Habitual Behavior Research Articles

The behavioral origins of phylogenic responses and ontogenic habits.

An examination of innate behavior and its possible origins suggests parallels with the formation of habitual behavior. Inflexible but adaptive responses-innate reflexive behavior, Pavlovian conditioned responses, and operant habits-may have evolved from variable behavior in phylogeny and ontogeny. This form of "plasticity-first" scientific narrative was unpopular post-Darwin but has recently gained credibility in evolutionary biology. The present article seeks to identify originating events and contingencies contributing to such inflexible but adaptive behavior at both phylogenic and ontogenic levels of selection. In ontogeny, the development of inflexible performance (i.e., habit) from variable operant behavior is reminiscent of the genetic accommodation of initially variable phylogenic traits. The effects characteristic of habit (e.g., unresponsiveness to reinforcer devaluation) are explicable as the result of a conflict between behaviors at distinct levels of selection. The present interpretation validates the practice of seeking hard analogies between evolutionary biology and operant behavior. Finding such parallels implies the validity of a claim that organismal behavior, both innate and learned, is a product of selection by consequences. A complete and coherent account of organismal behavior may ultimately focus on functional selective histories in much the same way evolutionary biology does with its subject matter.

Device-measured movement behaviours in over 20,000 China Kadoorie Biobank participants

BackgroundMovement behaviours, including physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep have been shown to be associated with several chronic diseases. However, they have not been objectively measured in large-scale prospective cohort studies in low-and middle-income countries. We aim to describe the patterns of device-measured movement behaviours collected in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study.MethodsDuring 2020 and 2021, a random subset of 25,087 surviving CKB individuals participated in the 3rd resurvey of the CKB. Among them, 22,511 (89.7%) agreed to wear an Axivity AX3 wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer for seven consecutive days to assess their habitual movement behaviours. We developed a machine-learning model to infer time spent in four movement behaviours [i.e. sleep, sedentary behaviour, light intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)]. Descriptive analyses were performed for wear-time compliance and patterns of movement behaviours by different participant characteristics.ResultsData from 21,897 participants (aged 65.4 ± 9.1 years; 35.4% men) were received for demographic and wear-time analysis, with a median wear-time of 6.9 days (IQR: 6.1–7.0). Among them, 20,370 eligible participants were included in movement behavior analyses. On average, they had 31.1 mg/day (total acceleration) overall activity level, accumulated 7.7 h/day (32.3%) of sleep time, 8.8 h/day (36.6%) sedentary, 5.7 h/day (23.9%) in light physical activity, and 104.4 min/day (7.2%) in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. There was an inverse relationship between age and overall acceleration with an observed decline of 5.4 mg/day (17.4%) per additional decade. Women showed a higher activity level than men (32.3 vs 28.8 mg/day) and there was a marked geographical disparity in the overall activity level and time allocation.ConclusionsThis is the first large-scale accelerometer data collected among Chinese adults, which provides rich and comprehensive information about device-measured movement behaviour patterns. This resource will enhance our knowledge about the potential relevance of different movement behaviours for chronic disease in Chinese adults.

Influence of perceived value on omnichannel usage: Mediating and moderating roles of the omnichannel shopping habit

Today, most retail profits are driven by customers' habitual buying behaviour. However, there is a lack of comprehensive theoretical understanding regarding how omnichannel habit affects customers’ perceived value and usage. This study uses customer value theory to investigate the various roles of shopping habit (as antecedent, mediator and moderator) in omnichannel retail. To achieve this goal, survey data from 512 omnichannel shoppers in Australia was analysed using the partial least squares method with SmartPLS software version 3. The findings confirm that omnichannel shopping habit plays significant roles as antecedent, mediator, and moderator in the relationship between perceived value and usage. Additionally, the study reveals the positive impact of factors such as security and privacy, seamless experience, personalisation, and social communications. This research expands upon customer value theory by examining the complex relationships between various aspects of omnichannel shopping habit, perceived value and omnichannel usage. For marketers looking to strengthen habitual buying, the study suggests prioritising security and privacy, promoting social communications, and offering personalised services. Recognising the integral influence of habitual buying on value perception and usage, marketers should adopt a cohesive strategy for communicating their value propositions to target customers across multiple channels. This approach can ultimately boost omnichannel usage.

