Basic Yellow Dye Research Articles

Efficient removal of basic yellow 28 dye from water using facilely synthesized ZnO and Mg3B2O6 nanostructures

Basic yellow 28 dye, used extensively in the textile and leather industries, poses significant environmental and health risks, including allergic reactions, skin irritation, and respiratory problems. This study reports the Pechini sol-gel synthesis of novel ZnO/Mg3B2O6 nanostructures for the decontamination of basic yellow 28 dye from aqueous solutions. The nanostructures were synthesized by calcining at 650 and 850 °C for 5 h, producing ZM650 and ZM850, respectively. The average crystallite sizes were 39.28 nm for ZM650 and 51.03 nm for ZM850. BET surface areas were 70.71 m2/g for ZM650 and 48.13 m2/g for ZM850. FE-SEM and HR-TEM analyses revealed distinct morphological structures, with ZM650 exhibiting a dense aggregation of rod-like particles and ZM850 showing larger clusters. The maximum adsorption capacities were 381.68 mg/g for ZM650 and 303.03 mg/g for ZM850. The optimum adsorption was observed at a pH of 10, a contact time of 70 min, and a temperature of 298 K. Regeneration using a 6 M HCl solution demonstrated efficient reusability over five cycles. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer adsorption. Also, the adsorption process was found to be physical and exothermic.

Construction of Ba-doped Ag3PO4/SnO2 type-II nanocomposites as a promising photocatalyst for boosting photocatalytic degradation of BY28 dye and redox conversion of Cr(VI)/Cr(III)

In the present study, Ba-doped Ag3PO4/SnO2 type-II heterojunction nanocomposites were fabricated and systemically investigated for the degradation of basic yellow 28 (BY28) dye and Cr(VI) reduction in the photocatalytic process under visible-light irradiation. XRD, XPS, FESEM, DRS, and PL analyses were performed to determine the characterization of synthesized photocatalysts. The optimal 1.5 wt% Ba-doped Ag3PO4/SnO2 nanocomposite exhibited an efficient photocatalytic activity with rate constant of 0.0491 min−1 for BY28 degradation and 0.0261 min−1 for Cr(VI) reduction, which is 13.3 and 7.5 times higher than that of the SnO2 nanorods. Such enhanced performance can arise from the one-dimensional structure, extended light absorption toward the visible region, formation of the type II heterojunction, the new defect-related energy states, and efficient charge separation. Furthermore, the photostability of the photocatalysts was studied and a plausible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed.

Synthesis, characterization and adsorption studies of hydroxy ethyl cellulose grafted polyacrylic acid hydrogels; using basic yellow-28 as model dye

Novel hydrogels of hydroxy ethyl cellulose and polyacrylic acid (HEC-G-pAAc) were created by varying the ratio of hydroxy ethyl cellulose to acrylic acid and were characterized using analytical techniques. The synthesized hydrogels were characterized through SEM, TGA, FTIR, pH studies and Fick’s law. The SEM images revealed that the fabricated hydrogels have different adsorption sites for the dyes. According to the TGA results the decomposition of the hydrogels occurs in three successive stages (22–200 °C, 200–310 °C, 310–500 °C). The optimum pH for the adsorption of basic yellow-28 is on the HEC-G-pAAc is pH-8 as it was observed in the pH studies. The optimum temperature for the adsorption of basic yellow-28 is on the HEC-G-pAAc was found to be 293 K.The Basic Yellow-28 dye was successfully removed from wastewater with a 98% effectiveness using synthetic hydrogels as an adsorbent. The adsorption parameters were calculated using a number of different kinetic models like pseudo-second order, Elovich, intraparticle-diffusion and Bangham kinetic models. The pseudo-2nd order kinetics model was found to best fit the kinetics data, while the Langmuir isotherm offered the most thorough explanation of the adsorption process. Basic Yellow-28 dye was removed to the greatest extent by the synthesized hydrogels (pAAc = 156 mg/g, 10%HEC-G-pAAc =166.3 mg/g, 20%HEC-G-pAAc =176.2 mg/g) after 90 min of contact at 293 K. The process was exothermic because the values of ΔH were found to be negative (ΔH = −4.93, −6.49 and −5.741 kJ/mol for pAAc, 10%HEC-G-pAAc and 20%HEC-G-pAAc respectively). The adsorption process in this study is spontaneous, as clear from the negative values of ΔG, (ΔG = −4.81, −5.34 and −5.40 kJ/mol for pAAc, 10%HEC-G-pAAc and 20%HEC-G-pAAc at 293 K respectively). The adsorption process on synthesized hydrogels showed decrease in dis-orderness that was clear from its negative values.

