Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex global health challenge with significant, yet underutilized economic dimensions. Beyond the clinical aspect, this growing threat demands interdisciplinary solutions that bridge economic theory and practice. This scoping review synthesizes economic perspectives on AMR through systematic analysis from Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, EconLit, and PubMed (December 2023 to June 2025). We examine four critical domains: (1) foundational economic theories explaining AMR drivers through public goods theory, tragedy of commons, externalities, and market failures; (2) real-world market dynamics including supply-demand imbalances and principal-agent relationships in clinical settings; (3) policy interventions spanning regulatory frameworks, fiscal measures, and behavioral economics applications in antimicrobial stewardship; and (4) economic evaluation methodologies encompassing descriptive, evaluative, and predictive analyses. Our analysis reveals how theoretical economic frameworks arise in healthcare practice and why comprehensive multi-component interventions outperform single-approach strategies. Sustainable AMR mitigation requires fundamentally rethinking policy design through these interconnected economic lenses, transitioning from fragmented interventions to economically coherent frameworks that align short-term clinical decisions with long-term antimicrobial preservation. These changes demand unprecedented collaboration between economists, clinicians, and policymakers to align individual incentives with collective health security.

This study outlines the decision-making process under risk considering the psychological aspects of the decision-maker. The aim is to construct a principle of an optimal decision for an individual decision-maker. The study considers a finite, d iscrete s et o f a cceptable decisions, a set of possible world states and a system of probabilities of these states (where the probabilities are either known or subjectively estimated by the decision-maker), and a utility matrix of making each decision in particular world states. The proposed process of optimizing the decision addresses not only the rationality of the person making but also emotional aspects of the person making the decision. Rationality is represented by the value of the utility function of the benefits resulting from making a decision in a possible world state. The behavioral part of the model involves two emotions important to decision-making: regret over making a decision that brought less utility than possible in the given conditions and satisfaction with the choice which proved better than the worst option. The first e motion is represented by the regret function and the other by the satisfaction function. New notions are defined: relative utility and expected relative utility of particular decisions used to construct the principle of an optimal decision under risk. The presented theory thus supplements the prospect theory, as it accounts for regret and satisfaction in the decision-making process under risk. This idea is part of behavioral economics, yet not standing in opposition to classical economics. Its advantage is that it considers both psychological and rational factors in the decision-making process.

This study examines how concepts from Behavioural Economics (BE) can provide insights into the factors influencing decisions to seek help for hearing difficulties from a hearing health professional. A qualitative approach was used, involving semi-structured interviews with individuals experiencing hearing difficulties who had not yet sought help from a hearing health professional. Thematic analysis was conducted, and responses were interpreted using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Attention, Belief formation, Choice, Determination (ABCD) framework in conjunction with BE principles to explore cognitive and contextual influences to getting hearing help. Fifteen participants (aged 57-81, mean age 68 years) were recruited through targeted advertisements. All participants reported noticing hearing difficulties but had not undergone formal hearing assessments or used hearing aids. Participants often minimised the importance of their hearing difficulties, attributing them to ageing or external factors, and described reliance on coping strategies as sufficient for managing daily communication. Perceptions of stigma, uncertainty about the help-seeking process, and beliefs about the thresholds for needing professional help appeared to influence delays in action. While participants expressed intentions to seek help in the future, their responses reflected a tendency to defer action. Many of these barriers are representative of cognitive biases, including the attribution of personal deficiencies to external factors, and the desire to minimise losses over gains. Applying a BE perspective to hearing health help-seeking decisions offers a nuanced understanding of the psychological and contextual barriers to help-seeking. Interventions that raise awareness of hearing difficulties and reframe help-seeking in ways that address cognitive biases may support earlier engagement with hearing services.

