Working Behavior Research Articles

The Impact of Motivation on Proactive Behavior in the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory

Using the Self-Determination Theory, the authors investigate the consequence of motivation. Specifically, this study analyzes the impacts of amotivation, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation toward proactive behavior of headquarter employees. Answering research problems and examining hypotheses, the authors applied regression technic to analysis eighty three data collected in the state organization which cover the Divisions under Directors of Finance and Human Resources and Sales Division outside of Finance & Human Resources Directors. The results of this research show that amotivation, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation significantly and directly affect headquarter employee’s proactive behavior. These findings imply that company should give attention to the emergence of amotivation because amotivation can reduce or eliminate an employee’s proactive behavior in work which can ultimately disrupt the company’s performance. Moreover, the authors conclude by presenting theoretical and managerial implication.

Hot Working Flow Behavior of Ti-6242S Alloy

Abstract The hot working behavior of Ti-6242S alloy was investigated over a range of temperatures and strain rates (973–1,373 K and 10−3–1 s−1, respectively). The flow behavior was dominated by dynamic recovery and flow softening at temperatures above and below 1,223 K, respectively. Processing maps were constructed from the flow curves at a true strain of 0.5 over the temperature ranges 973–1,223 K and 1,223–1,373 K. In each temperature regime, we compared the flow localization parameter and temperature sensitivity with the instability parameter determined from the processing map. The processing conditions were optimized in the temperature range 1,173–1,273 K and strain rate ranges of 5.0 × 10−1–1.0 s−1 and (1.0–5.0) × 10−3 s−1. The deformation activation energy under a strain rate of 10−3 s−1 was determined as ∼360 kJ/mol and was further reduced when considering the threshold stress. The operating deformation mechanism in the 973–1,223 K regime was dislocation climb creep. The microstructural evolution was examined by optical and scanning electron microscopies and was correlated with the stable and unstable regimes of the processing map.

TANTANGAN DALAM PENCIPTAAN SENI RUPA TRADISI DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0

The industrial revolution 4.0 was an era where all aspects were made, carried out, carried out with tools and facilities that were all modern including the creation of traditional art. The order of human behavior in work that cannot keep up with changes in the digital age will be marginalized. This condition can marginalize and even destroy the existence of traditional art.This research was carried out by using qualitative method in which data are obained from observation, literature review and direct practice in the field, where the author is the actor of the creation of traditional art.The purpose of this study is to preserve and preserve the existence of traditional fine art on this earth, so the creators (Artists, Masters, Kriyawan, Craftsmen, etc.) must be able to use media, tools, materials, facilities that develop in this time. The author hopes that this research can benefit readers, researchers, reviewers and traditional art actors to continue working in this era of industrial revolution 4.0 without abandoning traditional artistic values.

TANTANGAN DALAM PENCIPTAAN SENI RUPA TRADISI DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0

The industrial revolution 4.0 was an era where all aspects were made, carried out, carried out with tools and facilities that were all modern including the creation of traditional art. The order of human behavior in work that cannot keep up with changes in the digital age will be marginalized. This condition can marginalize and even destroy the existence of traditional art.This research was carried out by using qualitative method in which data are obained from observation, literature review and direct practice in the field, where the author is the actor of the creation of traditional art.The purpose of this study is to preserve and preserve the existence of traditional fine art on this earth, so the creators (Artists, Masters, Kriyawan, Craftsmen, etc.) must be able to use media, tools, materials, facilities that develop in this time. The author hopes that this research can benefit readers, researchers, reviewers and traditional art actors to continue working in this era of industrial revolution 4.0 without abandoning traditional artistic values.

Festival loyalty to a South African literary arts festival: action speaks louder than words!

