Working Behavior Research Articles

Comparative Study on Snacking Behaviour and Pattern of Working and Non-Working Women of Hisar City, India

The present study was conducted to assess and compare the snacking behavior of working and non-working women of Hisar City. The aim of the present study was to compare snacking behavior of working and non-working women of Hisar City. For this study, a sample of one hundred and twenty women in age 25-45 years, 60 each working and non-working women were drawn randomly from Hisar city. The sample of working women included 20 each engineer, advocates, and teaching professionals. Non-working women were selected having an income, and age similar to their counterparts. Information on snacking behavior like the preference for snacks over regular meals, time and place of snacking, types of snacks taken, and source of procuring snacks, etc. were recorded in the questionnaire. The data indicated that mere 15 percent of working and 23.3 percent of non-working women preferred snacks over regular meals. The majority (90.0%) of respondents preferred to take salty snacks followed by sweet (85.0%) and sweet and salty (56.7%). The result revealed that non-working women have more cravings for snacks than working women but they prefer more of homemade snacks to outside snacks.

Digital Knowledge Sharing and Work Creativity while working from home during the COVID-19 Pandemic Settings: Evidence from Lebanese Teleworkers

COVID-19 imposed a new working behavior. As governments imposed national confinements to contain the virus, companies shifted towards WFH – Working from Home further relying on digital applications to facilitate the exchange of work-related information and digital knowledge sharing (DKS) among co-workers. Although many scholars outlined the influence of DKS on the Creative Performance (CP) of knowledgeable teleworkers according to previous research, WFH was considered as optional work behavior, while it has become a reality during COVID-19. Thus, this paper aims to elucidate the various, still unexplored aspects of working from home, reassessing the correlation between DKS and CP next to studying the possible influence of contextual factors (organizational climate, individual factors, and demographics) on both DKS and teleworkers’ CP. In this context, a cross-sectional survey was distributed online to 263 Lebanese teleworkers. The study settles that digital technology is a pivotal factor in affecting employees’ digital knowledge sharing and therefore overall business performance as well and highlights the need to develop new theoretical approaches specific for the working from home (WFH) context.

Theory-based Trial to Promote Uptake and Sustained Use of Face Coverings During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Transmission of airborne viruses can be mitigated by wearing face coverings but evidence suggests that face covering declines with the removal of relevant legislation, partly due to low automatic motivation. Test whether an intervention based on implementation intentions could support people's automatic motivation and promote face covering during the COVID-19 pandemic. Randomized controlled design. At baseline (May 20 to June 6, 2022), 7,835 UK adults reported how much time they spent wearing face coverings in work, public transport, and indoor leisure settings as well as their capabilities, opportunities, and motivations. 3,871 participants were randomized to form implementation intentions; 3,964 control participants completed questionnaires only. Measures were repeated 6 months postbaseline (November 1 to November 14, 2022). Data were analyzed using mixed measures ANOVAs and Bayes Factors to examine whether the observed data supported the experimental hypothesis. The proportion of time spend wearing face coverings declined substantially across the 6-month study period, from 15.28% to 9.87% in work settings, 38.31% to 24.55% on public transport, and 9.58% to 7.85% in leisure settings. Bayes Factors indicated moderate relative evidence of no effect of implementation intentions on behavior in work and leisure settings, and inconclusive evidence of a positive effect on public transport. In the context of declining COVID-19 rates and removal of legal mandates, implementation intentions were not effective in sustaining face covering. Further research is required to ensure that evidence-based interventions are prepared and deployed in the event of future pandemics.

