Basophils Research Articles

Synergistic Effect of Berberine-Based Chinese Medicine Assembled Nanostructures on Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome In Vivo

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is one common chronic functional disease of the digestive system with limited treatments. The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) has a central function in the pathogeny of IBS-D, which includes the participation of many various factors, such as brain-gut peptides (BGPs), immune inflammation, and intestinal flora. Inspired by the drug combination in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), our previous study discovered that berberine (BBR) and baicalin (BA) could form natural self-assemblies as BA-BBR nanoparticles (BA-BBR NPs) and showed synergistic effects against IBS-D. Here, we investigated the synergistic effects of BA-BBR NPs on IBS-D model mice induced by chronic restraint stress plus Senna alexandrina Mill decoction with the influence on MGBA. BA-BBR NPs showed the best therapeutic effect on improving visceral hypersensitivity and diarrhea on IBS-D model mice, compared with BBR, BA, and BA/BBR mixture. Furthermore, BA-BBR NPs significantly (P<0.05) reduced the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and choline acety transferase (CHAT) in colon tissues or of serum from BGPs; it lowered the expressions of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in colon tissues and changed the levels of basophil granulocyte (BASO) and leukomonocyte (LYMPH) in whole blood from immune inflammation; it altered the intestinal flora of Bacteroidia, Deferribacteres, Verrucomicrobia, Candidatus_Saccharibacteria, and Cyanobacteria from intestinal flora. In conclusion, BA-BBR NPs, after forming the natural self-assembly between BBR and BA, promoted the synergistic effect on IBS-D mice than the sum of BBR and BA effects, based to the formation of self-assemblies rather than the simple mixing. It further proved that synergistic effect of BA-BBR NPs on IBS-D mice might be related to BGPs, immune inflammation, and intestinal flora from three important interrelated components of MGBA. This study will provide a novel idea for the interpretation of TCM compatibility theory and provide the basis for BA-BBR NPs as a medicinal plant-derived natural and efficient nanomaterial for clinical use.

Evaluation of the Indicators of Inflammation in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: Effect of Sex and Subtype

Aim: It was aimed to evaluate the hematological inflammatory markers in treatment-naive and comorbidity-free children and adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in this study.Material and Methods: One hundred sixty-nine children aged 6-18, who were diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-5 criteria were included in the study. Age and sex-matched 59 healthy children without any psychiatric and/or medical disorder were included as a control group. The children who had an intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder, acute, chronic or inflammatory diseases were excluded from the study. Smoking, obesity and using psychotropic medications and lack of data in records were other exclusion criteria. ADHD and control groups were compared in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, inflammatory markers and hematological parameters.Results: Mean platelet volume (MPV) and Basophil (BASO) levels were significantly higher in the ADHD group compared to the control group and this statistical difference was only observed for boys. In hyperactivity subtype, red cell distribution width (RDW), lymphocyte (LYMPH) and monocytes (MONO) were higher; in attention deficit subtype mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR) was higher than all other subtypes and control group. MPV was similar in three subtypes, and were higher in all of them than the control group.Conclusion: This study revealed that MPV and BASO tend to be higher in the ADHD group especially in boys. Hematological biomarkers may be useful for diagnosis of ADHD and determination of ADHD subtypes but data on this subject are insufficient and more comprehensive studies are needed.

Avaliação quantitativa da produção de leucócitos e imunoglobulinas em mulheres em tratamento para depressão

