Behavior In Real-life Situations Research Articles

Analysis of The Level of Compliance With Employee Safety Behavior at PT. X Uses The Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) Method

Behavior-based safety (BBS) programs are a safety approach based on human behavior and social relationships in the work environment. This approach aims to increase employee awareness, commitment and responsibility to create a safer and healthier work environment. A behavior-based safety (BBS) approach focuses on human behavior to reduce the risk of workplace accidents and injuries. This research uses a qualitative approach that combines observation and interview methods. This approach was chosen to gain a deeper understanding of the safety behavior of PT employees. X and the factors that influence it are observed directly in the PT work environment. X observes employee safety behavior in real-life situations. Dangerous behavior is the behavior of an individual or group of workers that can create a dangerous situation in a work process. Implementation of security in the PT environment. X has been around since the company's inception, but safety was only documented around 2022. work without complete PPE. Employees in the company already understand SMK3. Strengthen safety training, implementation and monitoring of safety procedures, safety culture, risk assessment, effective incident reporting systems, regulatory enforcement and discipline.

A Comparative Study of the Biodurability and Persistence of Gold, Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using the Continuous Flow through System.

The potential for nanoparticles to cause harm to human health and the environment is correlated with their biodurability in the human body and persistence in the environment. Dissolution testing serves to predict biodurability and nanoparticle environmental persistence. In this study, dissolution testing using the continuous flow through system was used to investigate the biodurability and persistence of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in five different simulated biological fluids and two synthetic environmental media to predict their behaviour in real life situations. This study examined the physicochemical properties and agglomeration state of gold, silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles before and after dissolution tests using three different techniques (UV-vis, XRD and TEM). The UV-vis spectra revealed that all three nanoparticles shifted to higher wavelengths after being exposed to simulated fluids. The titanium powder was found to be mixed with both rutile and anatase, according to XRD examination. The average diameter of gold nanoparticles was 14 nm, silver nanoparticles were 10 nm and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were 25 nm, according to TEM images. The gold and silver nanoparticles were observed to be spherical, but the titanium dioxide nanoparticles were irregular in shape, with some being spherical. The level of dissolved nanoparticles in simulated acidic media was higher in magnitude compared to that dissolved in simulated alkaline media. The results obtained via the continuous flow through dissolution system also displayed very significant dissolution rates. For TiO2 NPs the calculated half-times were in the range of 13-14 days, followed by AuNPs ranging between 4-12 days, significantly longer if compared to the half-times of AgNPs ranging between 2-7 days. AuNPs and TiO2 NPs were characterized by low dissolution rates therefore are expected to be (bio)durable in physiological surroundings and persistent in the environment thus, they might impose long-term effects on humans and the environment. In contrast, AgNPs have high dissolution rates and not (bio)durable and hence may cause short-term effects. The results suggest a hierarchy of biodurability and persistence of TiO2 NPs > AuNPs > AgNPs. It is recommended that nanoparticle product developers should follow the test guidelines stipulated by the OECD to ensure product safety for use before it is taken to the market.

Thermal, Electrical, and Environmental Safeties of Sulfide Electrolyte-Based All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries.

The next generation of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASLIBs) based on solid-state sulfide electrolytes (SSEs) is closest to commercialization. Understanding the overall safety behavior of SSE-ASLIBs is necessary for their product design and commercialization. However, their safety behavior in real-life situations, such as battery exposure to high temperature, overcharge, mechanical rupture, and air exposure, remains largely unknown. Herein, we report preliminary but needed evidence of (i) significantly improved resistance to electrical shorting at high temperatures, (ii) reduced heat generation when subjected to excessive heat, (iii) tolerable harmful gas generation when subjected to air exposure followed by high-temperature heating, and (iv) high-voltage charge stability when a battery is overcharged (5.5 V charge) in SSE-based ASLIBs compared to commercial liquid electrolyte-based LIBs (LE-LIBs). Furthermore, the result shows that SSEs can self-induce a fast and effective battery shut-down capability in ASLIBs and avoid thermal runaway upon mechanical damage and exposure to air.

