days for four times. The battery that included elevated plus maze, novel object recognition, and sucrose preference tests was administered on consecutive days. ResultsSleep deprivation decreased novel object recognition skill, but no significant difference was found in anxiety and depressive mood. Caffeine administration decreased anxiety-like behavior in short term, but this effect disappeared in chronic administration. Caffeine administration increased memory performance in chronic period. AVL group showed better memory performance in short term, but this effect disappeared in the rest of experiment. Although, in the modafinil group, no significant change in mood and memory was observed, anhedonia was observed in the chronic period in vehicle, caffeine and modafinil groups, but not in AVL-3288 and CX-516 groups. ConclusionCaffeine has anxiolytic effect in acute administration. The improvement of memory in chronic period may be associated with the neuroprotective effects of caffeine. AVL-3288 had a short-term positive effect on memory, but tolerance to these effects developed over time. Furthermore, no anhedonia was observed in AVL-3288 and CX516 groups in contrast to vehicle, caffeine and modafinil groups. This indicates that AVL-3288 and CX516 may show protective effect against depression.

From speculative to real: community attitudes towards government COVID-19 vaccine mandates in Western Australia from May 2021 to April 2022.

Many governments employed mandates for COVID-19 vaccines, imposing consequences upon unvaccinated people. Attitudes towards these policies have generally been positive, but little is known about how discourses around them changed as the characteristics of the disease and the vaccinations evolved. Western Australia (WA) employed sweeping COVID-19 vaccine mandates for employment and public spaces whilst the state was closed off from the rest of the country and world, and mostly with no COVID-19 in the community. This article analyses WA public attitudes during the mandate policy lifecycle from speculative to real. Qualitative interview data from 151 adults were analysed in NVivo 20 via a novel chronological analysis anchored in key policy phases: no vaccine mandates, key worker vaccine mandates, vaccine mandates covering 75% of the workforce and public space mandates. Participants justified mandates as essential for border reopening and, less frequently, for goals such as protecting the health system. However, public discourse focusing on 'getting coverage rates up' may prove counter-productive for building support for vaccination; governments should reinforce end goals in public messaging (reducing suffering and saving lives) because such messaging is likely to be more meaningful to vaccination behaviour in the longer term.

In someone else’s shoes: Reducing prejudice through perspective taking

This study investigates the effectiveness of online, low-cost, scalable interventions aimed at reducing prejudice against an out-group through the use of perspective taking. We conducted an online experiment in which Colombian natives were randomly assigned to either watch a video documentary about Venezuelan forced migrants crossing the Colombian border on foot or to play an online game that immersed them in the life of a Venezuelan forced migrant. Compared to a control group, both treatments led to increased altruism toward Venezuelans and improved attitudes toward forced migrants. However, only the game significantly boosted self-reported trust. In terms of effectiveness per minute of treatment, the video was at least four times more efficient than the game in enhancing prosociality. Given the video’s comparably shorter duration, greater ease of dissemination, and lower demand for active involvement, it appears a superior option to enhance prosocial behaviors in the short term.

Micro-macro consistency in multiscale modeling: Score-based model assisted sampling of fast/slow dynamical systems.

A valuable step in the modeling of multiscale dynamical systems in fields such as computational chemistry, biology, and materials science is the representative sampling of the phase space over long time scales of interest; this task is not, however, without challenges. For example, the long term behavior of a system with many degrees of freedom often cannot be efficiently computationally explored by direct dynamical simulation; such systems can often become trapped in local free energy minima. In the study of physics-based multi-time-scale dynamical systems, techniques have been developed for enhancing sampling in order to accelerate exploration beyond free energy barriers. On the other hand, in the field of machine learning (ML), a generic goal of generative models is to sample from a target density, after training on empirical samples from this density. Score-based generative models (SGMs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art capabilities in generating plausible data from target training distributions. Conditional implementations of such generative models have been shown to exhibit significant parallels with long-established-and physics-based-solutions to enhanced sampling. These physics-based methods can then be enhanced through coupling with the ML generative models, complementing the strengths and mitigating the weaknesses of each technique. In this work, we show that SGMs can be used in such a coupling framework to improve sampling in multiscale dynamical systems.

Total Pain and Fear of Recurrence in Post-Treatment Cancer Patients: Serial Mediation of Psychological Flexibility and Mentalization and Gender Moderation.