Design and Analysis of Ventilated Disc Brake by Using Different Materials: A Review

Abstract: Disc rotor is component which is used in automotive vehicle wheels to apply brakes, the concept which works during brake is frictional resistance between pad and rotor. Due to frictional resistance the heat gets generated between disc and pad so, in order to reduce the effect of heat the rotor is designed as ventilated disc. The common material which is used to manufacture the disc rotor is Grey Cast Iron. The purpose of this review paper is to study the behavior and kinds of work has been done before on Disc Brake and based on this review paper we have decided to do structural analysis on disc brake rotor using different materials like GREY CAST IRON, TITANIUM, MAGNESIUM ALLOY, ALUMINUM ALLOY, and STRUCTURAL STEEL and then compare the results of different materials with conventional material (GREY CAST IRON) that is usually used in disc brake rotor. The analysis will be done by using CATIA for modeling and ANSYS WORKBENCH 18.0 for structural analysis. Based on previous research the objective of this review paper is “Design and analysis of ventilated disc brake by using different materials”

The relationship between performance appraisal interval and employees' proactive working behavior - analysis based on time-gain effect and time-loss effect.

Performance appraisal is the most widely motivation means for employees' initiative and work improvement. As a large number of organizations are moving from traditional annual performance appraisal to more frequent appraisals, there is little research to compare the motivational effect of different performance appraisal intervals. We explore the relationship between performance appraisal interval (PAI) and positive work behavior (PWB) as well as how to improve the relationship between them. Drawing from the psychological momentum (PM) theory, we constructed a model of the dual effect (the time-gain effect and time-loss effect) of PAI on PWB as well as their boundary conditions. A cross-level analysis of 622 employees in 57 teams indicated that: (1) PAI exerted a positive but marginal decreasing effect on delay of gratification (DG), and then increase PWB indirectly (i.e., the time-gain effect). (2) PAI exerted a positive and marginal increasing effect on perceived uncertainty (PU), and then decrease PWB indirectly (i.e., the time-loss effect). (3) According to the additive principle of the benefit and cost proposed by Hanns et al (2016), the addition of the time-gain effect and time-loss effect leads to an inverted U-shape effect of PAI on PWB. (4) Supervisor developmental feedback (SDF) moderated the inverted U-shape effect of PAI on PWB. This research enriches the application of PM theory in performance appraisal research, advances employee proactivity research from a perspective of organizations' time mechanisms, and also provides a theoretical basis for leaders to adopt developmental feedback as an optimization strategy.

Investigation of the factors forming the attitude of construction workers to unsafe behavior in work

Relevance. The high injury rate of construction industry workers has been a constant problem for many years. The most common direct cause of injury to workers is their own unsafe behavior when performing work. Identification of personal factors that form the attitude of a person to unsafe behavior is the beginning of effective implementation of safety programs in construction projects and taking measures to prevent traumatic situations. The purpose of the study: to study the installation on unsafe behavior of construction workers. Private tasks: to study the personal attitude and perception of occupational hazards of employees of organiza-tions in the construction industry; to investigate the levels of severity of the three main components of a person's pre-disposition to unsafe activities: cognitive, affective and behavioral.Methodology. The study was carried out by anonymous questionnaire using specially designed question-naires. The questions focus on identifying the characteristics of the attitude to hazards and the behavior of employ-ees that can directly affect occupational safety and cause injuries.Results. According to the responses of employees, high-quality material was obtained to identify and systema-tize the factors that determine their unsafe behavior in the industrial environment.Conclusion. The results obtained objectively indicate that the ideas about the danger of the production envi-ronment do not correspond to reality and are factors of unsafe behavior of workers. The formed attitude does not al-low the subject to make adequate decisions and control his activities. In the personnel management system of the organization, it is necessary to develop training programs in the aspect of occupational safety, the implementation of which in the training process will contribute to the formation of an attitude to the safe behavior of employees and the reduction of dangerous incidents ending in injuries.