Objetivo: verificar possíveis alterações de células do sistema imune (leucograma) e imunoglobulinas em mulheres com depressão. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e analítico, conduzido com 50 mulheres (com depressão n=25; sem depressão n=25) residentes na região do Vale do Araguaia, Brasil. As mulheres foram investigadas por meio da coleta de uma amostra de sangue periférico, sendo determinadas as concentrações de leucócitos através da contagem de células por citometria de fluxo e as concentrações de imunoglobulinas por imunoturbidimetria. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis e DUNN. Este estudo foi aprovado por um Comité de Ética e Pesquisa (CAAE: 34568014.8.0000.5587). Resultados: a amostra, foi composta por mulheres com média de idade de 37±10,59 anos, brancas/pardas e solteiras. Prevaleceu mulheres não fumantes e que não tem hábito de consumir bebidas alcoólicas. A depressão esteve presente entre 50% da amostra. Quanto à avaliação do leucograma entre os grupos (com depressão e sem depressão), observou-se uma diferença significativa no valor sérico dos Basófilos, e as concentrações totais das Imunoglobulinas não apresentam diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Conclusão: neste estudo a depressão não interferiu na concentração das células leucocíticas nem na produção de imunoglobulinas, podendo estar relacionado ao uso em longo prazo de fármacos psiquiátricos, por possuírem propriedades imunomoduladoras, destacando a importância de realizar um tratamento e acompanhamento para depressão.

Chronic spontaneous urticaria in pediatric age

Introduction: Chronic spontaneous urticaria is characterized by emergence of pruritic maculopapular cutaneous lesions recurring for more than six weeks, without known triggering factor. Association with autoimmunity is sometimes present, with urticaria preceding the onset of autoimmune disease.Clinical case: A five-year-old female with a personal history of allergic asthma and family history of thyroid disease was referred to the Immunoallergology consultation for cutaneous complaints compatible with urticaria with more than three years of evolution. Inducible urticaria forms were excluded. Analytical study revealed positive antinuclear antibodies with a 1/320 titer and positive basophil activation test after stimulation with autologous serum. Control of cutaneous manifestations was achieved with full dose antihistaminic H1. Conclusion: Chronic spontaneous urticaria associated with autoimmunity is rare in children. Clinical follow-up should be maintained to evaluate disease control and enable early recognition of other autoimmunity manifestations.

Influence of Transport Stress on the Adaptation Potential of Chickens

Influence of Transport Stress on the Adaptation Potential of Chickens

AML-MRC with Basophilia Mimicking CLPD Due to Abnormally Clumped Chromatin.

AML-MRC with Basophilia Mimicking CLPD Due to Abnormally Clumped Chromatin.

Effectiveness of Dual Antibacterial Therapy and Effectiveness of Recommendation Criteria as a Diagnostic Tool in Children with Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis

Summary Introduction Acute appendicitis (AA) – acute inflammation and infection of the appendix – is one of the most common cause for abdominal surgery in pediatrics. Appendectomy has been the gold standard since 1735, but in recent years there have been several studies that investigate antibacterial therapy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis. In 2016 new recommendations for suspected AA were implemented in emergency department setting of Children's Clinical University Hospital (CCUH). Aim of the Study To evaluate whether diagnostic criteria for patients with a suspected acute appendicitis is effective as a diagnostic tool and to evaluate whether dual antibacterial therapy is safe and effective as first line treatment for children with diagnosis of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in CCUH. Material and methods A retrospective study was made in CCUH from January 2017 to December 2017. Patients aged 7 to 18 with suspected uncomplicated acute appendicitis were identified and data were collected from an internal hospital management system and patients’ medical records. Patients were divided into two groups – A and B. In group A were patients who met the criteria of uncomplicated AA, and in group B – patients who met the criteria of complicated AA. Both groups received ampicillin and metronidazole. For statistical analysis IBM SPSS Statistics 22 program was used. Results From 98 patients majority were boys (51% (n=50)) with mean age 12.6 years. As a result of antibacterial therapy clinical condition improved in 93% (n=89) of patients who were discharged without surgery. 7 patients did not improve and underwent surgery within 48 hours after admission, another 2 had elective appendectomy. There was a significant positive moderate correlation between C–reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), basophil granulocytes (BASO) and appendix diameter at admisson and after 48 hours of dual antibacterial therapy (r=0.31, p=0.003 vs. r=0.37, p&lt;0.001 vs. r=0.41, p=0.017 vs. r=0.51, p=0.013). In group A (68% (n=67)) there was a significant positive moderate correlation between CRP, WBC and appendix diameter at admission and after 48 hours of dual antibacterial therapy (r=0.31, p=0.003 vs. r=0.37, p&lt;0.001 vs. r=0.51, p=0.013). In group B (30% (n=31)) 7 patients underwent appendectomy and 2 patients received a broad spectrum antibacterial therapy prior to elective appendectomy. There is evidence of significant association between ALVARADO score (p=0.004), rebound tenderness (p&lt;0.001), WBC (p=0.004), CRP (p&lt;0.001) and stage in which appendicitis has progressed to. Conclusions Antibiotic-alone treatment may be a safe and effective initial management choice in children with uncomplicated acute appendicitis. However, to fully evaluate effectiveness of antibacterial therapy and diagnostic criteria, further follow–up research is needed. A normal C–reactive protein value does not rule out uncomplicated acute appendicitis, therefore it can not act as a single marker to diagnose AA or to differentiate between complicated and uncomplicated AA. Recommendations of treatment of UCAA are acceptable for use in emergency department as they act as a unified tool that allows pediatricians and pediatric surgeons to quickly assess suspected acute appendicitis.

