Basic Products Research Articles

The implications of a cost-of-living crisis for oral health and dental care.

A cost-of-living crisis is currently affecting the UK. While this has been explored in terms of the effect on dental practice, the dental implications for patients and for population oral health have not received sufficient attention. This opinion piece discusses how: i) financial pressures leading to hygiene poverty may limit the ability to afford the basic products necessary to maintain oral hygiene; ii) food insecurity is associated with a diet high in sugar and lacking in appropriate nutrition; and iii) reduced disposable income may limit the ability to attend and successfully engage with dental care. The impact of the cost-of-living crisis on the lowest paid members of the dental team is also considered.The most common dental diseases are closely correlated with social and economic deprivation and the points discussed here act as a reminder of how the present financial circumstances have significant potential to widen oral health inequalities.

Influence of the cream with filaggrin activity modulator for dry and sensitive skin in children with mild to moderate severity atopic dermatitis on objective indicators of skin barrier function and disease severity indices

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing and severely itchy dermatitis that usually occurs in childhood and has a characteristic age-related distribution. Atopic dermatitis is relatively frequent, affecting 1020% of children in developed countries. Atopic dermatitis in children associated with poor school performance, low self-esteem and family problems. Recent studies show importance in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis of protein filaggrin and modulation of its activity may be a promising direction in the pathogenic therapy of atopic dermatitis.
 AIM: to study the effect of a cream for dry, sensitive and atopic skin with a modulator of filaggrin activity on the course of mild and moderate atopic dermatitis.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: An open, prospective, multicentre, non-comparative, single-group clinical trial was organized to test the effectiveness of a cream with a filaggrin activity modulator. The study was on outpatients in the participated centers and included 5 visits with a screening visit 1, and 5th visit ― therapy completion. Cream was used for 12 weeks. In total, the study involved 60 children aged 3 to 18 years with diagnoses of atopic dermatitis of mild and moderate severity. The severity of atopic dermatitis was measured with the SCORAD, EASI, IGA scales, also measured was skin pH and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), as well as the severity of xerosis according to visual analogue scale.
 RESULTS: The severity of atopic dermatitis in children whose therapy regimens included Admera cream decreased by 19.6 points according to the SCORAD index, including in children who did not receive mometasone furoate in the therapy schemes, the SCORAD index decreased statistically significantly compared to the baseline data (p 0.001). The overall decline in the EASI index ― by 3.0 points, the IGA global assessment index ― by 2.0 points, the severity of xerosis decreased by 3 points (in all cases, p 0.001). Transepidermal water loss decreased (by 4.5 g/m2 per hour, p 0.001); Skin pH did not change (difference 0.02, p=0.34). The smell was rated as "excellent" by 86.7% (95% CI 75.494.1), the consistency ― by 83.3% (95% CI 71.591.7) of the respondents, and overall satisfaction was noted by ― 88.3% (95% CI 77.495.2) of the respondents.
 CONCLUSION: Сream for dry and sensitive skin with a modulator of filaggrin activity during the study showed good efficacy and tolerability and can be used in atopic dermatitis treatment regimens as a basic care product, both during exacerbation and remission.

Design and implementation of marine environment statistical analysis system

This paper introduces the design and implementation of marine environment statistical analysis system. From the system architecture design, database design and main functions of the system, the design and main functions of the marine environment statistical analysis system based on the comprehensive database of marine environment are described. Based on the B/S architecture, the system is developed in Java language, which realizes the horizontal coverage of marine environmental hydrological and meteorological elements, and also realizes the exploration of marine environmental hydrological and meteorological elements from statistical analysis to climate change analysis and phenomenon analysis. The products produced by the system will provide basic product support for the marine disaster prevention and mitigation, ecological civilization construction, marine economy, marine military and other fields in China.

Study of finfet transistor: critical and literature review in finfet transistor in the active filter

For several decades, the development of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors have made available to us better circuit time and efficiency per function with each successive generation of CMOS technology. However, basic product and manufacturing technology limitations will make continuing transistor scaling difficult in the sub-32 nm zone. Field impact transistors with fins were developed. offered as a viable solution to the scalability difficulties. Fin field effect transistors can be made in the same way as regular CMOS transistors, allowing for a quick transition to production. The use of inserted-oxide FinFET technology was presented as a solution to continue transistor scaling. Due to gate fringing electric fields through the added oxide (SiO2) layers, the electromagnetic integrity of an iFinFET is superior to that of a FinFET. We discovered that the proposed mobility model functions admirably and that the Joule effect mostly influences the drain current and the heat source. The major goal of this work is to compare the performance characteristics of combinational logic using CMOS and FinFET technology. The inverting gate is modelled in HSPICE simulation on a 32nm transistor size utilising CMOS and FinFET structures, and respective performances, such as energy consumed, are examined.

