Basrah Province Research Articles

A survey of Ectoparasites Infestation in Stray Dogs in Basrah Province / Iraq

One hundred samples of stray dogs with different ages and sex we examined to investigate the occurrence of ectoparasites, from the period of October 2015 to May 2016. These samples were collected from different regions in Basrah province, the study showed the presence of three types of ectoparasites which are tick Rhipicephallus sanguineus (38.2% ), lice species was Heterodoxus longitrasus (57.35%) and fleas was Stenocephalides canis (4.4 %).The highest rate was record in Shatt Al-Arab region (100%) while the lowest infestation rate was (35%) in Al-Faw region. Ear and neck region of stray dogs body were infected by ectoparasites more than other region of the body (100 %) respectively total infestation rate was 68%. There were significant difference at (p < 0.01) in the prevalence of all detected ectoparasites in relation to the sexes of dogs. Because of the stray dogs are reservoirs for zoonotic intestinal protozoa and helminthes parasites and ectoparasites should be considered important to public health, so may have an important role in transmission of some disease to human, so this study was designed to investigate ectoparasites in stray dogs in Basrah province.

Clinical and serological study of Lumpy skin disease in cattle in Basrah Provence

This study was conducted in Basrah at period from August 2018 till February 2019. Six hindered (600) blood samples were collected from different fields of cattle suspected infected with LSD according to the clinical examination at Al Mudaina and Al Qurnah town, north of Basrah province to detect the antibodies against LSD (550 females, 50 males, 200 calves less than one year old, and 400 cows aged more than one year). The result revealed that, the overall prevalence of LSD in cattle was 18.66% ( 112 out of 600 ), the prevalence of disease in calves was 30% ( 60 out of 200 ) ;While in cow was 13% ( 52 out of 400 ), and there was significant differences in the prevalence of LSD between calves and cows ( P˂ 0.05 ). The prevalence of LSD in female was 16.3% (90 out of 550), while in male was 44% (22 out of 50), and there was significant differences in prevalence of LSD between males and females. The clinical study revealed that LSD was found in three clinical forms include nodular dermatitis observed in 104 cases (92.8%), arthritis in 20 cases (17.8%) and lymphadenopathy in 3 cases (2.5%).

The experimental study of pathological changes of visceral leishmaniasis in dog in Basrah province

The experimental study of pathological changes of visceral leishmaniasis in dog in Basrah province

Screening and sensitivity of non-lactose fermenting bacteria to antibiotics by Vitek-2 compact system

We are collected 150 clinical sample from different private veterinary clinics in Basrah province . Included 25 isolates from nasal discharge, 45 from feces , 35 from pus/wound infections, 20 from blood and 25 from ear swab .All isolates were subjected to microscopic examination and diagnosed 4 species of Non- Fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli (NFGNB) bacteria based on 47 biochemical tests by Vitek 2 a compact system where the species were 48 strain (32%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , 32 strain (21.33%) of Burkholderia cepacia, 31strain (20.66%) of Sphingomonas paucimobilis, 20 strain (13.33%) of Proteus mirabilis and 19 strain (12.66%) of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus . NFGNB results showed antibiotic susceptibility to different antibiotic resistance and susceptibility, where isolates showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia and Proteus mirabilis were susceptibility to antibiotic Meropenem (80% -98%), while Acinetobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa least susceptible to Cefuroxime and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (20% – 30%). The bacteria showed Sphingomonas paucimobilis showed resistance to all the antibiotics tested. The current study was carried out with the aim of diagnosing and identifying NFGNB isolated from clinical samples and evaluating their clinical importance and study of antibiotic resistance.

Detection of Entamoeba histolytica antigen in stool specimens by using ELISA in Basrah province

In the present study, we have been used an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ( ELISA) for detection of E. histolytica E. dispar and comparing it with microscopic examination .Sixty five samples were examined by ioden staining was positive in 35 ( 53.6 % ) then these iodine positive samples examined by ELISA a lotof which 33 ( 94.2 % ) were positive in the mean time 4 ( 13.33 % ) were positive in ELISA although that they were negative in microscopic exam.It can be concluded that microscopical examination has low sensitivity and specificity in comparision with ELISA.