Adsorption of Basic Yellow 28 and Basic Blue 3 Dyes from Aqueous Solution Using Silybum Marianum Stem as a Low-Cost Adsorbent.

In the present study, the ability of an adsorbent (SLM Stem) obtained from the stem of the Silybum Marianum plant to treat wastewater containing the cationic dyes basic blue 3 (BB3) and basic yellow 28 (BY28) from aqueous solutions was investigated using a batch method. Then, the SLM Stem (SLM Stem-Natural) adsorbent was carbonized at different temperatures (200-900 °C) and the removal capacity of the products obtained for both dyes was examined again. The investigation continued with the product carbonized at 800 °C (SLM Stem-800 °C), the adsorbent with the highest removal capacity. The dyestuff removal studies were continued with the SLM Stem-Natural and SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbents because they had the highest removal values. The surface properties of these two adsorbents were investigated using IR, SEM, and XRD measurements. It was determined that the SLM Stem-Natural has mainly non-porous material, and the SLM Stem-800 °C has a microporous structure. The optimal values for various parameters, including adsorbent amount, initial dye solution concentration, contact time, temperature, pH, and agitation speed, were investigated for BY28 dye and were 0.05 g, 15 mg/L, 30 min, 40 °C, pH 6 and 100 rpm when SLM Stem-Natural adsorbent was used and, 0.15 g, 30 mg/L, 30 min, 40 °C, pH 10, and 150 rpm when SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent was used. For BB3 dye, optimal parameter values of 0.20 g, 10 mg/L, 30 min, 25 °C, pH 7, and 100 rpm were obtained when SLM Stem-Natural adsorbent was used and 0.15 g, 15 mg/L, 40 min, 40 °C, pH 10, and 100 rpm when SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent was used. The Langmuir isotherm described the adsorption process best, with a value of r2 = 0.9987. When SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent was used for BY28 dye at 25 °C, the highest qm value in the Langmuir isotherm was 271.73 mg/g. When the study was repeated with actual water samples under optimum conditions, the highest removal for the BY28 dye was 99.9% in tap water with the SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent. Furthermore, the reuse study showed the adsorbent's efficiency even after three repetitions.

Constructing trinary heterostructure of TiO2/CoCr2O4/SrTiO3 to enhance photocatalytic activity toward degradation of yellow 28 dye

Today, the design of efficient visible light-driven photocatalytic systems for the degradation of organic dyes is of great interest in human health and environmental protection. Constructing heterostructured nanocomposites using coupling metal oxide semiconductors with visible-light-responsive photocatalytic materials is an effective strategy to improve the photocatalytic potential. For this purpose, a trinary TiO2/CoCr2O4/SrTiO3 heterostructured photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity was fabricated using the intimate interfacial contact of TiO2/SrTiO3 nanotubes with CoCr2O4 nanoparticles. Compared with single or binary photocatalysts, trinary TiO2/CoCr2O4/SrTiO3 nanocomposite demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic activity and cycling stability in the degradation of basic yellow 28 (BY28) dye under visible-light irradiation. The optimal TiO2/CoCr2O4/SrTiO3 nanocomposite degraded almost 99% of BY28 under visible light in 2 h, compared to approximately 37%, 66%, and 71% for the SrTiO3 nanorods, CoCr2O4 nanoparticles, and TiO2 nanotubes, respectively. This superior photocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of elevated photon absorption, charge transfer, and efficient charge separation. In addition, the probable mechanism for the degradation of BY28 dye over TiO2/CoCr2O4/SrTiO3 nanocomposite is also elucidated using PL and active species scavenger studies.

