Basis Of New Technology Research Articles

Minimization of Losses in Smart Grids Using Coordinated Voltage Control

This article deals with the influence of distributed generation (DG) on distribution line losses with respect to voltage profile. The article focuses on the development of a control strategy to minimize the grid losses and assure fairness regarding reactive power contributions. As retail customers typically have no choice where they are located along a feeder, it seems unfair that only some of them bear all the burden and responsibility for the voltage rise. On the basis of new technologies, which are capable of fast communication and data processing, a new control system has been proposed that combines classical centralized and local control. The heart of the control system is a load‑flow algorithm, which estimates the voltage drop using a modeled network. Different control solutions were evaluated by means of computer simulations. The simulated network is an actual Slovenian medium-voltage distribution network which covers a large area with diverse feeders and thus gives relatively general results.

Multi-Sensor Arrays for Online Monitoring of Cell Dynamics in in vitro Studies with Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells

Sensors and multi-sensor arrays are the basis of new technologies for the non-label monitoring of cell activity. In this paper we show that choroid plexus cells can be cultured on silicon chips and that sensors register in real time changes in their activity, constituting an interesting experimental paradigm for cell biology and medical research. To validate the signals recorded (metabolism = peri-cellular acidification, oxygen consumption = respiration; impedance = adhesion, cell shape and motility) we performed experiments with compounds that act in a well-known way on cells, influencing these parameters. Our in vitro model demonstrates the advantages of multi-sensor arrays in assessment and experimental characterization of dynamic cellular events—in this case in choroid plexus functions, however with applicability to other cell types as well.

P-29 - Cybersex addiction - prevalence of dysfunctional usage of cybersex offers

Behavioral addictions are probably as old as humanity itself and sexual addiction might be the oldest. Access to huge databases and fast communication via internet has facilitated virtual sexual behavior, since watching movies, going shopping or talking to another person without leaving the house is now the rule rather than the exception. According to Cooper (1998) accessibility, affordability and anonymity (Triple A engine) are the three main factors for the development of dysfunctional usage of cybersex. Thus behavioral addictions such as cybersex addiction have emerged on the basis of new technology. In this representative study, 2.500 Germans between 14 and 97 have been orally interviewed about their sexual online behavior. The aim was to identify the prevalence of cybersex addiction with the aid of the short version of the Internet Sex Screening Test (ISST; Delmonico, 1997; translated German version Giralt, Wölfling & Beutel, in press). First results indicate that a significant number of people are at risk to be addicted to cybersex, since they consider themselves as addicted to cybersex and have tried to abandon sexual activities online. Other results point to link between socio-demographic data e.g. age and marital status and the appearance of cybersex addiction. Cybersex addiction is a disorder which should be further explored since it can lead to serious negative impact in the psycho-social life of the person concerned. Offers for therapy and counseling are sparse, yet a qualified treatment could significantly increase affected people's quality of life.

Energy production and conversion applications of one-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures

One-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials form the basis for new technologies as well as driving the evolution of existing ones. Although these various technologies are in different stages of development, from nucleation to pilot production, it is difficult to ignore the tremendous potential they carry, overall, for next-generation concepts. One of the several areas that have been revolutionized by one-dimensional nanostructures, and which could not have happened at a more critical time, is energy. This review outlines the impact that one-dimensional semiconductor materials are having on energy production and conversion technologies. Instead of being extensive, we provide key developments in the areas of light-emitting diodes, solar cells, photoelectrochemistry and fuel cells.

Forms and Methods of Library Services for the Population in the Republic of Tatarstan at the Restructuring Period “Perestroika” (1985—1991)

The process of searching for new forms and methods of library and bibliographic service for the population of the Republic of Tatarstan in 1985—1991 is shown in the article. The main conclusion of the historical analysis of the problem comes to the conclusion that the existing network of public libraries of the Republic has done much to adapt to new economic and political conditions for the modernization work on the basis of new technologies.

Specificity of the strength calculation of components made from brittle materials

The deformation process of structural materials that have been developed intensively on the basis of new technologies, including engineering ceramics, is different from the deformation process of common structural materials. Relationships allowing for a proper description of the process of inelastic nonisothermal loading of components made of semibrittle materials by taking into account the physical peculiarities of the deformation process, such as a violation of the single-curve law, different resistance against strain and compression, a variation of the residual volume, etc., are presented.

The Intellectual Property of Scientific Organizations and Rights to It

One of the most acute problems inhibiting the establishment of innovative economics in our country is the imperfection of the legislation regulating the production of marketable goods on the basis of new technologies. Many specialists—both scientists and representatives of business entities—are certain that the current laws cannot effectively influence the creation of innovative chains. It is not an exaggeration to say that the current laws are not focused on building a knowledge‑oriented economy. It could be said that the problem of nascent intellectual property rights is the most important problem of the day. Who should be the proprietors of these rights? The scientists, business, or the state? And to what extent? Let’s try to debate this situation and consider herein the rights of scientific organizations to the results of intellectual property obtained within the framework of their activity.