Background: The research indicates that painful experiences can significantly affect the fear of cancer recurrence among cancer survivors, which is a distressing concern that influences both physiological and psychological recovery. This cross-sectional study aims to advance our comprehension of the associations between total pain and the fear of recurrence in post-treatment cancer patients by examining two potential mediators: psychological flexibility and mentalization. Methods: Three hundred and thirty-five participants (aged 22 to 88, 49.1% female) who had finished their cancer treatment completed self-report assessments of total pain, their fear of recurrence, psychological flexibility, and mentalization. Results: The serial mediation analysis showed that all dimensions of total pain were positively and indirectly related to the fear of recurrence through psychological flexibility and mentalization in serial. Additionally, gender was found to moderate these serial mediational effects. Conclusions: In line with the psychological flexibility model, personal capacities to face difficult internal/external problems and interpret one's behavior in motivational terms can counterbalance a patient's negative emotions and feelings related to the illness. Gender factors also determine the way in which post-treatment cancer patients manage potential future anxiety and fears.

How immune dynamics shape multi-season epidemics: a continuous-discrete model in one dimensional antigenic space

We extend a previously published model for the dynamics of a single strain of an influenza-like infection. The model incorporates a waning acquired immunity to infection and punctuated antigenic drift of the virus, employing a set of coupled integral equations within a season and a discrete map between seasons. The long term behaviour of the model is demonstrated by examples where immunity to infection depends on the time since a host was last infected, and where immunity depends on the number of times that a host has been infected. The first scenario leads to complicated dynamics in some regions of parameter space, and to regions of parameter space with more than one attractor. The second scenario leads to a stable fixed point, corresponding to an identical epidemic each season. We also examine the model with both paradigms in combination, almost always but not exclusively observing a stable fixed point or periodic solution. Adding stochastic perturbations to the between season map fails to destroy the model’s qualitative dynamics. Our results suggest that if the level of host immunity depends on the elapsed time since the last infection then the epidemiological dynamics may be unpredictable.

Long term behavior of rubberized concrete under static and dynamic loads

Eco-friendly recycled tire-derived rubberized concrete is an environmentally conscious alternative employed in civil engineering for diverse purposes, enhancing the characteristics of concrete. In this paper, the research focuses on examining the drying shrinkage, creep, impact, and post-impact and creep behavior of concrete incorporating rubber. Four groups of cylindrical samples, each with a diameter of 150 mm and a length of 300 mm, were subjected to a consistent load corresponding to 0.25 of the bearing load capacity determined through compression tests on identical concrete mixtures. The testing spanned a year, during which measurements were taken for total strain, dependent strain, creep, and shrinkage. The concrete mixtures were formulated with crumb rubber in place of fine aggregate sand, with varying percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). To emphasize distinctions in outcomes across mixtures with different crumb rubber proportions, tests for compression, indirect tension, flexural strength, and impact resistance were carried out at intervals of 28 days, three months, six months, and one year. The examination and contrast of the four combinations demonstrated notable effects on both concrete creep and impact energy due to the addition of rubber particles. Despite this, shrinkage showed minimal influence. In general, there was a decrease in the compressive strength of rubberized concrete. The concrete compressive strength decreased by 25–35%, 45–50%, and 55–65% for rubberized concrete incorporating 10%, 20%, and 30% crumb rubber, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that creep negatively affects the impact resistance of non-rubberized concrete. Nevertheless, including rubber helps mitigate the effect of creep on the impact resistance, resulting in a reduction ranging from 6% to 12% across rubber percentages from 10% to 30%.

Promoting organizational citizenship behavior through ethical leadership: The education context

The study aimed to examine the effect of ethical leadership on the organizational citizenship behaviour of the employees. To deepen the concepts of the study, the literature was reviewed. The study used the assessment and correlational research design. The population was all employees of the Divine Word College of Laoag. To gather the data, research questionnaires were used and weighted mean and Pearson r were used to analyze the data. The study found that there is a significant correlation between the ethical leadership of administrators and organizational citizenship behaviour in terms of OCBP but there is no correlation between ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior related to OCBO.

The Difference between Bilingual Acehnese-Indonesian and Monolingual Indonesian Students’ Learning Behavior in EFL

This study was conducted in qualitative research aimed to discover the difference in learning behavior between bilingual Acehnese-Indonesian and monolingual Indonesian in EFL. The data of this study was obtained from the 7th grade at SMP Teuku Nyak Arif Fatih Bilingual School, Banda Aceh. The participants were five bilingual and five monolingual students. The data were collected through observation and interviews. The observation data was students’ learning behavior during English class and was analyzed in descriptive statistics (percentages). The interview data included transcripts of supporting information about the reason for the learning behavior displayed in the English classes. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed following Miles Huberman’s interactive model analysis. Furthermore, the results of this study showed that bilingual students showed less negative behavior in terms of competence motivation, attitude toward learning, and strategy/flexibility than monolingual students, but they were found to show the same amount of attention and persistence of negative issues along with monolingual students. Meanwhile, interview findings revealed that reason from both bilingual and monolingual students displayed those issues were mostly affected by internal factors and several external factors