Study on Treatment of Basic Yellow 28 dye Wastewater by Micro-nano Bubble Ozone Catalytic Oxidation

Mn loaded AC (Mn/AC), Cu loaded AC (Cu/AC), and Fe loaded AC (Fe/AC) catalysts were prepared by the impregnation-calcination method, which can be used to degrade Basic Yellow 28 dyes in simulated printing and dyeing wastewater for catalytic ozonation. The catalyst preparation and reaction conditions were optimized with the degradation efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the absorbance of some organic compounds under 254 nm UV light (UV254) as indicators. The surface structure, specific surface area, and active component distribution of the catalysts were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. Results indicated that Mn was the best active component, and a catalyst dosage of 3.5 g/L, an initial pH of 9.4, and an initial temperature of 31.7°C were the best reaction parameters to degrade Basic Yellow 28 dyes. After five recycling experiments, the catalysts could retain a relatively stable catalytic effect. Furthermore, this study can be informative for the sustainable development of future catalysts.

Highly ordered pure and indium-incorporated MCM-41 mesoporous adsorbents: synthesis, characterization and evaluation for dye removal

Highly ordered pure MCM-41 and In-MCM-41 mesoporous adsorbents (with Si/In = 95 (IM0.05) and Si/In = 90 (IM0.1)) were synthesized using the hydrothermal-assisted method. The structural, morphological and texture characteristics were investigated by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, SEM-EDX, TEM, diffuse reflectance (DR) and FTIR. The broadening XRD diffraction peaks as well as the shifts to higher and lower 2-theta in IM0.05 and IM0.1, respectively, confirmed the incorporation of indium atoms in the MCM-41 structure. SEM-EXD and TEM images showed that pure MCM-41 and IM0.05 preserve a highly long-range well-ordered hexagonal pore structure, on the other hand, high loading of indium (IM0.1) resulted in partially irregular pore-ordering and morphological defects related to a partial dissolution of MCM-41 structure. The infrared spectra of In-incorporated samples showed a decrease in the transmittance intensity of MCM-41 characteristic peaks with little shifts relative to the pure MCM-41 sample. The potential of pure MCM-41 and In-MCM-41 samples for adsorption of dyes was preliminarily investigated. The removal efficiency of both methylene blue and basic yellow-28 (BY28) was enhanced by the incorporation of indium in the MCM-41. The adsorption equilibrium data of BY28 dye on pure, IM0.05 and IM0.1 samples fitted well with Langmuir adsorption model with adsorption capacity of 123.46, 156.99 and 158.48 mg g−1 respectively. The calculated free adsorption energy obtained from D–R isotherm was found to be 26.7 kJ mol−1 referring to that the adsorption of BY28 on IM0.05 adsorbent is chemical. The adsorption kinetic of BY28 on IM0.05 sample followed the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption experiments revealed that the prepared samples can be used as effective adsorbents for the removal of dyes in aqueous solutions with good recovery and recyclability.Graphical

Removal of yellow dye using composite binded adsorbent developed using natural clay and activated carbon from sapindus seed

Abstract Degradation of dye in textile effluent is a major problem faced in all developing countries. In this study, an attempt has been made to remove basic yellow dye using a composite adsorbent which is a combination of clay and activated carbon prepared from sapindus seed. Basic yellow dye has a molecular structure which belongs to heterocycle class. In this study a new approach of binded clay with activated carbon was used as a green initiative. Binded clay along with prepared activated carbon from sapindus seed gave a better basic yellow dye removal efficiency of about 86% at alkaline pH of 9. In this paper four isotherm models, namely: Langmuir, Freundlich, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order was utilized to correlate the experimental adsorption isotherm data. Among the various isotherm Freundlich model fit the data with a relatively higher R2 values than other models.