Rapid Determination of Dough Optimum Mixing Time for Early Generation Wheat Breeding Lines Using FT‐HATR Infrared Spectroscopy

The traditional method in the United States for screening hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding lines is based on the optimum mixing time (MT), an important rheological property of a wheat flour–water (dough) system typically obtained from the mixograph. This method is time consuming and requires some degree of subjective interpretation, especially with regard to mixing tolerance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of Fourier transform horizontal attenuated total reflectance (FT‐HATR) spectroscopy to objectively predict optimum MT in doughs from a short‐duration mixing cycle (1 min). A total of 55 hard winter wheat flours with varying protein contents and MTs were scanned in the amide III region of the mid‐infrared by FT‐HATR immediately after being mixed 1 min with a mixograph. Regression analysis of the ratio of the band areas at 1336 cm−1 (α‐helix) and 1242 cm−1 (β sheet) versus optimum MT as determined by the mixograph showed a quadratic response with an R2 value of 0.81. Results from this study indicate that optimum MT could be predicted early in the mixing process based on changes in the secondary structure of the dough protein (gluten). This method could provide the basis for new technology to rapidly and accurately screen wheat samples in early generation breeding lines, thus saving considerable time and expense in the development of new cultivars.

Fibrin-based matrix for stem cell isolation and as a basis for new technologies for tissue regeneration

Fibrin microbeads (FMB) are made by moderate-heat condensation of fibrin drops in oil to obtain beads in the range of 100–200 μm. This procedure yields protein-based hard stable beads with high binding capability of the matrix dependent cell. Therefore, the FMB could serve for high yield isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from different sources in higher yield than that obtained by conventional methods. The cells could be expanded on the FMB in suspension culture without the need for trypsinization and passages. Cell differentiation into different phenotypes, such as bone and cartilage, can be induced in cells loaded on FMB. When implanted, the cells on FMB survive the implantation and can download to become integrated with the target organs for tissue regeneration. This makes the use of FMB a simple technique for cell-based tissue regeneration without the need for implanting bulk scaffolds on which the cells have a low rate of survival. FMB technology provides a simple and highly effective fibrin-based method for cell separation, expansion in suspension and delivery to assist tissue regeneration.

Plant Location and the Advent of Slab Casting by U.S. Steel Minimills: An Observation-Based Analysis

The advent of slab casting for steel that is produced in electric furnaces resulted in a wave of new investments in the construction of steel minimills. From 1989 to 2001, 10 new plants were constructed in the United States on the basis of new technologies. Some were built in established steel industry agglomerations, while others were built in greenfield locations—regions that had little or no prior steelmaking activity. This research brings new evidence to bear on location decisions concerning modern steelmaking. The findings are based on direct observation and visits to the plants of all the new mills that were created by these investments. While the analysis reinforces the importance of transfer costs in decision making, it also argues that critical locational elements cannot be fully understood unless analyses take account of the characteristics of specific products, plants, and firms.

Biomolecular rods and tubes in nanotechnology

Biomolecules are vitally important elements in nanoscale science and also in future nanotechnology. Their shape and their chemical and physical functionality can give them a big advantage over inorganic and organic substances. While this becomes most obvious in proteins and peptides, with their complicated, but easily controlled chemistry, other biomolecular substances such as DNA, lipids and carbohydrates can also be important. In this review, the emphasis is on one-dimensional molecules and on molecules that self-assemble into linear structures, and on their potential applications. An important aspect is that biomolecules can act as templates, i.e. their shape and chemical properties can be employed to arrange inorganic substances -- such as metals or metal compounds -- on the nanometre scale. In particular, rod- and tube-like nanostructures can show physical properties that are different from those of the bulk material, and thus these structures are likely to be a basis for new technology.

Guest editorial: On Modeling Object-Oriented Information Systems

Object-Oriented Information System (OOIS) is an information system that employs object-oriented technologies in system design and implementation. Recent research advances and industrial innovations in distributed system modeling and Internet applications have enabled OOIS design and implementation to be carried out on the basis of new technologies and platforms. This special section on Modeling Object-Oriented Information Systems presents readers with a set of best papers selected from the 7th International Conference on OOIS. Reviews of theories and applications of OOIS’s are also provided for predicating trends in OOIS modeling.

Versatility and adaptive performance.

We construct a class of adaptive networks whose purpose is to function in a volitile environment. The characteristic structure is a sparsely connected network with a low-activity internal control mechanism that functionally keeps the network adaptive and with a local-activity-dependent synaptic response to rewarded and penalized actions. The resulting dynamics, called adaptive performance, adjusts easily to changes in parameters induced by input or feedback, and it shows fluctuations over a wide range of time scales. Our specific studies concern conditioning and control. We speculate that adaptive performance may be an underlying mechanism in brain function, as well as provide a basis for new technology.