Dissolution of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in synthetic biological and environmental media to predict their biodurability and persistence

Investigating the biodurability and persistence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) is of paramount importance because these parameters influence the particles' impact on human health and the environment. Contrary to most research conducted so far, the present study elucidates the dissolution kinetics, namely the dissolution rates, rate constants, order of reaction and half-times of TiO2 NPs in five different simulated biological fluids and two synthetic environmental media to predict their behaviour in real life situations. Results have shown that the dissolution of TiO2 NPs in all simulated fluids was limited. Of all the simulated biological media tested, acidic media such as phagolysosomal and gastric fluid produced the highest dissolution of TiO2 NPs compared to alkaline media such as blood plasma, Gamble's fluid, and intestinal fluid. Furthermore, when the particles were exposed to simulated environmental conditions, the dissolution was higher in high ionic strength seawater compared to freshwater. The dissolution kinetics of titanium dioxide nanoparticles followed first order reaction kinetics and were generally characterized by low dissolution rates and long half-times. These findings indicate that TiO2 NPs are very insoluble and will remain unchanged in the body and environment over long periods of time. Therefore, these particles are most likely to cause both short and long-term health effects and will remain persistent following release into the environment.

Dissolution kinetics of silver nanoparticles: Behaviour in simulated biological fluids and synthetic environmental media

Silver nanoparticles offer a wide range of benefits including their application in several fields such as medical, food, health care, consumer, and industrial purposes. However, unlocking this potential requires a responsible and co-ordinated approach to ensure that potential challenges emanating from the use of silver nanoparticles are being addressed. In this study body fluids and environmental media were used to investigate the effects of citrate coated silver nanoparticles (cit-coated AgNPs) to mimic their behaviour in real life situations. Understanding the dissolution kinetics and behaviour of cit-coated AgNPs in simulated biological fluids and synthetic environmental media helps us predict their fate and effects on human health and the environment. The cit-coated AgNPs behaviour significantly varied in acidic and alkaline simulated fluids. Low pH and high ionic strength accelerated the rate and degree of dissolution of AgNPs in simulated fluids. Following exposure to simulated fluids cit-coated AgNPs demonstrated significant changes in agglomeration state and particle reactivity however, the morphology remained unaltered. The slow dissolution rates observed for highly agglomerated cit-coated AgNPs in simulated blood plasma, Gamble’s and intestinal fluids, and freshwater indicate that there is a greater likelihood that the particles will be the cause of the observed adverse effects. In contrast, the fast dissolution rates observed for cit-coated AgNPs in simulated gastric and phagolysosomal fluid and synthetic seawater, the release of the silver ions at a fast rate, will be the cause of their short-term effects.

Being Clean and Acting Dirty: The Paradoxical Effect of Self-Cleansing

In two studies we investigated the association between physical cleansing and moral and immoral behavior in real-life situations. In Study 1, after a workout at the gym, participants cheated more after taking a shower than before taking one. In the second study, participants donated more money to charity before rather than after they bathed for religious purification. The results extend previous findings about moral cleansing and moral licensing and are discussed within the framework of conceptual metaphor theory.

The behavioral correlates of overall and distinctive life history strategy.

Life history (LH) theory provides an evolutionary theoretical framework for understanding individual differences in maturation, mating, reproduction, parenting, and social interaction. However, the psychometric assessment of human life history has been largely limited to generalized self-reports. Using template matching, this article examines the relationship between personality differences associated with slow-life history (slow-LH) and social behavior in 3 archival datasets. Two of these datasets include direct observations of behavior in the laboratory, and the 3rd provides self-reports of behavior in real life situations experienced within the preceding 24 hr. The results paint a consistent picture of the slow-LH individual as engaging in numerous adaptive social behaviors. However, when "normativeness" (the tendency for most people to be normal in both the statistical and evaluative sense) is statistically removed from the LH scores, a slightly different picture emerges. Both slow-LH and fast-LH persons display a number of behaviors that may be either adaptive or maladaptive in different contexts. Specifically, slow-LH individuals tended to behave in a manner that was considerate, kind, hard-working, and reliable but also socially awkward, insecure, and overcontrolling. Fast-LH individuals came across as talkative, socially skilled, dominant, and charming but also unpredictable, hostile, manipulative, and impulsive. These results are consistent with the evolutionary interpretation of LH strategies as being adapted to systematically different environments rather than better or worse approaches to reproductive fitness overall.