Advanced electrochemical degradation of basic yellow 28 textile dye using IrO2/Ti meshed electrode in different supporting electrolytes

One of the most concerning recent environmental threats is textile wastewater effluents. Although versatile methods exist for the treatment of textile effluents, electrochemical degradation is considered an efficient and promising approach. In the present study, the effect of an IrO 2 /Ti meshed electrode in the presence of Na 2 SO 4 or NaCl as a supporting electrolyte on the decolorization and mineralization of Basic Yellow 28 (BY28) textile dye is demonstrated. The results showed that the optimum conditions were a current density of 0.03A cm −2 , initial dye concentration of 2 × 10 −5 M, pH of 2.5 or 6.5 for Na 2 SO 4 or NaCl, and a supporting electrolyte concentration of 0.08 or 0.03 M for Na 2 SO 4 or NaCl, respectively. The degradation efficiency was followed using Ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry, cyclic voltammetry, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Cyclic voltammetry was carried out in the potential window from +1.0 V to −1.0 V. After 15 min, the color removal of the BY28 dye was 92.9% and 93.3% and the COD removal was 26.8% and 46.2% in the presence of Na 2 SO 4 and NaCl, respectively. Besides, the corresponding current efficiency and energy consumption were estimated to validate the proposed electrochemical method. The results revealed that NaCl was more powerful than Na 2 SO 4 as a supporting electrolyte. • Electrochemical decolourization of textile dye, Basic Yellow 28, was investigated. • Based on its performance, IrO 2 /Ti meshed electrode was selected and used in the presence of Na 2 SO 4 or NaCl as a supporting electrolyte. • Most effective parameters such as current density, pH, initial dye, and supporting electrolyte concentrations were tested and optimized. • The degradation efficiency was followed up using UV–Vis, CV and COD measurements. The results demonstrated that the oxidation process in NaCl electrolyte is more powerful than Na 2 SO 4 .

Synthesis and characterization of Ethiopian kaolin for the removal of basic yellow (BY 28) dye from aqueous solution as a potential adsorbent

In the present research, the kaolin adsorbents (beneficiated, raw powder, and calcined) were prepared from Ethiopian natural kaolin through mechanical, wet, and thermal processes. The geochemical and surface properties of kaolin adsorbent were characterized using FTIR, SEM/EDS, XRD, and XRF. In the batch experiment, basic operation parameters (initial dye concentrations, pH, temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dosage) were examined. Percentage removal efficiency basic yellow 28 (BY28) dye were recorded as 94.79%, 92.08%, and 87.08% onto beneficiated, raw, and calcined kaolin absorbents, respectively at an initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L, solution pH of 9, the temperature of 30 °C°C, and contact time of 60 min and adsorbent dosage of 1g/100L. The molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 was recorded as 2.911 Percent mass composition of Ethiopian kaolin which is higher than the expected pure kaolinite standard which allows us to classify the kaolin clay as a siliceous one. The calculated values of ΔG0 for beneficiated adsorbent are -1.243, 1.576, and 4.396 kJ/mol at 303.15, 323.15, and 343.15 K, respectively for 20 mg/L of dye concentration and solution pH of 9, suggests that the thermodynamic behavior at lowest temperature is more feasible and spontaneous as compared with the higher temperature one. A similar fashion was calculated for raw and calcined adsorbents. The negative values of ΔHo and ΔS° suggest that the adsorption phenomenon is exothermic and the adsorbate molecules are organized on the solid phase in a more disordered fashion than the liquid phase. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models have been used to describe the kinetics in the adsorption processes. The Pseudo-second-order model has been fitted for the BY 28 dye adsorption in the studied concentration range. The adsorption of BY 28 dye for raw and calcined adsorbents follows the Langmuir isotherm and the Freundlich isotherm fitted for the beneficiated adsorbent. The amount of BY28 dye taken up by beneficiated, raw, and calcined kaolin adsorbents was found as 1.896, 1.842, and 1.742 mg/g, respectively at a contact time of 1.0 h, the adsorbent dosage of 1.0 g, initial dye concentration = 20 mg/L and solution pH = 9 at 30 °C. The results found that these raw and prepared local kaolin adsorbents have a capacity as low-cost alternatives for the removal of dyes in industrial wastewater.