Behavioral economics of climate action

Supervised exercise therapy improves walking performance in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), but few participate. Interventions leveraging concepts from behavioral economics increase physical activity in patients at high cardiovascular risk, but barriers to physical activity differ in patients with PAD. In this randomized controlled trial, conducted from October 2020 through January 2024, patients with PAD were provided with a wearable fitness tracker, established a baseline daily step count, and set a step goal increase. They were randomly assigned to attention control or to gamification. The control group received feedback from the fitness tracker but no other interventions for 24 weeks. The gamification group was entered into a 16-week game designed using insights from behavioral economics and received educational text messages. No intervention occurred during an 8-week postintervention follow-up period. A total of 103 patients (mean age, 70±9 years; 54 [52%] men, 74 (72%) with exertional lower extremity symptoms) were randomized to attention control (n=52) or gamification (n=51). Compared with controls, gamification participants had a greater increase in mean daily steps from baseline during the intervention period (adjusted difference, 920 [95% CI, -22 to 1861]; P=0.06) that became statistically significant during the follow-up period (adjusted difference, 1074 [95% CI, 133-2015]; P=0.03). In this randomized clinical trial, gamification increased physical activity compared with attention control over a 24-week follow-up. This intervention may represent a scalable approach for increasing physical activity in patients with PAD who are not able to participate in supervised exercise therapy. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04536012; Unique Identifier: NCT04536012.

Purpose This research aims to evaluate the success of using business process management system (BPMS) as knowledge management system (KMS) by assessing user satisfaction and perceived usefulness. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on survey data collected from employees in 12 commercial companies, yielding 242 valid responses. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is employed to test a conceptual model derived from the updated information system success model (ISSM). Our model incorporates constructs related to system quality, service quality, information and knowledge quality, system use, user satisfaction and perceived usefulness. Findings The results confirm that service quality and information and knowledge quality significantly influence the use of BPMS for KM. Furthermore, system use and user satisfaction are found to be strong predictors of perceived usefulness. Originality/value While previous research has highlighted the relevance of BPMS for process management and acknowledged the importance of KM in these contexts, few studies have examined the role of BPMS in directly supporting KM. This study contributes novel insights by clarifying the impact of service quality on system use and by revealing how this usage influences user satisfaction and the perceived usefulness of BPMS for KM. Beyond this, our work advances theory by reversing the conventional causal ordering. Specifically, we position user satisfaction as a driver rather than an outcome of perceived usefulness, highlighting that positive user experiences shape perceptions of utility. This reinterpretation builds on insights from organizational psychology, behavioral economics and knowledge-based view, offering a solid basis for rethinking BPMS adoption dynamics.

Short-term mindsets: Beyond traits and self-regulation.

Cooperation in structured populations via coupled reputation and learning: A spatial evolutionary game approach.

Some prior studies of item recognition, source recognition, and judgments of learning have produced evidence of framing effects in episodic memory. A theoretical consequence of these phenomena is that emotional arousal is not a necessary condition for framing effects because, unlike the classic framing effects of social psychology and behavioral economics, different memory frames are not designed to stimulate different emotional reactions. However, a review of available evidence on framing effects in item recognition revealed that the data were inconsistent for old items and nonexistent for similar distractors. We attempted to secure definitive evidence of whether these types of items display framing effects by analyzing a corpus of 478 sets of data, in which old items and similar distractors are factorially crossed with old? and similar? recognition frames. Both types of items exhibited large framing effects: Recognition was far more accurate for similar items than for old items when probes asked if test items were old, whereas recognition was more accurate for old items than for similar items when probes asked if test items were similar. There was a frame-independence effect, too, such that accuracy in one memory frame was dissociated from accuracy in the other frame. The conjoint-recognition model predicted both the core memory framing effect and its direction (superior recognition of similar distractors in the old? frame but superior recognition of old items in the similar? frame). The model also explained frame independence as a by-product of between-frame differences in how three retrieval processes (true recollection, false recollection, and semantic familiarity) affect accuracy in the different frames. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Overpayments are common in money allocation and trading, creating advantageous inequity for recipients. The literature on behavioral economics, developmental psychology, and social psychology shows that recipients show aversion to advantageous inequity, suggesting that they are also averse to overpayment. However, can observers accurately predict how much recipients are averse to overpayments? Drawing on theories of advantageous inequity, psychological distance, and accessibility, we show that observers overestimate the satisfaction of those who are overpaid (Study 1) and underestimate the amount of overpayment that recipients return to the allocator (Study 2). This misprediction occurs because observers focus more on benefit acquisition and less on equity violations than do recipients (Study 3). Encouraging observers to take the recipient perspective reduces this overestimation (Study 4). This overestimation is also mitigated when recipients’ overpayments do not cause underpayments to others in similar positions (Study 5) and when recipients receive more payments than others due to their greater contributions (Study 6). The current research contributes to the literature on advantageous-inequity aversion, equity perception, and misprediction. It also has implications for policymakers, managers, and marketers.