Management of Pediatric Foreign Body Injuries during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of an International Survey.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had direct and indirect effects on daily life. In hospitals, the impact of the pandemic was observed in the diagnostic and therapeutic workflow. In this work, we explored potential changes in activities related to the treatment of foreign body injuries (FBIs) in children and the behavioral habits of physicians during the first wave of the pandemic. An online survey was conducted among physicians of the Susy Safe network. The survey comprised items related to respondent information, reference center characteristics, the treatment of FBIs during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a modified COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS). The survey was distributed among the Susy Safe project international network surveillance registry for FBIs. A total of 58 physicians responded to the survey, including 18 (32%) from Europe and 16 (28%) from South America. The respondents indicated that the estimated number of aspirated foreign bodies during the pandemic was lower than or the same as that before the pandemic (43, 74%), and the same was observed for ingested foreign bodies (43, 74%). In univariable logistic regression, no single predictor was associated with a delay in routine care for children or an increasing tendency of medical personnel to avoid procedures. The workflow of physicians involved in the management of FBIs in children has not changed drastically during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in emergency departments.

The key determinants of individual greenhouse gas emissions in Germany are mostly domain-specific

Individual behavior plays a pivotal role in mitigating climate change but our understanding of the multifaceted, determining factors of sustainable behavior remains incomplete. Here we conducted a comprehensive, cross-sectional survey of German households in 2021 (N = 10,813), assessing various potential determinants and measuring behavior in greenhouse gas emissions across various life domains (shelter, mobility, consumption, and diet). Machine learning models were employed to predict emissions from determining factors and benchmarked against commonly used linear models. Our findings indicate that machine learning models excel in capturing complex relationships between personal and situational factors, offering a more nuanced understanding of how determinants interplay and contribute to emissions. Notably, some factors like perceived behavioral control or habits consistently affected emissions, while others like infrastructural barriers and pro-environmental attitudes were domain-specific. These insights about key determinants of sustainable behavior are valuable for policymakers crafting effective climate change strategies at the individual level.

Research on Multi Scenario User Charging Behavior Habit Model Based on LSTM Driven by Historical Data

Under the advocacy of low-carbon and environmental protection, electric vehicles have ushered in rapid development, and the following user charging problems also need to be considered. The consistency of charging stations makes the charging power the same, resulting in different charging efficiencies of different electric vehicles. Based on this, this paper proposes a multi-scenario user charging behavior habit model based on LSTM driven by historical data, which predicts the charging habits of different electric vehicle users, and provides better support for the subsequent multi-charging power allocation strategy. Finally, the data simulation results show that the model and method can more accurately predict the user's charging behavior.

An Exploration of Wordle Game Data and Player Behavioural Habits Based on Time Series and GBDT Models

The focus of the whole problem is to explore interesting characteristics of Wordle’ players’ behavior data over the year. In order to explain the daily variation in reported results and to explore whether lexical attributes affect the percentage of scores in the difficult mode, this paper introduced a time series model for specific predictions, finally coming to the conclusion that there is a significant correlation between tries in hard mode and commonness, while there is no significant correlation directly with the number of repeated letters. In addition, based on previous research, a model was developed to predict the distribution of reported results for games at future dates. This paper introduced the prediction model based on Gradient Boosted Tree (GBDT) and carried out specific training, where the training accuracy reached more than 95%. The models are conducive to understanding the development trend of wordle games and players’ game habits, and to providing better game suggestions for game developers.

Common traits in online shopping behavior: A study of different generational cohorts

AbstractThis study examines the online shopping behavior of the different generational cohorts (X, Y, and Z) to determine the differences and similarities in their behavioral patterns. The study's findings in the Malaysian context reveal that, irrespective of generational cohorts, key factors significantly influence online shopping behavior. Notably, information quality and source credibility play a pivotal role in enhancing information usefulness, highlighting consumers' strong emphasis on the credibility and quality of information sources when making online purchase decisions. Additionally, personalized services provided by online retailers positively influence consumers' habitual behavior, reduce their willingness to switch to other retailers, and encourage online purchases. This suggests that tailored services and products catering to individual needs foster repeat behavior and customer loyalty. Interestingly, generational cohorts appear to have little impact on consumer responses, indicating that, as online shopping becomes more prevalent, consumer behavior tends to align around common traits, such as valuing information quality and credibility, personalized services, and the formation of positive shopping habits.

A novel method for identifying key genes in macroevolution based on deep learning with attention mechanism

Macroevolution can be regarded as the result of evolutionary changes of synergistically acting genes. Unfortunately, the importance of these genes in macroevolution is difficult to assess and hence the identification of macroevolutionary key genes is a major challenge in evolutionary biology. In this study, we designed various word embedding libraries of natural language processing (NLP) considering the multiple mechanisms of evolutionary genomics. A novel method (IKGM) based on three types of attention mechanisms (domain attention, kmer attention and fused attention) were proposed to calculate the weights of different genes in macroevolution. Taking 34 species of diurnal butterflies and nocturnal moths in Lepidoptera as an example, we identified a few of key genes with high weights, which annotated to the functions of circadian rhythms, sensory organs, as well as behavioral habits etc. This study not only provides a novel method to identify the key genes of macroevolution at the genomic level, but also helps us to understand the microevolution mechanisms of diurnal butterflies and nocturnal moths in Lepidoptera.