Adsorptive Removal of Basic Yellow Dye Using Bigadiç Zeolites: FTIR Analysis, Kinetics, and Isotherms Modeling

The adsorptive removal efficiency of Basic Yellow Dye (Astrazon Yellow 7GLL) from aqueous solutions was studied using different types of modified zeolites in an agitated single‐stage batch experimental system. Zeolite samples consisted of mainly clinoptilolite, collected from Bigadic Region of Turkey. The optimum adsorbent amount was found as 0.5 g in the primary experiments. Then, the adsorption kinetics with a constant initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L, agitation speed of 250 rpm, and temperature of 25°C for a period of 180 min were investigated. Three kinetic models namely, pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order non‐linear kinetic models, and the intra‐particle diffusion were used to describe the kinetic data of adsorption process. Non‐linear fittings of the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied to the experimental equilibrium data obtained with dye concentrations in the range of 12–550 mg/L. The adsorption capacities (Qo) of zeolite samples for basic dye were in the range of 17.8–21.2 mg/g. Different analytical methods were used to investigate the influence of the different treatments on the zeolite surface and understanding of the adsorptive removal of dye using natural and modified zeolites. It was concluded that the spectroscopic results agree with the results obtained by kinetic and adsorption experiments as the acidic pre‐treatment zeolite has the highest removal rate for dye molecules since the concentration of various active sites (oxygen species, free Al+, and Si+ sides, etc.) to increase on the surface. On the contrary, basic treatment causes the loading of the surfaces with hydroxyl groups and these interact with each other via H‐bond and causes increased removal rate. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: S185–S195, 2019

Techno-economic evaluation of anatase and p25 TiO2 for treatment basic yellow 28 dye solution through heterogeneous photocatalysis

The photodegradation and mineralization efficiency (technical evaluation) and process economics (economic evaluation) are important in selection of a particular type of TiO2 for large-scale commercial applications involving heterogeneous photocatalysis. In this paper, techno-economic evaluation of indigenous anatase TiO2 (ana-TiO2) and aeroxide p25 TiO2 (p25-TiO2) photocatalyst for heterogeneous photocatalysis of basic yellow 28 (BY28) dye solution is studied. The characterization of photocatalysts was done through X-ray diffraction, Tauc’s plot, and point of zero charge. The important parameters related to heterogeneous photocatalytic process like photocatalyst loading, UV intensity, and A/V (area-to-volume) ratio were studied and optimized as per ability of photocatalyst for the full utilization of light illumination. BY28 dye degradation depicted pseudo-first-order kinetics under UV radiations and solar light. Electric energy per order and collector area per order was also evaluated for the two systems. Finally, economic evaluation of these two types of TiO2 was done in terms of total material and energy cost involved for 90% removal of BY28 dye from 1 m3 solution under UV radiations and solar light. Ana-TiO2 found to be more economical than p25-TiO2 in terms of operating cost involved for photocatalytic degradation of BY28 dye. Alternatively, photocatalytic unit using p25-TiO2 showed higher treatment capacity as compared to ana-TiO2 due to higher photodegradation and mineralization efficiency of the former. Finally, a method for selection of particular type of TiO2 (p25-TiO2 or ana-TiO2) for a photocatalytic unit is suggested by considering volumetric capacity of photocatlytic unit, volume of effluent generated per day by the dyeing unit, photodegradation efficiency of TiO2, and process economics. This study would be useful for the decision making authorities in profitable selection of particular type of TiO2 for treating given volume of effluent.