P4.044 Knowledge and Attitudes About HIV/AIDS and Sexual Health Practises in First-Year University Students

<h3>Background</h3> Good knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS including safe-sex practises are important for adolescents’ sexual health. The AIDS Institute at Khon Kaen University (KKU), promotes knowledge of HIV/AIDS and research into different strategies to reduce HIV/AIDS risk. <h3>Method</h3> This study was conducted with first-year health-science KKU students. Sexual health behaviour, general knowledge about HIV and sexual transmitted diseases, HIV prevention beliefs, self-confidence and accessibility to care and counselling were explored using a self-report questionnaire, approved by KKU Ethics Committee. <h3>Results</h3> Questionnaires were returned by 683 health-science students; 69.4% were female, mean age was 18.8 years. More than 90% of them declared that they have not had sexual experience. Many (74%) had not talked about HIV with friends. Seven of ten survey questions about HIV knowledge were answered correctly in more than 84% of students. These questions included knowledge about at-risk populations, possibility of transmission without HIV symptoms, progression to death from opportunistic infection, transmission by eating together, timing for HIV testing, source of HIV in blood and body fluid and aggravated transmission by other sexual transmitted diseases. However, some still believed that HIV people should not have a sex life (33.7%), or, did not know that coitus interruptus is unsafe for protecting from HIV infection (33.2%). Regarding sexual practises, most were confident that they would not have sex without a condom (77.1%), or, would be able to bargain not to have sex if they didn’t want to (82.5%), or, had access to condoms when needed (86.8%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Students have good general knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Most report confidence about only engaging in safe-sex behaviours, and having the communication skills to bargain with a partner to achieve this. However, behaviour in real life situations can be very different. This is difficult to research by self-report methods and would require other research tools.

Designing products and services based on understanding human cognitive behavior

When technology development is conducted based only on a developer's idea, we face difficulties in realizing products and services that will be well accepted by people. This is because it is difficult for a developer to know precisely how various users think and feel while using products or receiving services under real life situations. In order to overcome these difficulties, we have developed cognitive chrono-ethnography (CCE) which is a new method to understand cognitive behavior under various situations. This method clarifies the cognitive behavior process by selecting “elite monitors” taking characteristics of target users into consideration, identifying “critical parameters” utilized in designing the products or services, recording the human behavior in real life situations under the control of the parameters, and retrospectively interviewing the participants. This method is applied in the early stages of synthesiological R&D processes oriented toward designing target products and services acceptable by people.

Snow, buses, and mobile data services in the information age

This paper examines the situation of non-use of mobile data and voice services. The observed behavior is at odds with positivist socio-economic theories and commonsensical understanding of the possibilities brought about by the ubiquitous information and communications technology environment. Using a multi-method and theoretical framework designed to combine positivist and interpretative approaches, we attempt at developing new insights into the inter-related roles of ICT and consumer behavior in real-life situations. The findings challenge the commonsensical rhetoric on the advancement of Information Society and provide insights for the design of useful information and communication services.

Neuroeconomics—From neural systems to economic behaviour

Neuroeconomics is a new and highly interdisciplinary field. Drawing from theories and methodologies employed in both economics and neuroscience, it aims at understanding the neural systems supporting and affecting economically relevant behaviour in real-life situations. Although incomplete, the evidence is beginning to clarify with the possibility that neuroeconomic methodology might eventually trace whole processes of economically relevant behaviour. This paper accompanies the author's ConNEcs 2004 keynote speech on applications of neuroeconomic research.