Microbiological study and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ear infections in patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) in Basrah Province

The ear infections are highly popular disease in the world. Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the prevalent hearing problems, this infection of the middle ear may extend to cranium that can cause many serious complications if not treated duly. It is famed for its return enduring infection. The causative agents of bacteria or fungi may be cause the CSOM infection. Therefore, our study is mainly aimed to identify the bacterial isolates which causing of CSOM and detect some isolates of fungi which implicated in this ear infection with performed of the antimicrobial susceptibility test. The study was executed on people whose attending the outpatients clinic of ENT in AL-Mwanee General Hospital during the period from November, 2016 to May, 2017 in Basrah governorate. Ear swab samples were collected and processed from eighty five (85) patients of CSOM by the following of standard bacteriological procedures mainly, for isolation and identification the bacterial pathogens, in addition, common diagnosis methods was used to detect of some fungal isolates. The positive microbial growth cultures were seen in 59 cases with frequent of (69.41 %) and 26 cases were negative in frequent of (30.58%). Their ages ranged from 1-60 years with high incidence of CSOM in age groups ≤ 10 and 31-50 years old in percent's of (38.82 % and 24.70 %) respectively. Polymicrobial samples from the total isolates (89) which identified in this study were (82) aerobic bacterial isolates in frequent (92.13 %) and 7 fungal isolates in frequent of (7.86 %). The most predominant bacterial isolated which causing CSOM was Pseudomonas aeruginosa in ratio (34.83 %) followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and P.vulgaris in proportions: 29.21% , 10.11% , 8.98% , 6.74% , 1.12% and 1.12% . While, the most common fungal detection which causing of CSOM was Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. with frequently: 71.42% and 28.57%. Susceptibility test was done for known the best antibiotic agents which can be used as a proper treatment to CSOM infection. In the present study the most effective antibiotics agents for most of bacterial isolates were Ciprofloxacin, Vancomycin, Amikacin, Augmentin, Amox-Clav and Gentamycin.

Effect of Emulsifying Petroleum Derivatives, Water Deficit Treatment and Emitters Discharge on Dry Weight, Grain yield and Water use Efficiency of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

A field experiment was conducted in Qurnah district, Basrah province on clay soil to study the effect of six treatments of emulsifying petroleum derivatives with irrigation water by using emulsifying agent adding directly to soil surface, gas oil with two ratios of 0.3% (g3) and 0.5% (g5) w/w of soil dry weight, two admixture treatments of fuel oil and gas oil (1:1) with two ratio 0.3%(go3) and 0.5% (go5), fuel oil 0.3% (o3) and control treatment 0% (c) without any addition. The effect of water deficit factor also studied with two levels 0.85 (w1) and 0.65 (w2) of available water by using drip irrigation with two emitters; low discharge 5 Lhr-1 (Ld) and high discharge 15Lhr-1(Hd). The results showed that all emulsified derivative conditioners significantly increased dry weight, grain yield and water use efficiency calculated for dry weight WUE (d) and grain WUE (g) of sunflower compared with control treatment, especially at g5 and go5 treatments which recorded the highest values. Soil capability for saving water and available water increased as a result of the addition of emulsified oil derivatives, which contributed to increase the interval time between irrigation periods and reduce the quantity of irrigation water with less value appearing at g5 and go5 under 65% water deficit treatment by using 15 Lhr-1 emitter discharge. Increasing emitter discharge from 5 to 15 L hr -1, and increasing irrigation deficit from 0.65 to 0.85 led to increasing all growth parameters, except water use efficiency.

Effect of Emulsifying Petroleum Derivatives, Water Deficit Treatment and Emitters Discharge on Dry Weight, Grain yield and Water use Efficiency of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

A field experiment was conducted in Qurnah district, Basrah province on clay soil to study the effect of six treatments of emulsifying petroleum derivatives with irrigation water by using emulsifying agent adding directly to soil surface, gas oil with two ratios of 0.3% (g3) and 0.5% (g5) w/w of soil dry weight, two admixture treatments of fuel oil and gas oil (1:1) with two ratio 0.3%(go3) and 0.5% (go5), fuel oil 0.3% (o3) and control treatment 0% (c) without any addition. The effect of water deficit factor also studied with two levels 0.85 (w1) and 0.65 (w2) of available water by using drip irrigation with two emitters; low discharge 5 Lhr-1 (Ld) and high discharge 15Lhr-1(Hd). The results showed that all emulsified derivative conditioners significantly increased&nbsp; dry weight, grain yield and water use efficiency calculated for dry weight WUE (d) and grain WUE (g) of sunflower compared with control treatment, especially at g5 and go5 treatments which recorded the highest values. Soil capability for saving water and available water increased as a result of the addition of emulsified oil derivatives, which contributed to increase the interval time between irrigation periods and reduce the quantity of irrigation water with less value appearing at g5 and go5 under 65% water deficit treatment by using 15 Lhr-1 emitter discharge. Increasing emitter discharge from&nbsp; 5 to 15 L hr -1, and increasing irrigation deficit from 0.65 to 0.85 led to increasing all growth parameters, except water use efficiency.

First record of tomato late blight in Basrah province (Short Notes)

PlaTomato production in Al-Zubair district, Basrah province, Iraq was affected by late blight disease that was not recorded before in this geographical area. The symptoms were firstly appeared in December 2018 in several farms of Al-Zubair district. The infection was spread widely at January 2019 according to the environmental conditions that fitted the development infection. The pathogen was identified morphologically as Phytophthora infestans.