Host Records of Lipolexis oregmae Gahan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) with Food Plants in India (A Review Article)

The present review article deals the association of Lipolexis oregmae Gahan with their aphid host and their food plants for the possible use in biological control programme. Aphids are small sap sucking plant bugs and most important groups of phytophagous insect because of their polymorphism, host alternative heterocious behaviour and reproductive habits, they cause serious problems on agricultural and horticultural plants even at low densities so their management is necessary. L.oregmae Gahan is very important aphid parasitoids and widely distributed throughout the Asia and considered as an important parasitoids for the biological control programme. It has been successfully introduced in Florida and other areas. It is recorded on 19 aphid species (Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii, Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus, Aphis (Toxoptera) odinae, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis nerii, Aphis ruborum longisetosus, Aphis solanella, Aphis spiraecola, Greenidae formosana, Liosomaphis himalayensis, Myzus avenae, Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae, Sitobion avenae, Tuberolachnus salignu) in India on several specific host plants. Its maximum parasitization was recorded on Aphis gossypii infesting (23 host plants), followed by Aphis craccivora (19 host plants), Aphis nasturtii (16 host plants), Aphis spiraecola (13 host plants) and Myzus persicae (9 host plants).

Relation between learning process and morphology of transport tube network in plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum.

The question of whether a single-celled organism without a brain could have functions such as learning and memory has been the subject of much debate in recent years. The plasmodium of the true slime mold, Physarum polycephalum, is an ideal model organism for such a question. The plasmodium exhibits behaviors that resemble intelligence, including solving mazes, mimicking optimal rail transportation networks, predicting the weather, and solving traveling salesman problems. In addition, the plasmodium has recently been shown to have the simplest form of learning: habituation. In the experiments in which plasmodia were repeatedly allowed to cross bridges containing aversive chemicals, the habituation behavior has been confirmed. It has been shown that the habituation process involves chemicals that are stored internally. However, it is not clear how these chemicals result in change in the behavior of plasmodium during habituation learning. This study focused on the transport tube network formed in plasmodium during the above experiments. Then, the role of the network morphology in the habituation learning process was investigated. The results showed that the network morphology changes from tree to mesh type during habituation learning, and disrupting the learned network reduces habituation behavior. In addition, it was shown that the thickness oscillation frequency depends on the network morphology. The study found that in the plasmodium of P. polycephalum, a primitive organism without a brain, transport tube networks, instead of neuronal networks, play an important role in habituation learning and the resulting decision making.

Impact of covid-19 outbreak on the behavior of children and adolescents in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

With coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions and lockdown, children and adolescents have experienced emotional and physical isolation from family and community members. This isolation has a negative impact on children's and adolescents' mental health, physical health, and behavior. An online cross-sectional study of children and adolescents aged 5 to 11 years was conducted to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on their behavior, emotions, and sleep routines. A total of 413 participants, with a mean age of seven (217 boys and 195 girls), were included in the study. Most of the children were in primary school and lived with both parents. Boys and older children were found to have been fatigued during the pandemic. A significant association was found between the participants' age and regression, opposition, and adaptation behaviors. A significant increase in screen usage and decrease in children's physical activity after the outbreak were noted. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected children's and adolescents' psychosocial, behavioral, and physical habits. Government programs to support the mental and psychological well-being of children and adolescents should be encouraged. Social communication, physical activity, and collaborative games are also important factors.

An Analysis of Status Quo Bias and Its Applications in Behavioral Economics

Status quo bias is a common psychological bias in decision-making, and this kind of bias is strong enough to impact or bother peoples personal lives. So it is quite important to explore more about it. This article, through literature research and case analysis, indicates how the status quo bias comes out in aspects of brain science and how it applies to online medical services and consumer behavior. In conclusion, it was discovered that some signal changes in certain neurons in the brain lure people to accept the current situation. Besides, in terms of medical services, due to previous behavioral habits, people tend to ask for help at a local hospital rather than turn to online medical services. To reduce the status quo bias, service providers can increase the attractiveness of alternative options to the status quo. In terms of consumption, most irrational consumers will choose to ignore the free return policy when they shop. Merchants can take targeted measures, such as offering shipping insurance and significantly improving product quality, to fully explore the status quo bias.

