Beck Scale Research Articles

IJCM_334A: The struggle within: suicidal ideation and its risk factors among the undergraduate medical students

Background: Suicide is one of the top three causes of death among the adults worldwide, which is increasingly seen among students. Medical education is often considered highly stressful, in addition to the usual psychological issues in the youth. Mental health issue is a subject of taboo even among the medical students leading to non-help seeking behaviour. Studies report a high prevalence of suicidal ideation among medical students in India, ranging from 1.8% to 53.6%. Objectives: 1. To assess the prevalence of ‘suicidal ideation’ and associated risk factors among undergraduate medical students Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among Phase 2 and 3 undergraduate students of a government medical college after taking IEC approval. Information on socio demographic details along with known risk factors was obtained. Beck scale for suicide ideation was used for screening and assessment of suicidal ideation. Data was analysed as proportions and percentages and chi square was applied to test the significance of association. Results: Out of the total 192 participants 118 (61.4%) were boys and 74 (38.6%) were girls. History of mental illness was present among 33 (16.6%) students. Fourteen students (7.2%) had high BSS score on screening. Within this subgroup of students reporting suicide ideation (n=14), 9 students (69.2%) had seriously contemplated suicide, while 2 students (15.3%) had attempted suicide at least once in their life time. Students who had previous history of mental illness showed higher prevalence of suicide ideation which was statistically significant (p<0.001). However, no significant associations were identified between gender of the student, mother’s occupation, or a history of mental illness among family members and suicide ideation among the medical students. Conclusion: Medical students need to be assessed for their mental health and appropriate care and support should be provided to the needy to prevent fatal outcomes among them.

Alexithymia and Suicidal Ideation in Iranian Patients With Psoriasis

Background: Evidence highlighted the high prevalence of some mental problems among individuals with psoriasis, including alexithymia and suicidal ideation. Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the prevalence and comorbidity of alexithymia and suicidal ideation in individuals with psoriasis in Iran. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with psoriasis referred to Razi Dermatology Clinic and Beesat Clinic of hospitals affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, in 2020. Psoriasis was diagnosed by a dermatologist, and the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were recorded. The Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20) and the Beck scale for suicidal ideation (BSSI) were used to assess alexithymia and suicidal thoughts. Results: The mean age of patients was 37.56±10.58 years, and 51% were female. Among patients, 52% had alexithymia, 23% were at high risk of suicide, and 6% were at very high risk of suicide. The moderate severity of psoriasis had a significant association with suicidal thoughts (P<0.05). The TAS-20 score had a significant association with the male gender and younger age, and the BSSI score had a significant association with the psoriasis area (P=0.003). The highest score of BSSI was seen in those with psoriasis in the face and limb/trunk (10±4.36 and 8.56±8.52, respectively). Conclusion: Patients with psoriasis exhibit a significant prevalence of alexithymia and suicidal thoughts. Additionally, younger age and male gender were identified as factors associated with alexithymia in this population.

Person-centered approach to suicide ideation in posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans: a latent profile analysis

IntroductionWhile most research on suicidal ideation (SI) in veterans adopts a variable-oriented perspective, this approach often fails to capture the complex interplay of symptoms and comorbid disorders. We hypothesised that a person-centred approach can identify distinct subpopulations of veterans with varying profiles of SI, PTSD symptoms, depression, and agitation.ObjectivesTo examine whether distinct subpopulations of veterans exists, characterized by different profiles of PTSD severity, depression and agitation, and intensity of SI.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in one big University Hospital Centre in Croatia on the sample of men, war veterans aged 30-65 years, undergoing treatment for chronic PTSD. Latent profiles indicators included the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HDRS-17) and Corrigan Agitated Behaviour Scale (CABS).Results We included 203 male participants with a median age of 47 (IQR 43-45) years. The optimal model, allowing variances of indicators to vary between profiles while constraining covariances to zero, yielded five distinct latent profiles. Notably, the highest SI was found in a subpopulation with elevated CABS scores, but moderate PTSD and depression symptoms (13% of participants). Next in SI intensity were 11% of veterans with severe symptoms across all assessed disorders. Next in SI severity were 21% of veterans with low levels of agitation but high levels of depression. The last two profiles, one with mild symptoms of all assessed disorders (43%) and the other with high agitation (12%), have low SI severity.ConclusionsOur findings affirm the utility of a person-centred approach in identifying nuanced subpopulations of veterans with diverse symptom profiles related to SI. This stratification can inform targeted interventions, thereby enhancing the efficacy of suicide prevention strategies.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Impact of Emergency Situations on the Level of Fear and Anxiety in Oncology Patients During Radiotherapy in a Developing Country.