Blood cells and their effect on the lipid profile in women with essential hypertension

Aim.To find out the relationship of particular blood cells (BC) and their ratios with lipid metabolism in patients with essential hypertension (EH), with (EH-1) and without kinesiotherapy (EH-2).Material and methods.The study included 30 healthy women (control group) and 72 women with EH, which were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (EH-1) — 37 women with stage II (target organ damage classification) hypertension who receive antihypertensive therapy; group 2 (EH-2) — 35 women who underwent antihypertensive therapy and kinesiotherapy (3-4 courses for 2-3 years).Results.Correlation analysis revealed that the studied relationships in healthy women, EH-1 and EH-2 women can be either direct or inverse. In healthy women, we observed negative association of monocytes (MON) with atherogenic index (AI), a positive association of basophils (BAS) with high density lipoproteins (HDL) and its negative association with low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and AI and red blood cells/platelets (RBC/PLT ratio) with HDL. Negative associations of lymphocytes (LYM)/BAS ratio with triglyceride (TG) and eosinophils (EOS)/BAS ratio with LDL were also detected. Patients with EH-1 had a direct relationship between LYM/EOS ratio and TG. In patients with EH-2, a negative relationship was found between PLT and HDL, MON and HDL, neutrophils (NEU)/MON ratio and TAG, and a positive — between white blood cells (WBC), NEU, MON and AI, LYM and TAG, MON and TAG, as well as AI.Conclusion.The obtained data indicate that all BC and their ratios in women with/without EH and with/without kinesiotherapy affect the lipid metabolism.

Clinacanthus nutans aqueous extract suppresses the release of histamine and β-Hexosaminidase inin-vitro model of IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation

Introduction: Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau, a shrub found in South East Asia, particularly in Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia has many potential medicinal uses. It is used as a traditional herbal medicine for treating many diseases including skin rashes. Skin rash often appear in an allergic reaction. Recently, we have shown that C. nutans aqueous extract has the ability to alleviate ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis rats from anaphylaxis – the acute form of allergy. This present study is aimed at comparing the ability of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of C. nutans to suppress IgE-mast cell degranulation. Materials and Methods: IgE-presensitized rat basophilic leukemic (RBL-2H3) cells pretreated with C. nutans ethanolic (100% ethanolic, 70% and 50% aqueous ethanolic) or 100% aqueous extracts were challenged with dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin to analyze the release of early and late-phase pro-inflammatory mediators. Results: We found that at concentrations of 5 mg/ml and above, C. nutans aqueous extract was able to suppress the levels of β-hexosaminidase and histamine while suppression was not seen in ethanolic extracts pretreated RBL-2H3 cells.Conclusion: Hence, we proposed that C. nutans aqueous extract is more active compared to the ethanolic extracts in suppressing the mediators of IgE-mast cell degranulation.