ВІЗІЯ ІДЕАЛЬНОГО СВІТУ: КОНЦЕПЦІЯ «BROADACRE CITY» ФРЕНКА ЛЛОЙДА РАЙТА

In the first half of the 20th century, architects and urban planners actively sought alternative models of urban life, sought to rethink the anthropogenic environment. American architect F. Lloyd Wright proposed the «Broadacre City» concept, which was described in his book «The Disappearing City». This concept is a reflection of the author's utopian vision of improving the social system, ensuring the equality of citizens and moving away from overpopulated cities. The aim of this article is: to determine the main characteristics of F. Lloyd Wright's utopian concept «Broadacre city»; to highlight the architectural features of various types of buildings and structures; to compare his work with the works of utopians who could have an influence on the concept. F. Lloyd Wright proposes to give each citizen of the country a plot of 1 acre for housing and farming, and the rest of the territory to be evenly distributed among public buildings and structures, namely: airfields, power plants, hotels, offices, farms, factories, hospitals, public centers, schools and universities, shopping and entertainment centers and gas stations. The article highlighted the leading signs that demonstrate the utopian nature of the concept, namely: the presence of features of transcendentalism, egalitarianism, economic self-sufficiency of the proposed urban formations, decentralization and adaptability and flexibility of urban planning solutions. F. Lloyd Wright's work is compared with the works of utopians who could influence the concept of «Broadacre city»: R. Owen, S. Fourier, E. Cabet, E. Bellamy, W. Morris, E. Howard. This demonstrates that nominally this concept has all the features of a utopia, except for those that are not considered characteristic of architectural and urban development, namely: there is no clearly defined political ideology, no prediction of the behavioral habits of the inhabitants, and no carefully developed economic system.

Innovative Application of Visual Communication of Yi Lacquer Art under Internet Technology

Abstract Based on archaeological and historical data, this paper firstly researches and explains the source and flow of Yi lacquer art in Liangshan and proposes the visual communication innovation strategy of Yi lacquer art. Secondly, it uses Internet technology to collect images of Yi lacquer art, grayscale them on the basis of obtaining images of Yi lacquer art, and then facilitates the adaptive threshold method to realize the conversion of the bitmap into a vector map. Then, considering that the visual database pattern resource of Yi lacquer art contains not only pattern information but also color information, we constructed the visual communication database of Yi lacquer art images and carried out an example analysis of the visual communication of Yi lacquer art images based on adaptive thresholding method. The results show that the accuracy, precision, and DSC of R-AMRFCM are improved by 0.0978, 0.4537, and 0.5436, respectively, compared with the GSRG algorithm in algorithmic analysis. In the analysis of Yi lacquer art communication behaviors, behavioral cognition (t=−4.108, p<0.01), behavioral habit (t=−3.090, p<0.01), behavioral intention (t =−2.848, p<0.01), emotional experience (t=−2.277p<0.05), subjective criteria (t=−4.241, p<0.01), and attitude towards Yi lacquer art communication (t=−5.268, p<0.01) are all significantly different. This study optimizes the details of Yi lacquer art dissemination in Internet technology and effectively promotes the visual dissemination and high-quality development of Yi lacquer art.

Design of Micro Hydrokinetic Energy Harvester of Marine Animal Movement for Underwater Monitoring

The underwater mobile monitoring platform that utilizes marine animals as carriers provides a new solution to address the issues of short endurance, high costs, and bulky size associated with traditional underwater mobile monitoring platforms. Based on most marine animals that have the behavioral habit of long‐duration swimming, a micro hydrokinetic energy harvesting system is proposed. This system applies a miniature vertical‐axis water turbine as its energy conversion component. The hydrokinetic energy is derived from the relative movement between marine animals and the surrounding seawater. A conceptual design of a novel underwater mobile monitoring platform is presented. A finite element model of the external‐rotor permanent magnet synchronous generator is established to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the generator. Numerical simulation is utilized to conduct a comparative analysis of different diversion channel designs. Preliminary water tank experiments show that the designed micro energy harvester can effectively capture the hydrokinetic energy generated by water flow movement. The startup flow rate of the harvester is around 0.16 m s−1. The output power increases with the increase in water flow velocity, reaching a maximum value of ≈57 mW within the range of water flow rate of about 0.2–0.5 m s−1.