To analyze the level of fear and anxiety related to radiotherapy in oncology patients treated before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to examine whether the advancement of radiotherapy centers leads to any reduction in the patient's fear in emergency situations. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in two time frames (2016 and 2022)based on the analysis of the intensity of anxiety and fear of radiotherapy in oncology patientswith assistance. A questionnaire for assessing fear of radiotherapy in oncology patients and Zung's and Beck's self-reported anxiety scales were used.The first part of the research integrated all data of research interest obtained from patients treated with radiotherapy during 2016, and the second cross-sectional study included all patients treated in 2022during the COVID-19 pandemic.The study was prepared according to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist. The first cross-sectional studyhad 154 participants who had been treated with radiotherapy, while in the second study, there were 159 patients.Patients treated in 2022 show significantly higher levels of fear and anxiety.External beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy simultaneously used in both studies increased the level of fear and anxiety. The conducted research showed exceptional differences in the intensity of fear and anxiety in patients treated with radiotherapy in different health situations, as was the case during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significant impact on the stability of the health system and the challenges to providing standard services.

Gender Differences in Suicidal Ideation during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Iranian Adolescents and its Contributing Factors

Objective Suicidal thoughts in adolescents are common. The COVID-19 pandemic may have further led to an increase. This cross-sectional random sample “online” survey study was conducted in 2021 on 703 adolescents in Iran using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Univariate, bivariate, and multinomial regression analysis, and Odds Ratio (OR) were reported. Results The prevalence of suicidal ideation in this sample was 28% and with higher rates in female participants (p = 0.01). It was more prevalent in 16 to 21 years old participants than adolescents with age of 16 and lower. Participants who were academically successful had less suicidal thoughts. Discussion Considering the high rate of suicidal ideation among adolescents, it is an emergency that requires effective intervention.

The effect of the Yara smartphone application on anxiety, sleep quality, and suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder in Iran: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundDepression is one of the most common mental disorders that leads to anxiety, sleep disturbances, and suicidal thoughts. Due to the high cost of treatment and the reluctance of many patients to seek medical help, major depressive disorder (MDD) is becoming more prevalent. Therefore, alternative methods like smartphone applications can help prevent and improve depression symptoms. The present study aimed to determine the effect of the newly developed Yara smartphone application on anxiety, sleep quality, and suicidal thoughts in patients with MDD.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest design was conducted on Iranian patients with MDD in 2022. Sixty-four patients were recruited using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two control and intervention groups. The intervention was conducted using the Yara smartphone application for three months. Data were collected using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI). Data were first entered into IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA) and then analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the mean score of anxiety and sleep quality between the intervention and control groups before the intervention (p ≥ .05). However, this difference in the mean score of anxiety and sleep quality was statistically significant in the two groups after the intervention (p < .05). The results showed no statistically significant difference in the mean score of suicidal thoughts between the two groups before and after the intervention (p ≥ .05). The use of the Yara smartphone application had a significant positive effect on anxiety and sleep quality in depressed patients (p < .001). At the same time, it had no significant effect on suicidal thoughts (p ≥ .05).ConclusionConsidering the positive effect of using the Yara smartphone application on reducing anxiety and improving sleep quality in depressed patients, this application can help alleviate the problems of depressed patients alongside existing treatment methods. Thus, this application is recommended for this group of patients in psychiatric clinics and departments. The Yara application's effectiveness was not approved on suicidal thoughts in this study so that further investigation would be necessary.Trial RegistrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trial approval code (IRCT# IRCT20131112015390N7).