Use of metal composite MOF‐5‐Ag2O‐NPs as an adsorbent for the removal of Auramine O dye under ultrasound energy conditions

AbstractIn this work, MOF‐5 composited with Ag2O nanoparticles was prepared and characterized via X‐ray diffraction, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and FT‐IR analysis. This new material was subsequently employed for removing basic yellow dye [Auramine O (AO)] from aqueous solution under ultrasound irradiation. Several experiments were designed by central composite design in which operational parameters such as such as pH, MOF‐5‐Ag2O mass and initial concentration of AO involved in the process were optimized. The significance of individual parameters and their possible interactions were investigated using analysis of variance (anova). The optimum values of 6, 0.025 g and 6 mg l−1 were obtained for the pH, MOF‐5‐Ag2O‐NPs mass and the initial concentrations of AO, respectively, with desirability of 1.0. At such conditions, the efficiency for the removal of AO was found to be 89.45%. Various isotherm models for fitting the experimental equilibrium data were studied, and it was found that the Langmuir model has the highest efficiency for correlation of experimental equilibrium data, so that the monolayer adsorption capacity of MOF‐5‐Ag2O for successful removal of AO was 260.70 mg g−1 at optimal conditions.

Characterization and absorption studies of cationic dye on multi walled carbon nanotube–carbon ceramic composite

The multi walled carbon nanotube–carbon ceramic composite (MWCNT-CCC) was synthesized by sol gel technique, as a promising strategy for the preparation of nanocomposites and used as adsorbents for removal of Basic Yellow 28 dye from aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of MWCNT-CC composites was characterized using different techniques such as FESEM, EDX, XRD, and BET. The effects of operating parameters such as pH, contact time, initial dye concentration and amount of the adsorbents were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum adsorption (85%) was achieved at pH 8.0, dye concentrations 15.0 mg/L, and 1.5 g/L adsorbent at 80 min. The adsorption process can be well described by the pseudo second order kinetic model. The experimental data of isotherm followed the Freundlich isotherm model. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters calculated from the temperature-dependent isotherms indicated that the adsorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. All results indicate that the MWCNT-CCC is a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of basic dye from wastewater.

TiO2 Thin Film: Preparation, Characterization, and its Photocatalytic Degradation of Basic Yellow 28 Dye

In this research, the thin films of N-S doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) were successfully prepared by simple sol-gel method in the presence of tetrabutylorthotitanate as a starting reagent. Furthermore, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was functionalized with thiourea. Furthermore, N-S doped titanium dioxides (NSTO) were fixed on glass balls by glass balls fixed-bed reactor system. Besides, the effect of some parameters such as volume and exit flow rate of basic yellow 28 solution on the degradation of basic yellow 28 solution under visible light irradiation were investigated. Moreover, the degradation rates were found to be strongly influenced by all the above parameters. The as- synthesized N-S doped titanium dioxides (NSTO) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), spectra energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDX), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) techniques.Sol-gel synthesis of titanium dioxide was favorable, because the synthesis time of sol-gel method was shorter than that of other method.

Heat Attachment Method for the Immobilization of TiO2 on Glass Plates: Application to Photodegradation of Basic Yellow Dye and Optimization of Operating Parameters, Using Response Surface Methodology

The UV/TiO2/H2O2 degradation of Basic Yellow 28 dye (BY28) in aqueous solutions was investigated with immobilized P-25 TiO2 powder on a glass plate by a heat attachment method. A central composite design (CCD) was employed for the screening of the significant parameters (flow rate, initial dye concentration, solution pH, and initial H2O2 concentration) and to identify the most relevant interactions between the operating parameters. Results showed that solvent type and thickness of the coating are very effective on the photoactivity of immobilized TiO2. The model equation obtained led to a classification of the parameters based on their level of significance. In addition, a relevant interaction between the initial dye concentration and the initial H2O2 concentration was highlighted. After performing a screening of the various operating parameters, response surface analysis led to the optimal conditions for the yield of BY28 degradation, resulting in 96% decolorization yield.