Submicroscopic changes of periodont in simulation of chronic opioid influence during ten weeks and medicamental correction

Prolonged opioid abuse provokes lesions of the tooth-jaw system, making it difficult to carry out differential diagnosis and treatment of pathology of organs and tissues, of the oral cavity.The purpose of the work — to find out the peculiarities of ultrastructural organization of periodontal tissues with the medication corrective action of pentoxifylline and ceftriaxone against the background of a ten-week opioid exposure.Material and methods. The studies were performed on white adult male rats (22), who were administered intramuscularly opioid analgesic nalbuphine for 70 days, gradually increasing the dose every 2 weeks (from 0.212 to 0.283 mg/kg). Pentoxifylline (2.857 mg/kg) for 4 weeks and ceftriaxone (2.86 mg/kg) for 11 days were used to correct pathological changes in the periodontium. For electron microscopic examination, we used fragments of periodontal tissues in the gum region, and ultrathin sections were made according to conventional methods.Results. Submicroscopically, in the epithelial cells of the mucous membrane of the rats revealed shallow invasions of carioma, swelling of mitochondria, indistinctly structured intercellular contacts, available nuclei and euchromatin in the karyoplasm. In the periodontal lesions of collagen fibril ordering are present, leukocyte infiltration, tissue basophils and macrophages are degranulated. There is a certain improvement in the structural organization of the components of the microcirculatory bed, erythrocytes are predominantly present in the lumens of the blood capillaries, and no sludge effect has been detected.Conclusions. The use of the combined action of drugs pentoxifylline and ceftriaxone causes a protective effect, favorably affecting the microcirculation, which indicates a slight positive dynamics of the ultrastructural organization of constituents of periodontal components against the background of long-acting opioids.

Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination at birth and differential white blood cell count in infancy. A randomised clinical trial

BackgroundThe Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) may have beneficial non-specific effects (NSEs) beyond the protection against TB. This may be related to modifications of the innate immune system. We investigated the effect of BCG at birth on differential white blood cell (WBC) count in healthy, Danish infants. MethodThe Danish Calmette Study randomised newborns to BCG at birth (Danish strain 1331, Statens Serum Institut) or no intervention. A sub-group of infants had blood samples collected 4 days after randomisation (n = 161), and at age 3 months (n = 152) and 13 months (n = 300). We evaluated the effect of BCG on WBC differential count (total leucocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophil, neutrophil and basophil granulocytes (109 cells/L)) measured in peripheral blood. ResultsOverall, we found no effect of BCG on differential WBC counts at any time point. ConclusionBCG at birth did not affect WBC count in our cohort of healthy, Danish infants.

Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Crepis crocea based on NF-κB signaling pathway and ~1H-NMR metabonomics

Based on ~1H-NMR metabonomics technique and Western blot assay, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Crepis crocea was discussed. In this study, male SD rats were treated with water extract(2.5 g·kg~(-1)) and dexamethasone acetate(6.25×10~(-4) g·kg~(-1)) for one week, and the inflammation model was induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Then the counts of inflammatory cells white blood ceel(WBC), eosinophil(EO), lymphocyte(LY), basophils(BA) and neutrophils(NE) in whole blood of rats were observed. The levels of serum inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-6 and the expression of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signaling pathway p65 and p-IκBα proteins in lung tissues were detected, and the change rules of serum endogenous metabolites were analyzed by ~1H-NMR metabonomics technique. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NF-κB signaling pathway p65 and p-IκBα proteins were combined with ~1H-NMR metabonomics to study the anti-inflammatory mechanism of C. crocea. The results showed that the water extract of C. crocea significantly decreased the number of WBC, NE, EO, increased the number of BA and LY, decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and the expression of p65 and p-IκBα protein in NF-κB signaling pathway, and effectively alleviated the inflammatory symptoms. In the correlation analysis of differential metabolites regulated of C. crocea, four significant metabolites were obtained, including glycine, creatine, methionine and succinic acid. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of C. crocea may be related to the decrease of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels and the protein expression of NF-κB signaling pathway, as well as the regulation of glycine, creatine, methionine and succinic acid metabolism.