Hybrid Mahalanobis Taguchi System with Binary Whale Optimisation Feature Selection for the Wisconsin Breast Cancer Dataset

The Mahalanobis-Taguchi System (MTS) is a statistical approach used in breast cancer research to facilitate early detection and promote efficient treatment. The technique analyses mammogram images for significant features using a multivariate statistical analysis technique. It combines the Mahalanobis distance (MD) and Taguchi's method to determine the differences between benign and malignant samples. While orthogonal array (OA) has been widely used in MTS, it has been criticised for providing suboptimal results due to insufficient coverage of feature combinations during the feature optimisation process. To address this issue, the Binary Whale Optimisation Algorithm (BWOA) is proposed as an improved search algorithm for MTS. This paper aims to develop a novel hybrid method that enhances the efficiency of the Mahalanobis Taguchi System (MTS). The performance of feature selection ability due to different MTS hybrid algorithms were also compared. BWOA simulates the hunting behaviour of humpback whales and works by exploring new regions of the solution space, gradually narrowing the search space, and fine-tuning the solution. MTS-BWOA demonstrated its enhanced capability in feature optimisation compared to traditional MTS methods and has the potential to be applied in other medical imaging domains.

Hot working and microstructural response of ultrasonically fabricated 2 wt%ZrB2/AA7068 composite

Hot compression is an efficient and widely accepted route for optimizing the microstructural characteristics of metallic materials; thus, understanding hot deformation response is essential for producing the upgraded material. The present research investigated the hot working behaviour of ultrasonically fabricated in-situ 2 wt%ZrB2/AA7068 composite to obtain a dendrite-free microstructure after single-step compression. Compression response is studied in the broad thermomechanical range of T = 250–450 °C and ε̇=0.001-1 s−1. The true stress-true strain of the deformed specimens increases with an increase in the deformation rate and a decrease in temperature. The constitutive equation was established, which precisely predicted the flow behaviour of the material. A 3-dimensional workability map was plotted to study the workability with increasing strain. The workability map has displayed the highest power dissipation efficiency of 39 % in the domain of 433–450 °C, 0.04–0.01 s−1. Hot forging simulation through DEFORM-3D indicated a higher effective strain in the centre of the deformed specimens. EBSD IPF and GOS micrograph illustrated strained microstructure at lower temperatures ≤ 375 °C, ≤ 0.1 s−1, whereas fair recrystallization was observed at 375 °C, 0.001 ≤ ε̇≤ 0.01 s−1. The dynamic softening indicated the occurrence of DRV and CDRX. Additionally, the occurrence of PSN was also observed in the deformed microstructure. After hot working, the best-working region for a dendritic-free microstructure is recognized in 380–450 °C, 0.001–0.5 s−1. Microstructural evolution and workability map were in line with each other.

Inclusive Leadership and Psychological Contract Fulfilment: A Source of Proactivity and Well-Being for Knowledge Workers

Proactivity is a particularly important attribute of knowledge-intensive companies, where work that requires enhancing the potential of knowledge-intensive employees in a sustainable working environment is crucial. Another important challenge for these firms is to account for the increasing importance of the functioning of the cognitive mechanisms leading to the increased well-being of knowledge workers following the implementation of a psychological contract. The aim of this article is to identify the relationship between inclusive leadership, the fulfilment of a psychological contract, two dimensions of well-being (workplace and life-related well-being), and knowledge workers’ proactivity. Based on survey data collected using the CAWI method from 1000 knowledge workers employed in Polish companies in the business services sector, the research hypotheses proposed in this study were tested using a stepwise equation-modelling (SEM) technique, which resulted in a model containing all the main constructs. The results obtained indicate that inclusive leadership positively relates to the fulfilment of the psychological contract. Furthermore, the fulfilment of the psychological contract positively associates proactive working behavior with the wellbeing of knowledge workers. Along with proactive work behavior, two dimensions of well-being were examined as outcome variables. Our analysis also shows that knowledge-intensive organizations, intending to develop the proactivity of their employees and nurture a high level of well-being in their lives and in the workplace, should ensure that they fulfil the expectations and obligations of the psychological contract. One way to achieve this is for managers to employ an inclusive management style, which supports an atmosphere of a safe working environment in a diverse setting and allows employees to feel comfortable sharing their opinions and ideas. The study of inclusive leadership in the context of knowledge-intensive organizations provides human resource professionals and employee managers with important insights into how inclusive leadership can effectively contribute to the psychological contract, which, consequently, will lead to proactive work behavior and improve employees’ workplace and life-related well-being.