Neglected Zoonoses and the Missing Opportunities for One Health Education: The Case of Cystic Echinococcosis among Surgically Operated Patients in Basrah, Southern Iraq.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is recognized as a neglected disease of public health significance throughout the world, particularly in low and middle-income countries. The objectives of this study were to describe the characteristics, attitudes, knowledge, and practices of some Basrah province residents diagnosed with CE. Using a questionnaire survey, we interviewed 50 surgically operated cases of CE from Basrah, south Iraq. The cases comprised of 31 females and 19 males, of which 74% originated from rural areas. The questionnaire contained 30 questions and focused on gathering the demographic characteristics of the patients and capturing their overall knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward CE. Approximately half of the participants reported slaughtering livestock at home for their families’ consumption, 78% indicated the presence of a large number of stray dogs roaming freely about their village, 86% reported that they never boiled water before drinking it, and 26% reported not washing vegetables before eating them. Although a large proportion of the participants (72%) had heard of hydatid disease before becoming sick, over half (57%) were not aware of how the disease can be transmitted from animals to humans. This study highlights a gap in One Health education efforts regarding CE in southern Iraq, with a lack of counselling of patients on how to prevent reinfection. An intensive One Health education program should be implemented in Basrah to reduce CE at the human–animal interface. Lack of awareness on zoonoses among medical professionals, who are supposed to disseminate advice on preventative measures to their patients, is a challenge to the public health system.

Prevalence of thyroid incidentaloma detected by high-resolution ultrasound and their potential risk of malignancy in healthy individuals in Basrah Province

Background: This study conducted to define the prevalence and potential risk of malignancy of thyroid incidentaloma in a healthy population using high-resolution ultrasound. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study between December 2017 and March 2018, included 1200 asymptomatic adults participants (1000 women aged 15–70 years and 200 men aged 19–65 year). The prevalence of thyroid incidentaloma, their distribution according to age and sex, nodule size, ultrasound characteristics, and risk stratification of malignancy using Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) grade were studied. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) examination was done for some specific patients. Results: The prevalence of thyroid incidentaloma was 27.3%. Thyroid incidentaloma were more prevalent in females and elderly people in both sexes mainly in 60–75-year-old peoples. Nodules were solitary in 244 (74.4%) and multiple in 84 (25.6%) patients. The size of 186 nodules (45.1%) were

Determination of Immunological Markers associated with Celiac Disease in Basrah province

Determination of Immunological Markers associated with Celiac Disease in Basrah province

Concentrations Of Some Chemical Elements In Human Hair From Basrah Province, Iraq

Concentrations Of Some Chemical Elements In Human Hair From Basrah Province, Iraq

Multi Drug Resistant and Biofilm Formation of Staphylococci Isolated from Patient with Diabetic Foot Infection in Basrah Province

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is characterized by a classical triad of neuropathy, ischemia and infection. Patient with Diabetic foot ulcers frequently required lower extremity amputations. Eighty one swab samples were collected from patient with Diabetic foot ulcers, from different hospitals in Basra governorate (Al-Fayhaa General Hospital). All samples were subjected to classical biochemical tests. Gram positive-vitek 2 card system was used for the definitive diagnosis of Gram-positive bacterial samples, 78 samples Gram-positive from 81 samples were diagnosed, and these isolates were found to be of the following species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus lentus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus thoraltensis, Kytococcus sedentarius. Many bacterial species showed multiple-drug resistance, such as Staphylococcus aureus which were more resistant to the following antibiotics: -Oxacillin, Trimethoprim, Tetracycline. The results showed that Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus lentus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Kytococcus sedentarius had the ability to produce biofilm which revealed by various methods, such as Congo red agar qualitative method, and tissue culture plate quantitative method.

Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria of Periodontitis in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients in Basrah Province, South of Iraq

Periodontitis considered as polymicrobial disease since that the primary etiologic agents is sub gingival plaque bacteria, while the specific pathogens interaction is more relevant in the progress of the disease than are individual's species. Samples resulted in isolation of 66 bacterial isolates include 38 isolates were diagnosed with bacteriological methods belong to 10 species of 6 genera confirmed by Vitek 2 Compact System, Anaerococcus prevotii, Lactobacillus fermentum Biofidobacterium spp, Peptophillus asaccharolytiucs, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus parcasei and Actinomyces naeslundii. The Epsilometer-test reveal that the species Anaerococcus prevotii, Lactobacillus plantarum and Actinomyces israelii showed resistance to Tetracyclin, while Anaerococcus prevotii showed resistance to Clarithromycin, Nalidixic Acid and Tetracyclin. The species Anaerococcus prevotii was sensitive to Ciproflaxacin, while Peptophillus asaccharolytiucs was sensitive to tetracycline and resistant to Nalidixic Acid. Samples were collected during the period between May 2016 and April 2017. GCF was collected by absorbent paper points from a total 73 patients suffering from periodontitis comprised 41(56.16%) specimens of diabetic patients and 32(43.83%) specimens of non-diabetic patients. No significant differences were observed (p>0.05), including 32 male represent (43.38%) and 41 female represent (56.16%) with no significant differences in the percentages of isolation between the sexes (p>0.05).