Association between the interleukin-5 receptor alpha-subunit G-80A polymorphism and immunological parameters in asthmatic children

Introduction: The expression of human interleukin-5 (IL-5) receptor alpha (Rα)-subunit presented on eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils. Hence, a polymorphism in IL-5 Rα may be implicated in the development of asthma and effect on immunological parameters (IL-5 level, absolute eosinophil count, and total serum immunoglobulin E [IgE]) production. Methods: A total of 85 children, including 59 males and 26 females with asthma with ages between 1 and 16 years, attended the Respiratory Clinic at Karbala Pediatric Hospital, with a nonasthmatic children group who had the same age and gender. Restriction fragment length polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine IL-5 Rα G-80A genetic polymorphisms. The total IgE level was measured using the EUROIMMUN IgE ELISA kit and serum IL-5 levels using Elabscience ELISA kit. The absolute eosinophil count was measured by five differential automated hematology analyzers and confirmed by the examination of peripheral blood smear. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in GG, AG, and AA genotypes frequency of IL-5 Rα G-80A between asthmatic patients and controls (P = 0.437, 0.160, and 0.106, respectively). The results showed no statistically significant correlation between immunological parameters (IL-5 level, absolute eosinophil count, and total serum IgE) and IL-5 Rα G-80A genotypes (P = 0.649, 0.06, and 0.552 respectively). Conclusions: Asthma in children is not associated with IL-5 Rα G-80A polymorphism. IL-5 Rα G-80A polymorphism has not any impact on IL-5 levels, eosinophil count, and total serum IgE.

Changes of peripheral blood leukocyte in Behçet uveitis patients with different stages

Objective To analyze the changes of peripheral blood leukocyte in patients with Behcet uveitis (BU) at different stages. Methods Case control study was performed.Twenty active stage BU patients and 21 quiet stage BU patients were enrolled from July to November 2015 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Ten active stage BU patients treated with glucocorticoid and/or immunosuppressive agents were served as improvement stage BU patients.Meanwhile, 82 healthy controls were collected from the physical examination center.Peripheral blood was obtained and then analyzed by using Hematoflow method.The percentages of leukocytes in peripheral blood of different stage BU patients were compared.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (ZS-1341) and all participants signed informed consent. Results The percentage of mature neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, B lymphocytes, non-cytotoxic T and NK lymphocytes, granular T and NK lymphocytes, T blasts, B blasts and immature granulocytes were all significantly different among active stage BU group, quiet stage BU group and healthy control group (F=42.324, 10.220, 8.660, 11.254, 29.795, 31.305, 23.742, 27.738 and 34.638, all at P<0.001). The percentage of mature neutrophils in active stage BU group and quiet stage BU group were (73.10±10.21)% and (62.40±12.09)%, which were significantly higher than (54.95±6.07)% in healthy control group.The percentage of mature neutrophils in active stage BU group was significantly higher than that in quiet stage BU group (P<0.05). The percentages of non-cytotoxic T, NK lymphocytes, granular T and NK lymphocytes in active stage BU group and quiet stage BU group were significantly lower than that in healthy control group, the percentage of non-cytotoxic T, NK lymphocytes and granular T, NK lymphocytes in active stage BU group were significantly lower than those in quiet stage BU group (all at P<0.05). The percentage of immature granulocytes after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment in improvement stage BU group (t=-2.469, P=0.036). Conclusions Increase of peripheral blood mature neutrophil was observed in BU patients, which may help to monitor the inflammatory activity of BU. Key words: Behcet syndrome; Uveitis; Peripheral blood leucocyte; Neutrophil

Observation of Seasonal Changes of Selected Hematological Parameters in Trachemys Spp.