Product Quality Optimization by Applying the Six Sigma Methodology: DMAIC in CV XYZ (A Case Study of an Indonesian Subcontractor Company)

Reflecting the increasing demand in the motorcycle industry, it requires brands to sustain their product quality to meet customer satisfaction. The quality of the end product depends on the quality of spare parts. Hence, local suppliers were critical in ensuring the product quality is fulfilled. This research is limited only to CV XYZ which is known as a motorcycle spare part third-party supplier that is based in Cimahi, Indonesia. Recently, they faced decreasing customer trust because they obtained a “D” score in Performance Quality written in the Performance Supplier Report January 2023 that is sent by one of their customers. This research aims to identify solutions for the improvement of product quality. The Six Sigma Methodology DMAIC is the basis of this problem-solving research. The author utilizes historical data and undertakes the recommendation given by the previous study in literature reviews. The analysis proved that the process needs repair according to Performance Supplier Report. Three root causes of the issue with the shaper tools were overused, hasty working behavior, and lack of a monitoring system. Currently, these root causes were improperly handled. So, solutions proposed include reconditioning and scheduling, job rotation procedures, and the Poka-Yoke: Cleaning Numerator.

Pulling through together: social media response trajectories in disaster-stricken communities

Disasters are extraordinary shocks that disrupt every aspect of the community life. Lives are lost, infrastructure is destroyed, the social fabric is torn apart, and people are left with physical and psychological trauma. In the aftermath of a disaster, communities begin the collective process of healing, grieving losses, repairing damage, and adapting to a new reality. Previous work has suggested the existence of a series of prototypical stages through which such community responses evolve. As social media have become more widely used, affected communities have increasingly adopted them to express, navigate, and build their response due to the greater visibility and speed of interaction that these platforms afford. In this study, we ask if the behavior of disaster-struck communities on social media follows prototypical patterns and what relationship, if any, these patterns may have with those established for offline behavior in previous work. Building on theoretical models of disaster response, we investigate whether, in the short term, community responses on social media in the aftermath of disasters follow a prototypical trajectory. We conduct our analysis using computational methods to model over 200 disaster-stricken U.S. communities. Community responses are measured in a range of domains, including psychological, social, and sense-making, and as multidimensional time series derived from the linguistic markers in tweets from those communities. We find that community responses on Twitter demonstrate similar response patterns across numerous social, aspirational, and physical dynamics. Additionally, through cluster analysis, we demonstrate that a minority of communities are characterized by more intense and enduring emotional coping strategies and sense-making. In this investigation of the relationship between community response and intrinsic properties of disasters, we reveal that the severity of the impact makes the deviant trajectory more likely, while the type and duration of a disaster are not associated with it.

Machine Vision and Encoded Behaviour in Harun Farocki's Later Work

Harun Farocki's films make use of a category of images the director calls “operational”, a term describing images, either photographic or computer-generated, that perform or participate in tasks, usually in military or industrial settings. Treatments of Farocki's films have frequently used the notion of the operational image uncritically, and without comparing Farocki's definition of these images with existing semiotic categories. This article seeks to situate Farocki's operational imagery within a theory of visual communication, and to explore the implications of automated and instrumental imagery for theories of communication in general. Abandoning the focus in much Farocki scholarship on the representative properties of operational imagery, this article focuses on the world-shaping abilities of images that are integral to war and labour. Drawing primarily on Farocki's Eye / Machine I–III series ( Auge / Maschine, 2000–2003) the article then elaborates on the ways in which the world-shaping capacity of operational images conditions human perception and action. In particular, the limitations imposed by operational images upon human actors who interact with them, or live in environments orchestrated by them, reduce the essential role played by indeterminacy and interpretation in communication.