Advancing openness in economic research through the lens of behavioral and experimental economics

Bridging the gap: Advancing behavioral economics and climate change research in developing countries

Wealth accumulation, financial asset diversification, and future confidence: a behavioural economics perspective

To identify theoretical gaps, this study analyses the literature on the adoption of digital payments in emerging markets. Using a focused bibliometric mapping approach, we analyzed 30 high-quality Scopus-indexed articles (2018-2025) selected through a rigorous PRISMA 2020 protocol with quality scoring (threshold ≥60/100). This purposive selection enables in-depth mapping of the intersection between digital payment adoption, bounded rationality, and economic barriers, a specific gap that has not been systematically examined previously. The results show that publications increased by 34.59% per year, with international collaboration accounting for 43.33% of the growth. Research was dominated by contributions from India (23%), South Africa (17%), and Saudi Arabia (13%). The thematic structure was organized into three clusters: fintech and financial inclusion, UTAUT2 and mobile payments, and consumer behavior factors. Key findings suggest that research continues to rely on conventional technology adoption models, with limited integration of bounded rationality perspectives and structural economic barriers. Longitudinal studies and temporal dynamics are still scarce. This study recommends a research agenda that integrates behavioural economics with the economic realities of emerging markets to support more effective digital financial inclusion policies.

This study investigates the relationship between the governance structures, sectoral innovations, and cultural traits guiding sustainability transitions, focusing on India and China's energy sectors. It employs a Sequential Integrated Framework Design to examine the impact of centralized and decentralized governance models on the diffusion and diffusion of sustainable business models (SBMs). The findings conclude that China's concentrated governance enables rapid scalability of large-scale renewable projects, while India's decentralized system ignites innovation for localization and adaptability at the grassroots level. Sector innovations become critical links in how governance dials it forward to measurable sustainability. These associations are buffered via cultural and behavioral factors, underscoring the essential need for governance systems in a socio-cultural context. This study complements and extends institutional theory, innovation diffusion theory, and behavioral economics by leveraging governance, innovativeness, and cultural dimensions into one framework.

Abstract The anchoring effect is one of the cognitive biases studied within the phenomena observed in psychology and behavioral economics. Through the anchoring effect, human judgments and decisions can be suboptimal due to excessive focus on random information. This phenomenon plays a significant role in many aspects of social and economic life, including the real estate market, leading to incorrect decisions among both consumers and professionals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the anchoring effect on decisions regarding the value of a random apartment among Polish specialists in real estate market, based on a simplified description of the apartment. The research group included real estate valuators, real estate brokers, real estate managers, and academicians. The sample size included 170 respondents. The research showed that the effect of “anchors” is evident in every professional group, regardless of the type of services provided, educational background, or years of professional experience. The anchoring index among the surveyed group was 46 percent. The study confirms that expertise in real estate market does not guarantee unbiased assessment, and therefore, there is a need to conduct the process of real estate evaluation in a careful way to increase the chances of obtaining trustworthy results.