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap in the literature by focusing on the profile and loyalty of visitors to a literary arts festival in South Africa. In addition, this research advocates that festivals can influence visitors’ supplementary behavioural intentions and actions beyond loyalty in the form of literary arts appreciation, purchases and tourism. Design/methodology/approach A visitor survey was conducted at one of the oldest literary arts festivals in the country where a total of 391 completed self-administered questionnaires were obtained. The statistical analyses comprised three factor analyses (motives to attend the festival, satisfaction with the festival offering elements and behavioural intentions) as well as structural equation modelling, to establish the relationship between the motives, evaluation of the “festivalscapes”, behavioural intentions and loyalty. Findings The findings confirmed that literary arts festival loyalty is the principle behavioural intention that will occur after attending a literary arts festival. However, the results demonstrated that literary arts festivals also have the potential to increase and stimulate supplementary behavioural intentions in the form of greater awareness of the arts, increased purchasing behaviour of literary works, increased travel to support the literary arts and greater personal involvement. Practical implications Festivals, irrespective of the art form that they showcase, therefore, play a significant role in encouraging and increasing purchasing behaviour, which is vital to the viability and continuation of the arts industry. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to research the literary arts festival market in South Africa, thereby making a distinct contribution by expanding the literature on the needs of this neglected market and the aspects that influence loyalty to these types of festivals.

How is Satiety Affected When Consuming Food While Working on A Computer?

More people working at offices are choosing to eat meals at their desks, making “desktop dining” an increasingly common phenomenon. Previous studies have reported that environmental distractors, such as television viewing, can influence meal intake and subsequent snack intake. However, the impact of stressful mental tasks on eating behavior has received relatively less attention, focusing only on subsequent meal intake or concurrent snack intake. This study sets out to determine whether eating while working influenced current meal energy intake. This research also examined the relationship between dietary restraint status and energy intake. A crossover experimental design was employed requiring participants (14 males and 29 females) to eat pizza quietly and at rest (control), and while working on a computer (work). Measurements included BMI, energy intake, state anxiety, restrained eating behavior, stress levels (pre- and post-eating), and appetite (before and after both work and control sessions). The findings showed that consuming food while working on a computer significantly increased stress but had no influence on energy intake compared to the control condition. However, post-eating hunger levels were significantly higher in the work condition compared to the control condition. As expected, satiety levels decreased significantly from pre- to post-eating for both work and control conditions. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between restrained eating behavior and energy intake in both work and control conditions. These results suggest that eating while working affected satiety of normal weight participants, as indicated by the significant difference in post-meal satiety levels between work and control conditions.

A lab-scale rotary kiln for thermal treatment of particulate materials under high concentrated solar radiation: Experimental assessment and transient numerical modeling

Rotary kilns are worldwide used for industrial processes that involve thermal treatments of particulate materials. However, a great amount of fossil fuels is employed in such processes. As alternative, solar rotary kilns are considered for this application due to their versatility and potential to substitute traditional fossil-fuel driven devices. In order to boost the development of this technology, efforts have to be focused on the control of the particle temperature during the treatment. In this context, a lab-scale rotary kiln was built and tested using a 7-kWe high-flux solar simulator at University of Antofagasta. It was conceived to treat particulate materials of different nature and it is able to reach temperatures higher than 800 °C under different operation strategies. Silicon carbide was selected for initial tests because it is inert, endures high temperatures (up to 1600 °C) and it has been proposed as thermal storage vector in several researches on concentrated solar power. In a first stage, the empty kiln was preheated up to about 800 °C, reaching a steady state in less than three hours and with a power of approximately 370 W entering the kiln cavity. Afterwards, 43 g of silicon carbide were introduced in the furnace and the system was heated again up to a second steady state above 800 °C. In this stage, particles showed a fast increment of their temperature and exceeded 700 °C in less than three minutes after loading. A one-dimensional transient numerical model was also developed to perform the thermal analysis of the kiln and the estimation of both the particle temperature and the system efficiency. Numerical results showed good agreement with experimental data and thermal losses could be quantified in detail. Therefore, the model was also used to predict the thermal behavior of a solar rotary kiln working in batch mode.

Factors Influencing Construction Waste Generation in Building Construction: Thailand’s Perspective

Rapid growth in construction activities as a result of a growing population and urbanization in many parts of the world generates a large amount of waste from construction. To reduce and manage these wastes, a comprehensive understanding of the construction waste generation factors is needed. The purpose of this study is to identify the contributing factors of construction waste in Thailand’s construction industry. The causes of construction waste were identified through an extensive literature review. A total of 28 causes of construction waste were identified and grouped into the four categories: design and documentation, material and procurement, construction method and planning, and human resources. To determine the significant level of each factor, a structured questionnaire survey was carried out to gather information from contractors about causes of construction material waste. The results show that the categories contributing to construction waste ranks as design and documentation, human resources, construction methods and planning, and material and procurement, respectively. Meanwhile, factors from each category were also determined and ranked. Design change, inattentive working attitudes and behaviors, ineffective planning and scheduling, and material storage were among the highest impact factors on construction waste generation in each category. Identifying the significance levels of waste generation factors will help the industry’s stakeholders build suitable strategies to manage construction waste more effectively.