Anxiety sensitivity reduction-smoking cessation intervention among individuals who engage in dual cigarette and cannabis use: A secondary analysis

IntroductionCannabis use among individuals who smoke is prevalent in the general population and related to adverse health effects, including higher levels of interoceptive perturbation (i.e., a disturbance in internal experiences). An important aspect of smoking cessation among individuals who co-use cannabis is to address behavioral associations between physiological sensations and habitual behaviors via integrated treatments focused on reducing reactivity to internal perturbations such as anxiety sensitivity (i.e., the belief that such symptoms produce personal harm). MethodsThe current study involved a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of an integrated anxiety sensitivity-smoking cessation intervention compared to standard smoking cessation. The current study sought to extend findings from the initial trial to examine if the integrated intervention produced better smoking cessation outcomes than standard care among individuals who engage in dual cigarette and cannabis use. Participants were 149 adults who engage in dual cigarette and cannabis use (41.6 % female; Mage = 30.89, SD = 13.1). ResultsResults indicated that the anxiety sensitivity intervention produced statistically significant differences in distal (long-term) smoking abstinence at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up assessments but not proximal (short-term; quit-week to 2-weeks) smoking abstinence. ConclusionsOverall, the potential of an integrated anxiety sensitivity smoking cessation intervention to yield better long-term smoking abstinence rates than standard cessation treatment among individuals who engage in dual cigarette and cannabis use is clinically significant.

PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN MODERASI BERAGAMA PADA ANAK USIA DINI

The purpose of this study is to describe the role played by parents in an effort to develop religious moderation in early childhood within the family sphere. The method used in this research is qualitative with a literature study approach. The literature used is books and articles about religious moderation in early childhood. Data collection techniques are carried out by exploring matters or variables related to religious moderation and the involvement of parents and early childhood in it. The data analysis technique used is a content analysis model on data obtained from readings on religious moderation in early childhood. The study results show that the values of religious moderation instilled in early childhood are national commitment, tolerance, anti-radicalism, and accommodative. The forms of the role of parents in the development of religious moderation in early childhood are media filters used by children, telling the good stories of the Prophets and Apostles, teaching respect, respect, and tolerance with others, and setting an example through example and habituation of good behavior.

Associations between sleep habits, quality, chronotype and depression in a large cross-sectional sample of Swedish adolescents.

To investigate behavioral sleep habits, self-perceived quality of sleep, and chronotype, and to examine their association with clinically relevant levels of depression in Swedish adolescents. Questionnaire data were obtained from a representative sample of Swedish adolescents (n = 8449; 50.8% girls; aged 12-16). Depression was defined as >13 BDI-II scores. Logistic regression modelling estimated the effects of sleep duration, sleep quality, and chronotype on depression, adjusted for socio-demographic factors. On weekdays, approximately 46% of adolescents slept less than the recommended length of eight hours per night (depressed: 68%, non-depressed: 40%). On weekends, however, only 17% slept shorter than recommended. Short weekday sleep duration was more common among girls than boys (53% vs. 38%) and girls reported worse sleep quality. The regression model showed that depression was predicted by weekday sleep duration (OR = 0.773, p < .0001), sleep quality (OR = 0.327, p < .0001), and late chronotype (OR = 1.126, p = .0017), but not by weekend sleep duration. A 30-minute increase in weekday sleep duration was associated with about 10% lower odds of depression. A substantial proportion of Swedish adolescents do not seem to meet the sleep recommendations of eight hours per night. Short sleep duration on weekdays, poor sleep quality, and late chronotype were associated with increased risk of depression. Interventions promoting longer weekday sleep duration (e.g., later school start times) seem relevant in this context, but further research is needed to investigate the directionality and underlying mechanisms of these associations.

The Impact of Emotions on Habitual Inhibition.

Emotional information prioritizes human behavior. How much emotions influence ongoing behavior critically depends on the extent of executive control functions in a given context. One form of executive control is based on stimulus-stop associations (i.e., habitual inhibition) that rapidly and effortlessly elicits control over the interruption of ongoing behavior. So far, no behavioral accounts have explored the emotional impact on habitual inhibition. We aimed to examine the emotional modulation on habitual inhibition and associated psycho-physiological changes. A go/no-go association task asked participants to learn stimulus-stop and stimulus-response associations during 10-day training to form habitual inhibition (without emotional interference). Probabilistic feedback guided learning with varying probabilities of congruent feedback, generating stronger versus weaker pairings. A reversal test measured habitual inhibition strength counteracted by emotional cues (high-arousal positive and negative stimuli compared with neutral ones). Our training protocol induced stable behavioral and psycho-physiological responses compatible with habitual behavior. At reversal, habitual inhibition was evident as marked by significant speed costs of reversed no-go trials for strongly associated stimuli. Positive and negative emotional cues produced larger impact on habitual inhibition. We report first evidence on a cognitive control mechanism that is vulnerable to emotional stimuli and suggest alternative explanations on how emotions may boost or counteract certain behavioral abnormalities mediated by habitual inhibition.