Depression, Anxiety, and Burnout, Their Association with Academic Dropout Ideation in Medical Residents

Objective: to analyze the association between depression, anxiety, and burnout with the risk of academic desertion, and ideation of academic desertion in medical residents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 200 medical residents in Mexico City. Maslach, Beck, and Hamilton scales were used to assess burnout, depression, and anxiety, respectively. The main variable was academic desertion. Statistical analysis included descriptive and inferential methods; risk was assessed by odds ratio (OR). Multivariate models were used to explore associations, with statistical significance considered at p &lt;0.05. Results: The frequency of depression, anxiety, and burnout was 17% (n= 34), 26.5% (n= 53), and 19.5% (n= 39), respectively. The presence of depression was associated with up to a fourfold and sixfold increase in desertion and desertion ideation, respectively (OR= 4.04, 95% CI 1.41 - 11.5, p= 0.006, or 6.5, 95% CI 2.9 - 14.6, p= 0.000). Anxiety showed no association with turnover (OR= 1.02, 95% ci 0.26 - 4.01, p= 0.967). The presence of burnout doubled the risk (OR= 2.2, 95% CI 1.07 - 4.52, p= 0.001). In the multiple analysis, depression increased the risk of dropping out up to fourfold. Conclusion: The presence of depression was the disorder most associated with dropout and dropout ideation. It is necessary to establish prevention, and detection programs at medical residency sites.

RESULTS OF PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION THE INDEPENDENT WILL BE BUSY WITH PHYSICA EXERCISES IN STRESSFUL SITUATIONS AMONG YOUTH STUDENTS

The article examines the effectiveness of the program of independent physical exercises in stressful situations among students of the Dnipro National University named after Oles Gonchar.&#x0D; War is seen as a source of extreme stress that is unexpected and extremely intense. Its psycho-traumatic potential is connected with this. Therefore, it is important to understand what means can be used to bring a person out of a stressful state and to treat mild forms of mental disorders caused by stress. It is especially relevant to consider those methods of combating stress that do not require any additional costs, and therefore are generally available to everyone.&#x0D; A program of independent classes was developed according to scientific studies, which claim that anaerobic activity is as effective in stressful conditions as aerobic exercises, regime of alternating strength exercises and aerobics with a duration of 30 minutes. Exercise intensity was moderate to moderate, as any positive effect of exercise on reducing the risk of depressive symptoms may be limited by exercise intensity.&#x0D; Results received. The number of respondents who had a moderate degree of depression according to the Beck scale decreased by 15%. Also, the number of students with a mild degree of depression decreased by 34%, and the number of students with a normal psychological state increased accordingly (by 49%). Conclusions were made: 1. Self-exercise is an opportunity to support both physical and psychological health of a person. 2. In a stressful state, motor activity is a mandatory component for getting out of it and reducing its effect. 3. To reduce symptoms of depression, the focus should be on exercise frequency, not duration or intensity. 4. A mandatory condition for teachers of physical education departments of higher education institutions is the education of priority health orientations in students, motivational incentives for regular independent physical exercises, because systematic training is an important guarantee of normal physical and spiritual development of young people.

Factors associated with suicidal ideation among medical residents in Tehran during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicentric cross-sectional survey.

The mental health of medical residents, challenged by their intensive training, is of utmost concern. In light of reported suicides among Iranian medical residents in 2021, this study investigates the factors behind suicidal ideation among medical residents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tehran. This study conducted a cross-sectional online survey among medical residents in various specialties in Tehran, Iran, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), while depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the DASS-21. It also collected demographic and clinical data from the participants. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and multiple linear regression to examine the prevalence and determinants of suicidal ideation among medical residents. The study enrolled 353 medical residents and found that 34.3% of them had suicidal ideation, with 10.2% indicating a high risk. The study also found high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among the participants. The variables that significantly predicted suicidal ideation were depression, history of alcohol/substance use, personal history of suicide attempts, history of self-mutilation, family history of suicide attempts, number of shifts in a month, death of close persons because of COVID-19, and income. Depression was the strongest predictor of suicidal ideation. These findings underscore the urgent need for effective interventions and support systems to address the mental health needs of medical residents in Iran. The strategies should prioritize destigmatizing mental health, promoting access to mental health services, fostering a supportive training environment, and enhancing income opportunities.