Identifying the victims of workplace cyberbullying among lecturers

Cyberbullying exists not only among kids and teenagers but also adults. It takes place in many work sectors, including education. This research qualitatively investigated the victims of cyberbullying among lecturers. Thirty lecturers in West Java and Banten, fifteen males and fifteen females, were in-depth interviewed in this phenomenological research. Interviews were conducted by using a semi-structured guide. The results revealed that the victims were the “minority” of their group. They are unmarried young lecturers, lecturers with “negative” physical condition, lecturers with unique or silly habits, male lecturers who feel “scared” of their wives, the “ignored” lecturers, and young lecturers with unproductive working behaviour.

Characterization and Modeling of Hot Deformation Behavior of a Copper-Bearing High-Strength Low-Carbon Steel Microalloyed with Nb

This study investigates hot deformation behavior of a newly developed Cu-bearing high-strength low-carbon steel microalloyed with Nb (Nb-HSLC). A computational method based on experimental data was employed to design the chemical composition of the alloy. Compression tests were carried out in the temperature range of 850-1100 °C as well as strain rates of 0.001-10 s−1 using BAHR Dil 805 A/D thermo-analyzer equipment. The Arrhenius-type constitutive equations were used to model the hot working behavior of the designed steel. Effects of friction and temperature rise during deformation were corrected to obtain the actual stresses. The results showed that the peak flow stress was increased with increasing Zener–Hollomon parameter. The obtained flow curves at strain rates lower than 0.1 s−1 and temperatures above 950 °C represented the typical dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior, while the flow curves at temperatures lower than 950 °C at all strain rates were associated with continuous strain hardening. This feature is in good agreement with the precipitation temperature range of Nb(C, N) particles, i.e., 800-1000 °C. Moreover, the flow curves showed the serrations during hot deformation at strain rates of 0.001 and 0.01 s−1, indicating that the dynamic strain aging (DSA) phenomenon occurred at low strain rates. The best fit between “peak stress” and “deformation conditions” was obtained by a hyperbolic sine-type equation (R2 = 0.993). Therefore, the average activation energy was determined as 348 kJ mol−1. The agreement between the achieved model and experimental flow data was verified using the results of additional tests at a strain rate of 5 s−1. The maximum difference between the measured and predicted “peak stresses” was calculated as 5 Mpa.

Essential stressing state features of a large-curvature continuous steel box-girder bridge model revealed by modeling experimental data

This paper investigates the structural working behavior of a large-curvature continuous steel box-girder bridge model undergoing a full loading process, applying a new numerical shape function (NSF) method and structural stressing state theory. Firstly, the NSF method expands the experimental data of the bridge model. Then, the expanded data are modeled as generalized strain energy density (GSED) to form structural stressing state modes. And the corresponding stressing state characteristic parameters such as GSED sum are constructed to characterize the stressing state modes. Furthermore, the Mann-Kendall (M − K) criterion detects the essential leap feature of the bridge model's stressing state embodied in the GSED sum-F curve. It is verified that the feature complies with the natural law from quantitative change to qualitative change of a system and is the starting point during the bridge model's failure process, which updated the definition of the bridge model's failure load. Finally, structural stressing state submodes of internal forces are proposed using the expanded strain data, which further evidences the stressing state characteristics of the bridge model over its loading process. The research results explore a new way to deeply analyze the working behavior features of structures and to accurately estimate structural failure loads for structural designs.

Characteristics of structural state of stress for steel frame in progressive collapse

ABSTRACT This paper studies the failure mechanism during the structural progressive collapse process of a spatial steel frame with concrete floor by applying structural state of stress theory. Firstly, structural state of stress is modeled by generalized strain energy density (GSED) derived from the experimental strain data. Then, the Mann-Kendall criterion is used to detect the leap characteristic of structural state of stress from the GSED sum-load curve. Next, two state of stress characteristic parameters, average sectional strain and generalized bending strain, are proposed to characterize both axial and bending deformation forms and to reflect the structural working behavior. As a result, the modeling and judgment of structural state of stress reveal the structural progressive failure characteristics. Furthermore, the inner failure mechanism of the steel frame is further revealed by analyzing its internal force redistribution related to the membrane action and catenary action. Finally, the coordinative working performance of the steel frame is investigated in the significance of the self-adaption reflected in the state of stress uniformity and balance.