Exploring the person-organization fit and organizational citizenship behavior of academic staff working in the south-west Nigerian public universities

The study examined the effect of person-organization fit and organizational citizenship behavior of academic staff working in southwest Nigerian Public Universities. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design method. A sample size of 400 employees of the selected universities in South-West Nigeria was chosen from a total population of 8,540 employees. The stratified random sampling technique was adopted for the study. The Work Engagement Scale (WES), Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Checklist (OCBC), Personal Values Scale (PVS), and Value Congruence Scale were used to collect data (VCS). The statistical techniques used for data analysis were descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. All analysis was done using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 25. Findings showed that value congruence (Coef. = 0.1770, P = 0.010), personality congruence (Coef. = 0.3400, P = 0.000), and work engagement congruence (Coef. = 0.1630, P = 0.001), have significant and positive effects on organizational citizenship behavior. Findings showed that 25.8% of the change in organizational citizenship behaviour was brought about by the dimensions of person-organization fit. The study concluded that person-organization fit has a significant positive effect on the organizational citizenship behaviour of academic staff working in South-Western Public Universities. The study recommended amongst others that qualified individuals with strong organizational fit and moral character are to be chosen for placement in the academic staff cadre structure of universities. The study established that value congruence, personality congruence, and work engagement congruence contribute significantly to organizational citizenship behavior of academic staff in the south-west Nigerian Public Universities.

Analysis of Worm Deformation Behavior of GH2132 Superalloy

GH2132 superalloy performances excellent properties, such as the good rupture strength and yield strength below 923K, the fine processing plasticity and the good welding properties. The warm working behavior of GH2132 superalloy at 673 K – 773K is investigated by a thermal simulator in this paper. The results show that the worm working effects at the center of specimen is the most significant compared with other positions. The deformation temperature and strain rate is the key parameters significantly affecting the warm working behavior. The increase of the temperature enhances the recovery softening effect, which reduces the stress and the work hardening effect slightly. The deformation heat is significant with the increasing strain rate, which results in the work hardening behavior does not change markedly. This study provides an important reference for the worm forming of GH2132 superalloy.

Third-Wave Treatments for Impulsivity in Addictive Disorders: a Narrative Review of the Active Ingredients and Overall Efficacy

The goal of this review was to (1) synthesize recent studies that have examined impulsive behaviors in third-wave behavioral treatments, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness-Based Interventions, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and (2) examine the efficacy of these third-wave treatments in modifying impulsivity among individuals with addictive disorders. Recent studies indicate the potential for third-wave treatments in both treating addictive disorders and targeting the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms of impulsivity. Concerns around the conceptualization of impulsivity as a construct warrant the use of improved measurement of impulsive behaviors in future work. Through shared emphases on mindfulness, acceptance, and emotion regulation, third-wave treatments offer great promise in the alleviation of suffering resulting from impulsive and addictive behaviors. Rigorous research with improved methodological designs, larger samples, and sound measurements of specific impulsive behaviors is needed to clarify the utility of third-wave interventions in targeting impulsivity.

How modern working environments shape attendance behaviour: A longitudinal study on weekly flexibilization, boundaryless work and presenteeism

AbstractIn the face of technological advancements, flexibilization and boundaryless work have become integral parts of modern occupational settings. Simultaneously, current research indicates a considerable increase in presenteeism—the behaviour of working while sick. Meta‐analytic findings indicate two main drivers for presenteeism: a high work motivation and an impaired state of health and psychological well‐being. Research on flexibilization and boundaryless work shows that these job conditions enhance employees' work motivation but also impair employees' health. Based on conservation of resources theory and Miraglia and John's (J Occupational Health Psychol, 21, 2016, 261) dual‐path model on antecedents of presenteeism, we investigate how both job conditions affect attendance behaviour (absenteeism and presenteeism) via motivation and well‐being by conducting a weekly diary study over the course of 9 weeks. In total, 284 people provided data on flexibilization, boundaryless work, flow experience, well‐being, absenteeism and presenteeism (N = 2284 week‐level). Multilevel mediational analyses revealed that flexibilization prevents presenteeism, whereas boundaryless work can increase presenteeism. The results further revealed support for the health impairment path at the within‐person and between‐person levels whereas the motivational path was not supported at the within‐person level. Our results offer several theoretical and practical implications for how modern work shape attendance behaviour.