Abstract This study focused on observation of seasonal changes of selected haematological parameters in Trachemys spp. The experiment involved 6 turtles of the same species and approximately the same size. From September 2017 to December 2018 on a monthly basis, the samples of turtle blood were collected and blood smears were made, which were subsequently evaluated by the light microscopy. During the period of observation, we focused on the changes in the percentage of individual types of cells in a leucogram. The most significant differences in the percentage of leukocytes were observed during hibernation and during the summer period. The blood profiles revealed that the most heterophilic granulocytes were most abundant in the summer, when their values reached 50 % of the leukocytes. Significant changes in the percentage of heterophilic and basophilic granulocytes occurred during the period of hibernation. The number of heterocytes during hibernation decreased to 30 %. On the contrary, the number of basophils increased significantly to 33 %. Eosinophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes did not show such notable changes. The results of the study demonstrated that in turtles of the Trachemys genus, changes in their leuco-grams occurred during the period of hibernation. These changes are important for the evaluation of health condition of the turtles, determination of the prognosis and the treatment.

New biological treatments for asthma and skin allergies.

Allergies are typically endemic, complex and heterogeneous diseases with a high impact at quality of life. Mechanistically, type 2 immune responses involving eosinophil and basophil granulocytes, mast cells and humoral factors such as IgE are key drivers of allergic diseases. Fighting allergic diseases knows three strategies: prevention, symptomatic and causative therapy. While remarkable progress was made in understanding molecular events in allergies as a prerequisite for effective prevention and desensitization, this review article focuses on the most efficient symptomatic treatments-that is using more and more specific antibodies neutralizing particular immune pathways. We highlight and classify recent and upcoming developments in the three prototype chronic allergic diseases allergic asthma, chronic spontaneous urticaria and atopic eczema. In all three examples, biologics such as dupilumab or omalizumab become reliable and efficient therapeutic options. Finally, we give an outlook how a diagnostic and therapeutic workflow might look like in the near future for these three major burdens of society.

Prognostic values of lymphocyte and eosinophil counts in resectable cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Aim: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in women. Peripheral white blood cell parameters such as neutrophil (NE), eosinophil (EO), basophil (BA), as well as lymphocyte (LY) and monocyte (MO), are correlated with tumor outcomes. Methods: In total, 110 cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients were recruited in this study. The potential prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate survival analysis. Results: Cox regression analysis model indicated that higher pretreatment EO level and increased post-/preradiotherapy EO ratio were independently associated with worse progression-free survival. Lower pretreatment LY or higher EO levels and increased post-/preradiotherapy EO ratio were independently associated with worse overall survival. Conclusion: LY and EO are correlated with outcomes of cervical squamous cell cancer.

A Multi-Element Expression Score Is A Prognostic Factor In Glioblastoma Multiforme.

PurposeGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Although primary GBM patients receive extensive therapies, tumors may recur within months, and there is no objective and scientific method to predict prognosis. Adoptive immunotherapy holds great promise for GBM treatment. However, the expression profiles of the tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor immune microenvironment (TME) genes used in immunotherapy of GBM patients have not been fully described. The present study aimed to develop a predictive tool to evaluate patient survival based on full analysis of the expression levels of TAAs and TME genes.MethodsExpression profiles of a panel of 87 TAAs and 8 TME genes significantly correlated with poor prognosis were evaluated in 44 GBM patients and 10 normal brain tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A linear formula (the LASSO algorithm based in the R package) weighted by regression coefficients was used to develop a multi-element expression score to predict prognosis; this formula was cross-validated by the leave-one-out method in different GBM cohorts.ResultsAfter analysis of gene expression, clinical features, and overall survival (OS), a total of 8 TAAs (CHI3L1, EZH2, TRIOBP, PCNA, PIK3R1, PRKDC, SART3 and EPCAM), 1 TME gene (FOXP3) and 4 clinical features (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), number of basophils (BAS), age and treatment with standard radiotherapy and chemotherapy) were included in the formula. There were significant differences between high and low scoring groups identified using the formula in different GBM cohorts (TCGA (n=732) and GEO databases (n=84)), implying poor and good prognosis, respectively.ConclusionThe multi-element expression score was significantly associated with OS of GBM patients. The improve understanding of TAAs and TMEs and well-defined formula could be implemented in immunotherapy for GBM to provide better care.