Associations of rumination with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts amongst individuals with major depressive disorder: A 12-month longitudinal study in China

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the longitudinal associations of rumination with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). MethodsParticipants were derived from the Depression Cohort in China study (DCC). Those who completed at least one follow-up visit during the 12 months were included in the analysis. Dimensions of rumination including brooding and reflection were each measured using five items of the Ruminative Responses Scale. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Suicide attempts were also assessed and all were analyzed with generalized estimating equations. ResultsOur final sample included 532 participants aged 18 to 59 years (mean [SD], 26.91 [6.94] years) consisting of 148 (27.8%) males and 384 (72.2%) females. After adjusting for temporal trend and potential confounders, individuals with higher levels of reflection were more likely to report suicidal ideation (AOR =1.11, 95% CI:1.01–1.22). However, no statistically significant association was found between brooding and suicidal ideation (AOR =1.06, 95% CI:0.96–1.17). Conversely, individuals with higher levels of brooding were more likely to report suicide attempts (AOR =1.13, 95% CI:1.02–1.24), while no statistically significant association was observed between reflection and suicide attempts (AOR =0.91, 95% CI:0.82–1.01). ConclusionRumination reflects a disturbance in cognitive emotional processing and manifests in different dimensions. Our findings suggest that high levels of reflection and brooding may be associated with a higher likelihood of having suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, respectively. However, it should be interpreted with caution, given that effect sizes are small.

Exploring Narcissism in Suicidal Ideation Using the Italian Version of the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale.

Several theoretical and clinical observations lead to the hypothesis that pathological narcissism could be associated with suicide ideation due to the difficulty in regulating shame in a functional way. The present study investigated the roles of guilt, shame and rivalry in the relationship between pathological narcissism and suicidal ideation. A set of self-report questionnaires was completed by a sample of 936 Italian adults. These included the Italian version of the Guilt and Shame Proneness (GASP) scale, the Pathological Narcissism Inventory, the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, and the Narcissism Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire. A structural equation model that tested the factorial structure of the GASP and its invariance produced satisfactory results. Moreover, shame was a significant factor in the relationship between narcissism grandiosity and suicidal ideation. However, beta regression coefficients were low. These findings suggest that despite clinicians should consider the presence of suicidal ideation in patients with pathological narcissism and their maladaptive regulation of shame, the relationship between these variables is complex and deserve further investigation.

Suicidal ideation amongst medical students in Shiraz, South of Iran: a cross-sectional study

Suicide is a preventable act, but irreversible once committed; Hundreds of thousands of people commit suicide annually around the globe. One of the groups at high risk of suicide is medical students. Suicidal ideation (SI) is a forerunner to suicidal attempts which could be assessed. Since there are not enough data about this issue among Iranian medical students, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of SI and risk factors among Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) undergraduate medical students. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023 in the medical school of SUMS. Students willing to participate were recruited by stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire along with Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were carried out using BlueSky software. The study identified that 76 out of 308 attendees (24.7%, 95% CI: 19.9%-29.5%) reported experiencing suicidal ideation. Very severe depression [AOR= 26.705, 95% CI: (8.825 – 91.046)], Severe depression [AOR= 17.142, 95% CI: (5.567 – 58.121)], positive family history of psychiatric disorders [AOR= 4.181, 95% CI: (1.773 – 10.014)], comorbid mental illness [AOR= 2.502, 95% CI: (1.123 – 5.553)], were found to be statistically related to having SI. This study showed that one out of every four undergraduate medical students at SUMS has SI, which warns everyone to plan and act to prevent the loss of more lives. Depression, family history of psychiatric disorders, and comorbid mental diseases were found to be strongly associated with SI.

Methods of correction of chronic heart failure in patients of older age groups against the background of depressive disorders

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a common disease in patients of older age groups. Often these patients experience depressive disorders that affect the course of chronic diseases and their standard of living. Purpose. To study methods for increasing the effectiveness of treatment of CHF against the background of depressive disorders in patients of older age groups. Material and methods. The study involved 100 patients aged 60–87 years with functional class II–III CHF and mild to moderate depressive disorders. Patients were divided into groups depending on the therapy received: 1st (n=25) – standard therapy for CHF; 2nd (n=25) – standard therapy for CHF + antidepressant; 3rd (n=25) – standard therapy for CHF + phototherapy; 4th (n=25) – standard therapy for CHF + placebo. The effectiveness of CHF therapy was assessed after 3 and 6 weeks during clinical examination using a 6-minute walk test, ECG, echocardiography, and a clinical condition rating scale. To diagnose depressive disorders, the Geriatric Depression Scale, HADS, Beck scale, and consultations with a psychotherapist were used. Results. After 6 weeks of therapy, patients of all groups noted a decrease in shortness of breath and chest pain, and an increase in tolerance to physical activity. At the same time, the decrease in the level of anxiety and depression was most pronounced in groups 2 and 3 – in 84 and 100% of cases, respectively.

Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the Orbach Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale-8 in a Clinical Population.

Suicide is a growing public health issue for all societies; identifying suicide risk is crucial. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale-8 (OMMP-8), which enables the assessment of suicidality in a short time. We conducted this study with 148 individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder and 130 healthy controls. We administered the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDRS), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSIS), and Mee Bunney Psychological Pain Assessment Scale (MBPPAS) to all participants. Cronbach's alpha values were 0.96, 0.97, and 0.98 for Factors 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and 0.92 for the entire scale. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) proved the 3-factor structure of the scale. The OMMP-8 total score and HDRS (r = 0.851), BSIS (r = 0.836), BHS (r = 0.825), and MBPPAS (r = 0.881) total scores were statistically significantly correlated, indicating convergent and concurrent validity of the scale. The scale successfully discriminated between depression and control groups (89.6%) and participants with and without suicide attempts in the depression group (82.4%). This study demonstrates that the Turkish version of the OMMP-8 scale is valid and reliable for both individuals with depression and healthy controls and can be used in studies investigating suicide risk.

Sex differences in serum trace elements and minerals levels in unmedicated patients with major depressive episode: The role of suicidal ideation

BackgroundWe aimed to examine the influence of gender on serum trace elements and minerals levels in depression, as well as the impact of suicidal ideation (SI) on these gender dimorphisms. MethodsA total of 260 unmedicated patients with a current major depressive episode were enrolled. The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was utilized to evaluate SI. The serum levels of copper, zinc, iron, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were quantified. ResultsWithin the non-SI (NSI) group, females exhibited higher levels of copper (p = 0.001) and phosphorus (p = 0.008), and lower levels of zinc (p = 0.022) and calcium (p = 0.008) compared to males. Conversely, no discernible gender disparities were observed in the SI group (all p > 0.05). Also, no group differences in these trace elements/minerals were observed between the SI and NSI groups (all p > 0.05). Notably, serum iron levels exhibited a significant group-by-sex interaction effect (p = 0.024). Further analysis revealed that iron levels were higher in the SI group than in the NSI group among females (p = 0.048), but lower in females than in males within the NSI group (p < 0.001). Moreover, a positive association between the fourth quantile of serum iron and SI was detected in females (odds ratio [OR] = 2.88, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–8.11). ConclusionsGender effects on serum trace element/mineral levels were different in depressed patients with and without SI. Female patients were susceptible to SI when serum iron was at the upper end of normal.

Suicide ideation and male-female differences in major depressive disorder

Objective This study aimed to explore male-female differences in suicide ideation (SI) and suicide risk factors in major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods We analysed 482 adults (sample 1) and 438 elderly outpatients (sample 2) with MDD. Sample 1 was treated with different antidepressant combinations (escitalopram; bupropion plus escitalopram; venlafaxine plus mirtazapine) and assessed by means of the Concise Health Risk Tracking (SI), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Altman Mania Rating Scale and Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire. Sample 2 was treated with venlafaxine and assessed using the Hamilton scale for depression, Anxiety Sensitivity Index and Penn State Worry Questionnaire for anxiety, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Results In sample 1, females had greater depression severity (O.R 0.961 99%CI: 0.929 − 0.995), males reported more alcohol abuse (O.R 1.299 99%CI: 1.118 − 1.509) and active SI (O.R 1.109 99%CI: 1.005 − 1.255). In sample 2 men showed more severe SI (O.R 1.067; 99%CI: 1.014 − 1.122) and weight loss (OR = 5.89 99%CI: 1.01 − 34.19), women more gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusions In these selected samples, although women had more severe depression, men had more suicide risk factors. Such differences might contribute to men’s increased suicide risk.

Sleep Quality and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescent Depression: A Chain Mediation Effect of Perceived Social Support and Resilience.