Removal of basic yellow dye from aqueous solutions by sorption onto reed as an adsorbent

This work investigates the possibility to use the reed as an adsorbent for removal of basic yellow 28 (BY28), an industrial textile dye from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments at 258°C and agitation speed of 400 rpm were carried out and the effects of operational parameters including contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, as well as solution pH on sorbed amount were investigated and discussed. The maximum uptake of BY28 was about 140 mg/g of adsorbent and it was obtained at pH6, initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L, and adsorbent dose of 0.5 g/L. It was also established that almost 15 min are sufficient to attain equilibrium sorption. Results of batch experiments showed that this adsorbent exhibited high sorption capacities toward BY28. Experimental data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics and it was found that kinetic followed a pseudo-second-order equation. The equilibrium results have been modeled and evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, and Generalized model isotherms. The Langmuir model provides the best fit of equilibrium data of BY28 and according to this model, the maximum sorption capacity was estimated to181 mg/g of reed. FTIR spectrum of reed confirms the existence of various functional groups such as carboxyl, phenolic, hydroxyl, and amine groups on their surface and these functional groups have always been considered to effectively form some physicochemical interactions, e.g. ion exchange or inner-sphere complex formation, with BY28. Results from this study suggest that reed is an effective adsorbent for the removal of BY28 from aqueous solutions.

Calcined eggshells as a new biosorbent to remove basic dye from aqueous solutions: Thermodynamics, kinetics, isotherms and error analysis

The biosorption of basic yellow 28 dye onto calcined eggshells as a new and potential biosorbent have been studied. Batch biosorption studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of various parameters such as contact time, temperature, initial dye concentration, biosorbent dose and ionic strength on the removal of BY 28. From thermodynamic studies, it was seen that the biosorption was spontaneous and exothermic. Biosorption kinetics data were tested using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. Kinetic studies showed that the biosorption followed a pseudo-second-order reaction. Maximum of biosorption capacity was attained 28.87mg/g. Thermodynamic studies reveals that the biosorption of dye was occurred as exothermic in nature (ΔH=−4.3185kJ/mol), spontaneous and reflects the decreased randomness at the solid/solution interface during the biosorption (ΔS=−0.135j/molK). The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using the Freundlich, Tempkin, Toth, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Sips or Koble-Corrigan and Generalized isotherms equations using regression analysis linear and non-linear, showed that the Freundlich isotherm best-fits the equilibrium data for adsorptive removal of basic yellow 28 by calcined eggshells. A detailed error analysis has been undertaken to investigate the effect of using different error criteria for the determination of the isotherm parameters which describe the biosorption process.

Combination of an electrochemical pretreatment with a biological oxidation for the mineralization of nonbiodegradable organic dyes: Basic yellow 28 dye

The aim of this article was to examine the feasibility of combining an electrochemical degradation of wastewater containing Basic Yellow 28 (BY28) dye on Pb/PbO2 electrode and a biological treatment. A central composite design (CCD) was used for the screening of the significant operating parameters and the identification of the most relevant interactions. The model equation obtained led to a classification of these parameters based on their level of significance, namely temperature followed by the initial concentration of BY28, the current density and the agitation speed. A significant interaction occurred between the temperature and the initial dye concentration. The second‐order model obtained by CCD led to the following optimal conditions for dye degradation: 50 ≤ T ≤ 60°C, 8.125 ≤ i ≤ 25 mA cm−2, [BY28]0 = 134 mg L−1, and ω = 720 rpm. Under these conditions, the obtained BY28 dye degradation yield was 96%. The (BOD5/COD) ratio increased from 0.076 initially to 0.30 after pretreatment, showing that the electrochemical pretreatment of BY28 dye generate intermediate products, which are at least partially biodegradable.Microbial degradation was therefore performed for the pretreated solution in an aerobic batch reactor for 30 days using an activated sludge culture. A decrease of the residual amount of intermediate products contained in the electrolyzed solutions was observed which can be related to a biological oxidation, leading to 93% removal of the dissolved organic carbon by the combined process. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 160–169, 2014

Response Surface Methodology for Oxidative Degradation of the Basic Yellow 28 Dye by Temperature and Ferrous Ion Activated Persulfate

Response Surface Methodology for Oxidative Degradation of the Basic Yellow 28 Dye by Temperature and Ferrous Ion Activated Persulfate