パルプ繊維の細胞壁微細孔を利用した新技術

The unique cell wall structure of never-dried pulp fibers is defined by the morphology and characterized by the size distribution of the micropores. These micropores can be utilized as storage sites in a variety of important practical applications which could be the basis of new technologies. These include the simple manufacture of controlled release formulations of bioactive chemicals exemplified by aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) as well as of paper containing higher levels of in situ precipitated filler. Paper made from never-dried pulp fibers, the micropores of which are filled with calcium carbonate, has better mechanical properties than paper of comparable optical properties made in the conventional way.

On the Problem of the Development of Astronomical Refraction Methodology on the Basis of New Technology

The work on construction and operation of automated systems for collection and processing astrometric and meteorological information and also of automated television systems with remote control have placed before us a number of fundamental difficulties in that hundreds of correct solutions to these problems require a systematic approach.The most suitable cybernetics-mathematical composite for solving the problems of astronomical refraction may become the so-called hybrid-expert systems — a union of traditional expert systems with calculation-logical ones. In these systems logical-linguistic models are used together with mathematical ones.The basic problem of ARA-C consists in obtaining a model of the environment in which light propagates and also to give a notion of interaction between electrons (environment) and photons (light).It is proposed to use in this system a model of light interaction with environment built up on special formalisms of artificial intellect (logical-linguistic model). The basic principal in hybrid-expert system ARA-C operation must be mathematical modelling and calculation experimentation. In the proposed hybrid-expert system knowledge is presented on three levels—object, mathematical and programmed. Functioning of the lower levels of ARA-C is connected with formulation of the calculation problems. A calculation problem presented to a technical model determines a partial order on a twopart column of mathematical correlations.

Current trends in the development of new mining regions

Abstract The article sets forth some novel approaches to the development of new mining regions especially in the East and North of the USSR. The point at issue is the accelerated rates of development of these areas and the establishment of a productive and social infrastructure and of service and auxiliary sectors as well as the widening of the structure of the economy on the basis of new technology. This raises the question of how to ensure a denser and more stable population. The author substantiates the effectiveness of a special normative base. He also stresses the need for new methodological ecological/economic approaches. In short an attempt is made to develop a new type of economic thinking with regard to developing uninhabited areas.

PH sensitization of phospholipid vesicles via complexation with synthetic poly(carboxylic acid)s.

Controlled release of vesicle-entrapped substances in response to changes in environmental conditions may provide a basis for new technologies in pharmaceutics, in imaging, in sensing, or in medical diagnostics. We describe in this paper a fundamentally new method of producing pH-sensitive vesicles from pH-insensitive amphiphiles, a method that consists of complexation of the amphiphile with a pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte.

This golden age of solid‐state physics

Michael Faraday (in 1843) was surprised to find the resistance of silver sulfide went down when the temperature went up; Hans Meissner (in 1929) was surprised to find that copper sulfide suddenly became a much better conductor than metallic copper at very low temperature (2 K); people through the ages (from 3000 BC to a very young Albert Einstein) have puzzled over why the compass does what it does. We now have a fairly fundamental understanding of why these things happen. Solid‐state physics has been able to show how real materials governed by the laws of quantum mechanics can behave in such a variety of ways. In doing so, it has enabled us to make useful predictions and to synthesize materials with unprecedented properties and it has enabled us to use some materials as a basis of new technologies, making possible new styles of life.

Reserves for Economizing the Work Force

At its present stage of development, industry uses both intensive and extensive forms of labor power. The intensive form is characterized by the more effective functioning of live labor on the basis of new technology and appropriate organizational measures that reduce labor inputs per unit of output. The growth of labor productivity in this case ensures the conditional and actual separation of labor power. The first indicator characterizes the number of workers that industry would have to hire in order to achieve a higher volume of production if the level of labor producitivity remains constant. (1) The actual separation of labor power, which is also a consequence of the growth of labor productivity, is associated with the elimination or significant transformation of jobs due to the restructuring of industry, the reconstruction of enterprises, the modernization of equipment, etc.

International Science and National Technology: A Problem for the 1970

Today science and technology are viewed as two parts of a whole, with the results of scientific research forming the basis of new technology. However this was not true a few decades ago and the need to treat the two as one reflects the changing world in which we live. Reference to a dictionary will show that science is knowledge acquired by study an intellectual activity, whereas technology is related to the practical or industrial arts -the product of invention. In the past research was largely an academic pursuit with the results to be found in scientific journals, unnoticed except by a handful of scientists with like interests to the authors, who read them for intellectual stimulation. This was the way the scientific community wanted things to be. The scientists wanted freedom of thought and action, liberty to exchange their views with all and sundry, and they were eager for recognition as the first to propound a new idea or theory. The idea of having their research directed toward an economic benefit was repugnant to many, because that in itself carried the possibility of some sort of constraint.