The prevalence of suicide is high among major depressive adolescents. Poor sleep quality has been documented as a significant risk factor for suicide, influencing perceived social support. Enhanced social support acts as a buffer against suicidal ideation and positively impacts resilience, reducing the prevalence of suicidal ideation. This reciprocal relationship between sleep quality, social support and resilience forms the basis for understanding the mechanisms contributing to suicidal ideation in major depressive adolescents. A total of 585 major depressive adolescents aged 11 to 24 years was conducted to explore these associations. Assessments included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Pearson correlation and Model 6 in the SPSS program were employed for chain mediating tests. Better sleep quality positively predicted decreased suicide ideation (β = 0.207, p < 0.01) and predicted lower perceived social support (β = -0.226, p < 0.01) and resilience (β = -0.355, p < 0.01). Perceived social support positively predicted increased resilience (β = 0.422, p < 0.01) and negatively predicted suicide ideation (β = -0.288, p < 0.01). Resilience negatively predicted suicide ideation (β = -0.187, p < 0.01). Sleep quality indirectly predicted suicide ideation through perceived social support and resilience, with a mediation value of 0.0678 (95% CI [0.0359, 0.1060]), constituting 10.65% of the total effect. This study establishes that sleep quality indirectly predicts suicide ideation in major depressive adolescents, mediated independently by perceived social support and resilience.

The Relationship between Family Support and Suicide Ideation in College Students

Introduction: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among teenagers and early adults. Suicidal behavior is related to the family support provided. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between family support and suicidal ideation among students at a university in Pekanbaru, Riau. Method: This research uses a descriptive correlation design using a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 100 respondents taken using the accidental sampling technique. The measuring instruments used were the Perceived Social Support-Family Scale (PSS-Fa) questionnaire for family support and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS) for suicidal ideation. Data analysis used the chi-square test. Results: It is known that the majority of respondents have family support in the good and sufficient categories with the same number, namely 39 respondents (39.0%). For the variable suicidal ideation, the majority of respondents were in the low risk category totaling 52 respondents (52.0%), while the remainder were in the high risk category totaling 28 respondents (28.0%) and very high risk totaling 20 respondents (20 .0%). The results of statistical tests show that there is a relationship between family support and suicidal ideation in students (p value 0.021 α 0.05). Conclusion: Family support has a significant relationship with suicidal ideation.

Sociodemographic and Clinical Profile of Suicide Attempters: A Tertiary Care Center Study

Background: Suicide is a primary health concern worldwide, and has a negative impact on the individual, family, and society. The literature suggests that females are more prone to attempt suicide and have more suicidal inclinations; however, males are more serious suicide attempters compared to females. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients admitted to acute care with the current suicide attempt. Materials and Methods: One hundred consecutive patients, aged between 18 and 60 years, who were medically stable and presented to the emergency or medical wards at the hospital with suicidal attempt, were included in this study. Beck’s Suicide Intent Scale (SIS), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory–II were administered to assess the current suicidal intent and ideation, depression, and hopelessness. Results: The diagnostic breakup was – 69% mood (affective) disorders, 21% adjustment disorders, 4% schizophrenia, and 6% other disorders. Most suicide attempters were female (66% vs. 34%) and belonged to a younger age group (28.30 ± 10.08 years vs. 34.73 ± 13.97 years) compared to males (P &lt; 0.05). Although both genders displayed high suicide intent, a significant difference in the SIS score was noted between females and males (36.53 ± 7.68 vs. 41.47 ± 8.82; P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: There is a difference in the clinical and demographic profile among male and female suicide attempters. Hence, appropriate interventions can be devised to prevent the future suicide attempts as per the demographic and clinical characteristics specific to the study population.

Mental pain as a mediator in the association between avoidant attachment and suicidal ideation among older men

Objectives In the present study, our aim was to deepen the understanding of suicidality in older men by adopting a biopsychosocial approach. The study focused on older men as they face an elevated risk of suicide, surpassing not only other age groups but also exhibiting higher rates compared to women. We examined the contribution of mental pain as a mediator in the association between attachment avoidance and suicidal ideation among older men, taking into consideration the severity of their physical illnesses. Methods Participants were 200 men in Israel, aged ≥65 years, living in the community and without cognitive impairment. Data collection was based on self-report measures of suicidal ideation (Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, BSSI), attachment (Experience in Close Relationships, ECR-R), mental pain (Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale, OMMP), and the severity of physical illnesses (Cumulative Illnesses Rating Scale, CIRS). Results Mental pain was found to mediate the association between attachment avoidance and suicidal ideation, but only among participants with higher levels of physical illnesses. Conclusions Mental pain should be considered as a complication of an avoidant coping strategy, which increases the risk of suicide among older men, especially those suffering from significant physical illnesses. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.