Presenteeism Is Reloaded and Ready for Further Research – A Commentary on Priebe, J. and Hägerbäumer, M. (2023)

Presenteeism Is Reloaded and Ready for Further Research – A Commentary on Priebe, J. and Hägerbäumer, M. (2023)

Causes of Ponding in Foundation Gallery of Fenhe Reservoir II Gravity Dam

The multi field coupling mechanism of seepage, stress and temperature coupling of concrete gravity dam is analyzed, and its coupling control equation is deduced. Based on the analysis of the temperature effect of cracked concrete dam, a three field coupling model of seepage, stress and temperature based on pore crack dual medium suitable for the characteristics of RCC gravity dam is established, and its implementation strategy in COMSOL Multiphysics is studied. The three-dimensional finite element model of the overflow dam of Fenhe Reservoir II is established, and the annual working behavior of the overflow dam section is simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics. The variation law of dam seepage characteristics under the coupling action of seepage, stress and temperature is obtained. It is considered that the ponding in the gallery mainly comes from the crack leakage, and the temperature and headwater elevation are the main factors affecting the crack leakage of the dam.

Compensating for Sensing Failures via Delegation in Human-AI Hybrid Systems.

Given the increasing prevalence of intelligent systems capable of autonomous actions or augmenting human activities, it is important to consider scenarios in which the human, autonomous system, or both can exhibit failures as a result of one of several contributing factors (e.g., perception). Failures for either humans or autonomous agents can lead to simply a reduced performance level, or a failure can lead to something as severe as injury or death. For our topic, we consider the hybrid human-AI teaming case where a managing agent is tasked with identifying when to perform a delegated assignment and whether the human or autonomous system should gain control. In this context, the manager will estimate its best action based on the likelihood of either (human, autonomous) agent's failure as a result of their sensing capabilities and possible deficiencies. We model how the environmental context can contribute to, or exacerbate, these sensing deficiencies. These contexts provide cases where the manager must learn to identify agents with capabilities that are suitable for decision-making. As such, we demonstrate how a reinforcement learning manager can correct the context-delegation association and assist the hybrid team of agents in outperforming the behavior of any agent working in isolation.

Hot working behaviour of low-cost Ti-3.4Fe bio-implant alloy

This study investigated the hot workability of an experimental, non-toxic, low-cost Ti-3.4Fe alloy using flow stress analysis, constitutive modelling, processing maps and microstructural examination. Hot compression tests were performed on Ti-3.4Fe alloy samples at different deformation temperatures (750, 800, 850 and 900 °C), strain rates (0.05, 0.1, 1 and 10 s−1) and a total strain of 0.6. The compression tests were performed using a Gleeble® 3500 thermomechanical simulator. The isothermally compressed samples were analysed using a scanning electron microscope to assess the microstructure. An Arrhenius-based model was used to derive the constitutive constants. From the results, the stress exponent and activation energy were 4.91 and 611 kJ.mol−1 under the steady-state stress condition and 5.32 and 675 kJ.mol−1 at peak stress. The stress exponents suggested a dislocation climb and glide mechanism controlling deformation. The processing map showed that the optimum conditions to deform Ti-3.4Fe were 850 °C at a strain rate of 0.1 s−1 for both steady-state and peak stresses. The microstructure revealed kinked, rotated and bent lamella at the safe region (850 °C at 0.05 s−1), confirming the dominance of dynamic recovery as the softening mechanism. Instabilities manifested as cracks and inhomogeneity at 750 °C and 1 s−1 and at 850 °C and 10 s−1.