Assessment of the Behaviour of a Commercial Gasification Plant During Load Modulation and Feedstock Moisture Variation

Fixed-bed biomass gasification coupled with internal combustion engines allows an efficient exploitation of biomass for the combined production of heat and power (CHP) at small scale with increased economic viability with respect to combustion-based CHP systems. The main barrier on the way towards a wider market distribution is represented by the fact that a robust practical operation of state-of-the-art fixed-bed biomass gasification systems is limited to very specific fuel properties and steady-state operation. The aim of this work is twofold. On the one hand, it presents the results of a series of test runs performed in a monitored commercial plant under different process conditions, in order to assess its behaviour during load modulation and fuel property variations. On the other hand, an in-house developed thermodynamic equilibrium model was applied to predict the behaviour of the gasification reactor. This gasification model could be used for the development of a model-based control strategy in order to increase the performance of the small-scale gasification system. To assess the general operational behaviour of the whole gasification system an experimental one-week-long test run has been performed by BIOENERGY 2020+ and the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano as round robin test. The plant has been tested under different operating conditions, in particular, varying the load of the engine and the moisture content of the feedstock. The outcomes shown in the present work provide a unique indication about the behaviour of a small-scale fix-bed gasifier working in conditions different from the nominal ones.

Stressing State Analysis of an Integral Abutment Curved Box-Girder Bridge Model.

This paper experimentally investigates the working behavior characteristics of an integral abutment curved box-girder (IACBG) bridge model based on the structural stressing state theory. First, the stressing state of the bridge model is represented by generalized strain energy density (GSED) values at each load Fj and characterized by the normalized GSED sum Ej,norm. Then, the Mann-Kendall (M-K) criterion is adopted to detect the stressing state mutations of the bridge model from Ej,norm-Fj curve in order to achieve the new definition of structural failure load. Correspondingly, the stressing state modes for the bridge model’s sections and internal forces are reached in order to investigate their variation characteristics and the coordinated working behavior around the updated failure load. The unseen knowledge is revealed by studying working behavior characteristics of the bridge model. Therefore, the analytical results could provide a new structural analysis method, which updates the definition of the existing structural failure load and provides a reference for future design of the bridges.

FAST-forge of Diffusion Bonded Dissimilar Titanium Alloys: A Novel Hybrid Processing Approach for Next Generation Near-Net Shape Components

Material reductions, weight savings, design optimisation, and a reduction in the environmental impact can be achieved by improving the performance of near-net shape (NNS) titanium alloy components. The method demonstrated in this paper is to use a solid-state approach, which includes diffusion bonding discrete layers of dissimilar titanium alloy powders (CP-Ti, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr) using field-assisted sintering technology (FAST), followed by subsequent forging steps. This article demonstrates the hybrid process route, firstly through small-scale uni-axial compression tests and secondly through closed-die forging of dissimilar titanium alloy FAST preforms into an NNS (near-net shape) component. In order to characterise and simulate the underlying forging behaviour of dissimilar alloy combinations, uni-axial compression tests of FAST cylindrical samples provided flow stress behaviour and the effect of differing alloy volume fractions on the resistance to deformation and hot working behaviour. Despite the mismatch in the magnitude of flow stress between alloys, excellent structural bond integrity is maintained throughout. This is also reflected in the comparatively uncontrolled closed-die forging of the NNS demonstrator components. Microstructural analysis across the dissimilar diffusion bond line was undertaken in the components and finite element modelling software reliably predicts the strain distribution and bond line flow behaviour during the multi-step forging process.

Magnetic Otto Engine for an Electron in a Quantum Dot: Classical and Quantum Approach.