Effects of ibrutinib on proliferation and histamine release in canine neoplastic mast cells.

The Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib is effective in the treatment of human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and mantle cell lymphoma. Recent data have shown that ibrutinib also blocks IgE‐dependent activation and histamine release in human basophils (BAs) and mast cells (MCs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether BTK serves as a novel therapeutic target in canine mast cell tumours (MCTs). We evaluated the effects of ibrutinib on two canine MC lines, C2 and NI‐1 and on primary MCs obtained from canine MCTs (n = 3). Using flow cytometry, we found that ibrutinib suppresses phosphorylation of BTK and of downstream STAT5 in both MC lines. In addition, ibrutinib decreased proliferation of neoplastic MCs, with IC50 values ranging between 0.1 and 1 μM in primary MCT cells and between 1 and 3 μM in C2 and NI‐1 cells. In C2 cells, the combination “ibrutinib + midostaurin” produced synergistic growth‐inhibitory effects. At higher concentrations, ibrutinib also induced apoptosis in both MC lines. Finally, ibrutinib was found to suppress IgE‐dependent histamine release in primary MCT cells, with IC50 values ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 μM in NI‐1 cells, and from 0.05 to 1 μM in primary MCT cells. In summary, ibrutinib exerts anti‐proliferative effects in canine neoplastic MCs and counteracts IgE‐dependent histamine release in these cells. Based on our data, ibrutinib may be considered as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of canine MCT. The value of BTK inhibition in canine MCT patients remains to be elucidated in clinical trials.

HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI (APD) DENGAN KETERPAPARAN LOGAM TIMBAL (Pb) PADA PETUGAS TANDA PEMBAYARAN RETRIBUSI (TPR) DINAS PERHUBUNGAN DI TERMINAL RAJABASA BANDAR LAMPUNG

Transportasi berkontribusi lebih dari setengah penyebab polusi udara, terutama dari kendaraan yang menggunakan bensin sebagai bahan bakar. Petugas tanda pembayaran retribusi (TPR) Dinas Perhubungan di terminal Rajabasa Bandar Lampung memiliki risiko terkena paparan logam timbal (Pb). Dampak paparan logam timbal (Pb) dapat menyerang sistem saraf, sistem ginjal, sistem reproduksi, sistem endokrin, dan jantung.&#x0D; Jenis penelitian kuantitatif, metode analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi berjumlah 36 petugas retribusi pembayaran (TPR) Dinas Perhubungan Terminal Rajabasa Bandar Lampung. Tekhnik Sampel menggunakan total populasi. Instrumen yang digunakan mikroskop binokular dan metode pengukuran Persiapan Skrining Darah dengan penemuan sel penetapan basofilik. Analisis data menggunakan uji univariat dan bivariat Fisher Exact.&#x0D; Berdasarkan hasil uji univariat terdapat 25 responden (69,4%) positif terpapar logam timbal (Pb) dan uji statistik diperoleh Fisher Exact (p value &gt; 0,05) yang berarti bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) dengan keterpaparan logam timbal (Pb) pada petugas pembayaran retribusi (TPR) Dinas perhubungan di terminal Rajabasa Bandar Lampung.&#x0D;