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of 50 Patients with Surgically Treated Cystic Echinococcosis from Basrah Province, Iraq

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is recognised worldwide as a neglected disease of public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The objectives of this study were to describe, using a questionnaire survey, the characteristics, attitudes, knowledge, and practices of patients with CE from Basrah Province, Iraq. We interviewed 50 patients, 31 female and 19 male, of whom, 74% originated from rural areas. Approximately half (48%) of the participants reported slaughtering livestock at home for their families’ consumption; 78% indicated the presence of a large number of stray dogs roaming freely about their village; 86% reported that they never boiled water prior to drinking it; and 26% reported not washing vegetables prior to eating them. Although a large proportion of the participants (72%) had heard of hydatid disease prior to becoming ill, over half (57%) were not aware how the disease was transmitted from animals to humans. This study highlighted a gap in health education efforts regarding CE in Southern Iraq, with a lack of counselling of patients on how to prevent reinfection. An intensive control programme should be implemented and founded on health education to reduce CE disease in Basrah.

Physicochemical Quality Assessment and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Quality in Basrah, Iraq

Groundwater is the very vital natural resource which must not be essentially utilized and sustained unless its quality is precisely evaluated. A total of 41 groundwater samples were collected from selected areas within Basrah province in 2014 to assess its suitability for irrigation uses. Physicochemical indices such as permeability index (PI 5.44 to 84.32 meq L-1), percentage of sodium (Na% 8.87 to 51.03 meq L-1) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR 0.11 to 39.33 meq L-1) indicate that the groundwater in the study area is suitable for irrigation except for few locations. The results show that the high values of total dissolved solids (TDS &gt; 3000 mg L-1) for some samples minimized their application for irrigation. Principal component and cluster analyses were usually used as a supporting tool for assistance arrange and interpret the chemical analysis. Three principal components explanation for most of the variability in the groundwater data were represented.

Assessment of Water Quality of Shatt Al-Basrah Canal using Water Pollution Index

This study evaluates the water quality for the Canal of Shatt Al-Basrah, located in Basrah province, Iraq. The Shatt Al-Basrah Canal used to connect the waterway from Al-Hammar marshes in the north of Basrah province, to Khor Al-Zubair port in the south of the province. Nine physicochemical water quality parameters have been measured and analyzed for calculating the water pollution index (WPI) in the Canal. These parameters, which were used in developing the WPI, included: Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Nitrate (NO3-), Calcium (Ca2+), Total Alkalinity (TA.), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sodium (Na+), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sulfate (SO42-), Phosphate (PO43-), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Hardness (TH), Chloride (Cl-), Magnesium (Mg2+), and Potassium (K+). The aim of this paper is to analyze and assess the water pollution of the Shatt Al-Basrah Canal in the year 2014, making use of the WPI method. The annual WPI mean value during the study period was more than the safe value; therefore, the water quality of the Canal ranged from impure (type V) to the heavily impure (type VI) and hence definitely regarded as unsuitable for drinking uses. Consequently, there is a need that is immediate to take some measures to stop the pollution and enhance the water quality of the Canalas a component that is integral tothe environment in Basrah province. In Basrahprovince, the disposal of wastewater in the Shatt Al-Basrah Canal is big maintenance difficulty of the Canal water quality.

Optimum Groundwater Pumping Rate in Safwan-Zubair Area, Basrah Province, Using Simulated Annealing Technique

Safwan-Zubair area is located in the south –west part of Basrah Province in the south of Iraq, this area is involved within the Dibdibba plain which is considered as a part of Iraqi Western Desert. Dibdibba formation consists mainly from sand and gravel with some cementing materials like silt and clay, especially in the west of Zubair area. A linked simulation-optimization model for obtaining the optimum pumping rate of groundwater is presented in this paper. Processing Modflow for Windows (PMWIN v.5) is selected to simulate the aquifer behavior being studied. This model is integrated with an optimization model which is based on the simulated annealing (SA) technique. The calibrated values of hydraulic conductivity vary over the range (15-150) m/day; while, the calibrated values of specific yield vary over the range (0.125-0.45). The objective function converges to a maximum value of (0.636925E+8 m3/year). The percentage ratio of inactive wells is 10.9 %, many wells in the study area that occupy incorrect positions, these wells must be turn off for obtaining optimum pumping rate in the study area.

First record of tomato late blight in Basrah province (Short Notes)

First record of tomato late blight in Basrah province (Short Notes)