The development of forgiveness in the context of adolescent friendship conflict in Korea

A developmental pattern of understanding interpersonal forgiveness is proposed and examined with 30 junior high and 30 college students in Seoul, Korea. Three questions are asked: Does the developmental sequence in understanding forgiveness relate to age? Is there a relation between the understanding of forgiveness and the degree of forgiveness offered to one's offending friend? Is there a relation between the way people understand forgiveness and how they go about restoring an actual friendship in conflict? All participants had serious and unfair conflicts with their close friends during the past 5 to 6 months. Results support a developmental sequence in Korea and the observed relation between the sequence and actual friendship restoration strategies. There was at least partial statistical support for the relation between understanding forgiveness and the participants' forgiving behaviour in real life situations. Implications are drawn for the study and implementation of forgiveness in adolescents.

Drugs (Other than or in Addition to Ethyl Alcohol) and Driving Behavior: A Collaborative Study of the California Association of Toxicologists

Abstract The influence of the consumption of ethyl alcohol on motor vehicle driver behavior is well established [1,2]. Innumerable other psychoactive drugs are now used widely by the populations of developed countries. That these drugs are also used by motor vehicle drivers on occasion has been documented [3] and discussed [4]. The effects of these drugs alone, in combination, or with ethyl alcohol on driver behavior are not fully understood. Approaches that could clarify such effects include prospective experimentation with human volunteers in simulated driving situations, prospective experimental studies with human volunteers in actual driving situations, retrospective toxicological analyses of fatal automobile accident victims in mass statistical studies, reconstruction of fatal automobile accidents, and comparative study of individuals with specific, observed driving behavior in real-life situations who were subsequently determined to be with and without drugs.

Deviance and Respectability: An Observational Study of Reactions to Shoplifting

In general, observational field studies dealing with reactions to deviance have lacked the kind of control that allows for experimental manipulation of variables and the systematic examination of posited relationships. In addition, there are few studies dealing with public reactions to deviance. The research reported here consisted of a field experiment in which rigged shoplifting events were enacted in the presence of store customers who were in a position to observe and react to the shoplifting incidents. Three variables were varied as part of the field experiment: (1) appearance of shoplifter, (2) sex of shoplifter, and (3) sex of store customer. Major findings were that sex of shoplifter and sex of store customer had little effect on reporting levels whereas appearance of shoplifter exerted a major independent effect on reporting levels. The interactionist-labeling perspective in deviance asserts that audience responses to deviant acts are crucial to the understanding of deviant behavior. Furthermore, to understand audience response-reactions toward various types of deviance-investigators need to discover the meaning these behaviors have for potential reactors. These meanings may vary with the deviant's other social identities, with situational factors such as social support and social setting, and the characteristics of potential reactors. Although some research relates these variables to audience reactions, few studies have manipulated such variables within a field setting. A growing body of observational field studies treats the reactions of official control agents such as the police (e.g., Black, 1970; Piliavin and Briar, 1964) and courts to deviant actors (Emerson, 1969). But such research has generally lacked the kind of control that allows for experimental manipulation of variables and the systematic examination of posited relationships. In addition, studies examining the reactions of the general public have been largely ignored. With few exceptions (e.g., Darley and Latane, 1968; Denner, 1968; Freed et al., 1955; Lefkowitz et al., 1955), there is a dearth of experimental field research that systematically examines posited relationships between reactions of the general public and deviant behavior. Current thinking in Sociology indicates that the study of deviant behavior must overcome problems in the validity of official statistics (see, especially, Douglas, 1971a; Kitsuse and Cicourel, 1963; Wheeler, 1967), must recognize that while official control agents are important it is the general public that usually initiates responses to deviant behavior (e.g., Black, 1970), and must study deviance in its natural setting rather than as mediated through the official reports and actions of formal control agents (e.g., Douglas, 1971b; Humphreys, 1970). This research attempts to shed some light on the nature and basis of reactions to a particular kind of deviance and, in doing so, tries to overcome the aforementioned problems by (1) using field research methods, (2) ascertaining responses of the general public to instances of deviant behavior in real life situations, and (3) making direct observations of behavior of members of the social audience. Specifically, appearance and sex of the deviant are varied systematically in order to assess their effects upon the * The authors are grateful for financial assistance provided by the Center for Research in Interpersonal Behavior and the Graduate College of the University of Iowa. We would also like to thank Renee Steffensmeier for critical readings of earlier drafts of this paper and Larry Rhoades for helpful suggestions regarding final editing.