This article examines how behavioral public law, an interdisciplinary approach that combines legal analysis with insights from behavioral economics, can contribute to the design of more effective, affordable, and sustainable housing policies. It explores the potential of _nudging_ strategies such as choice architecture, default options, and social norm activation to influence housing-related decisions without limiting individual autonomy. Through a critical review of the theoretical literature and empirical case studies, this study identifies five key dimensions for integrating behavioral insights into housing governance: type of nudge, level of intervention, stakeholder involvement, contextual conditions, and legal-ethical safeguards. The analysis reveals that while nudges can enhance policy effectiveness in areas such as energy efficiency, rent compliance, and equitable access, their success is highly context-dependent and contingent on adequate legal regulations and transparency. This study argues for a balanced approach that embeds behavioral tools within broader regulatory and participatory frameworks to ensure ethical legitimacy, inclusiveness, and long-term impact. It aims to contribute to advancing behavioral public law as a robust methodology for addressing complex housing challenges by offering a structured analytical framework and highlighting the promises and limitations of behavioral interventions.

This article focuses on the application of behavioural economics and its nudge theory in unused medicine disposal. Although regulated by law, some users ignore these regulations, which brings social losses, resulting in increased consumption, excessive accumulation and negative externalities due to environmental contamination. The research examines the impact of nudging by additional information on the return of unused medicines to the pharmacy in the Slovak Republic. Based on the empirical analysis, this article concludes that nudging had a positive impact on users’ behaviour. Respondents who were provided with additional information on drug handling showed a 10% increase in the claimed return on unused and expired medicine compared to the control group, which was not nudged. The outcomes show that nudging by additional information can be a supporting instrument how to increase the efficient handling of unused medicines.

In today’s world, where environmental awareness and sustainable consumption are becoming global priorities, green marketing plays a vital role in influencing consumer behavior and business strategies. This paper discusses the relationship between green marketing and consumer purchasing behavior using a behavioral economics lens. A systematic literature review was used and followed the PRISMA guidelines in processing peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025, resulting in a review of 144 studies across 41 countries. Relevant studies were gathered from Google Scholar and Mendeley databases. Results established that altruism, trust, knowledge and socially constructed norms have a stronger impact on the green purchasing decision than price and convenience. Nudge Theory has proven sufficient by recognizing the role of labeling of the environment, default options, and open communication convention to develop sustainable decisions. Generally, eco-branding, eco-packaging, and eco-labeling increase consumer loyalty and reduce the attitude-behavioral gap, indicating that the behavioral information may support the maintenance of sustainable consumption behavior and increase competitiveness of firms. Overall, the findings emphasize that understanding behavioral motivations through green marketing can contribute to achieving sustainable consumer practices and environmental protection worldwide.

This research examines the role of reward systems in enhancing cooperation, particularly when individual contributions are not fully transparent. We investigate the impact of reward mechanisms on cooperative behavior using an experimental setup known as the Voluntary Contribution Mechanism with Rewards. Our experimental design compares centralized reward (CR) systems, where an authority distributes rewards, with decentralized reward (DR) systems, where peers allocate rewards, against a no-reward baseline. The results reveal that CR generally promotes the highest level of cooperation, whereas DR achieves the greatest economic efficiency across all test environments. Participants also exhibited a strong preference for CR. These findings contribute to the existing literature by highlighting the effectiveness of reward systems in mitigating social dilemmas under conditions of imperfect information. The study offers vital insights for policymakers and organizational members in selecting incentive mechanisms that foster sustained collective action, even when individual efforts are not directly observable. This paper was accepted by Dorothea Kubler, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72503075 and 72203132]; the National Social Science Foundation of China [Grants 20AZD044, 22&ZD150, and 24&ZD084]; the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [Grants ZR2023QG096, ZR2023QG071, ZR2022MG068, and ZR2022QG048]; the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province [Grant tsqn201909013 and tsqn202408212]; and the Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of Shandong University [Grant 21RWZD15] is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2024.06479 .