We studied the performance of classical and quantum magnetic Otto cycle with a working substance composed of a single quantum dot using the Fock–Darwin model with the inclusion of the Zeeman interaction. Modulating an external/perpendicular magnetic field, in the classical approach, we found an oscillating behavior in the total work extracted that was not present in the quantum formulation.We found that, in the classical approach, the engine yielded a greater performance in terms of total work extracted and efficiency than when compared with the quantum approach. This is because, in the classical case, the working substance can be in thermal equilibrium at each point of the cycle, which maximizes the energy extracted in the adiabatic strokes.

STRESSING STATE ANALYSIS OF LARGE CURVATURE CONTINUOUS PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX-GIRDER BRIDGE MODEL

This paper experimentally analyzes the working behavior characteristics of a large-curvature continuous prestressed concrete box-girder (CPCBG) bridge model based on structural stressing state theory. First, the measured strain data is modeled as generalized strain energy density (GSED) to characterize the stressing state of the bridge model. Then, the Mann-Kendall (M-K) criterion is adopted to detect the stressing state leaps of the bridge model according to the natural law from quantitative change to qualitative change of a system, which derives the new definition of structural failure load. Correspondingly, the stressing state modes for the bridge model’s sections and internal forces are proposed to verify their changing characteristics and the coordinate working behavior around the characteristic loads. The analytical results reveal the working behavior characteristics of the bridge mode unseen in traditional structural analysis, which provides a new angle of view to conduct structural analysis and a reference to the improvement of design codes.

VIC-PRO: Vicinity Protection by Concealing Location Coordinates Using Geometrical Transformations in Location Based Services

Portable devices today are striding computation potential and memory at par and sometimes even significantly higher than those found in desktop machines. Today’s lifestyle is more mobile than earlier, offices are open cafe houses and people prefer to work from plug and play office spaces. With the exponential growth of mobile technology and its users, a more astute system is in place called ‘location based services’ (LBSs). Since client uses these services out of their dynamic or static working behavior and is required to submit the real location (with query) to get the absolute benefits, it is crucial to layout the systems and frameworks which can protect users from the security and privacy threats by keeping the location information private. Existing defense mechanisms based on trusted third party possesses the significant vulnerability to vicinity identification, which in turn end up identifying the real world identity of the query issuer. In this paper, we present a scheme to preserve location privacy, called VIC-PRO, that fortifies the location privacy of the client alongside vicinity protection using geometrical transformations. We experimentally compare the scheme with other existing mechanisms to demonstrate that VIC-PRO is more efficient, safe against vicinity identification attack, and guarantees better user privacy in an LBS setup.

INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE: UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO PAIN-BASED BEHAVIOUR IN CHILD AND YOUTH CARE WORK

We are grateful to Dr. Sibylle Artz, Editor of the International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, for the invitation to produce a special issue on pain-based behaviour in child and youth care work. Since the term was created and published in 2002 (Anglin, 2002), the notion has entered the literature, the research, and, perhaps most importantly, the practice of child and youth care internationally. The eight articles in this issue come from Ireland, Australia, the United States, and Canada, and offer a broad range of perspectives.After receiving the invitation to compile this issue, we scanned the recent child and youth care literature and readily identified 13 publications — articles and books — using the term pain-based behaviour. There are undoubtedly many more, however we believed the authors of these publications would present a significant cross-section of perspectives on understanding and responding to pain and pain-based behaviour. We are excited and honoured that the authors represented here were able to contribute articles to this issue.

POTRET PERILAKU MENYIMPANG DALAM NOVEL HUJAN DAN TEDUH KARYA WULAN DEWATRA

This study was conducted aimed at analyzing deviant behavior in the Hujan dan Teduh novels by Wulan Dewatra. In addition, with the existence of this study, it can be seen the forms of deviant behavior, factors that cause deviant behavior, and the effects of deviant behavior in the novel. In this study, used a type of qualitative research with descriptive methods. The findings in this study are, (1) the forms of deviant behavior in Wulan Dewatra's Hujan dan Teduh novels include, antisocial, sexual relations outside marriage, homosexuality, and violence, (2) factors that cause deviant behavior in the novel Hujan dan Teduh Wulan Dewatra's work includes unhealthy mental attitude factors, impingement of disappointment, and deviant learning processes. (3) the impact of deviant behavior in the Hujan dan Teduh novels by Wulan Dewatra covers crime and the fading of values and norms.Keywords: Disorder behaviour, Hujan dan Teduh, Sociology Literature