RCEP 발효에 따른 대 호주 및 뉴질랜드 시장에서 한·중 및 한·일 수출경합도 분석

RCEP is the world's largest free trade agreement, with a total of 15 countries participating, including 10 ASEAN countries, Korea, Japan, China, Australia and New Zealand.. Accordingly this study analyzed the export similarity index of China and Japan, which are competing in the Australian and New Zealand markets, for Korea's top 20 export products.
 As a result of the analysis, it can be seen that beauty or makeup products and basic makeup products(3304) compete with Chinese and Japanese products in the Australian and New Zealand markets. In addition, there is competition for Japanese auto parts and accessories(8708) in the Australian market, and in the New Zealand market, the telephone(8517) shows fierce competition with Japanese products.
 Therefore, Korea should devise high value-added strategies to strengthen competitiveness and cost reduction measures for items that are experiencing increased export competition with rival countries, and use a business model that can utilize RCEP.

An analytical study of the status of the food gap for the main food commodities in Algeria during the period (2009-2020)

The study aims to present and analyze the food deficit for the most important food products in Algeria during the period 2009-2020; It concluded that Algeria recorded a deficit in the food trade balance during the study period because it imported most basic food products, whose world prices reached record prices, while it exports a very limited number of food products; The food deficit fluctuated during the study period, but it had a tendency to increase, reaching an average of 6502.52 million dollar. The largest fooddeficit suffered by Algeria is related to the group of cereals, with an average rate of 42.93%, of which wheat and flour contribute the largest percentage, estimated at 26.73%. Next comes the group of dairy products and its products with an average rate estimated at 19.39%, in which the milk product contributed the largest percentage 16.99%, the group of oils and fats 12.59%, the corn 12.67% and sugar 9.2%.These are widely consumed products, then red meat comes with 3.05%, total legumes 3.42%, total fruits 2.59%, barley1.98%, rice 1.07%, total vegetables 0.71%, fish 0.74%, eggs 0.03%. A situation that requires intensified efforts. In order to achieve sustainable agricultural development

Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid in Osteoarthritis and Tendinopathies: Molecular and Clinical Approaches.

Musculoskeletal diseases continue to rise on a global scale, causing significant socioeconomic impact and decreased quality of life. The most common disorders affecting musculoskeletal structures are osteoarthritis and tendinopathies, complicated orthopedic conditions responsible for major pain and debilitation. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) has been a safe, effective, and minimally invasive therapeutic tool for treating these diseases. Several studies from bedside to clinical practice reveal the multiple benefits of HA such as lubrication, anti-inflammation, and stimulation of cellular activity associated with proliferation, differentiation, migration, and secretion of additional molecules. Collectively, these effects have demonstrated positive outcomes that assist in the regeneration of chondral and tendinous tissues which are otherwise destroyed by the predominant catabolic and inflammatory conditions seen in tissue injury. The literature describes the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of HA, their commercial product types, and clinical applications individually, while their interfaces are seldom reported. Our review addresses the frontiers of basic sciences, products, and clinical approaches. It provides physicians with a better understanding of the boundaries between the processes that lead to diseases, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to tissue repair, and the benefits of the HA types for a conscientious choice. In addition, it points out the current needs for the treatments.

ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БАШКОРТОСТАН

The subject of the study is food security of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The purpose of the study is to analyze the level of food security of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The objectives of the study are to assess the level of self–sufficiency in basic agricultural products in accordance with the threshold values of the Food Security Doctrine. The novelty of the study: the position of the region by product categories is determined based on the volume of production and consumption. Conclusions: The Republic of Bashkortostan fully meets its needs for meat and meat products, as well as milk, while being a donor region. In terms of the production of eggs, vegetables and potatoes, the Republic of Bashkortostan is a recipient region. The level of food security in accordance with the Doctrine of Food Security is at an insufficient level. The targets of the strategic plan for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2020 were not achieved in the sector of grain and leguminous crops production.

Use of Nature Based Materials for Textile Wastewater Treatment - A Review

Textile products remain one of the basic products the human being cannot do without. Textile manufacturing industry is an important source point of waste water as the production of textiles requires large amount of water and over 90% of the water is discharged as waste. Due to the fact that textile products are produced in varieties of colours and patterns, use of dyes and other chemicals are usually unavoidable. consequently, effluents from the manufacturing process contain a quite number of organic and inorganic chemical compounds that have been found to have hazardous impacts on the environment. Coagulation and adsorption processes are important parts conventional waste water treatment methods. The cost of acquiring chemical coagulants and activated adsorbent has triggered research towards low cost alternatives with eco-friendly properties. In this paper, the use of natural coagulants and adsorbents for treatment of textile wastewater is looked into to cover various types of the natural materials employed for the abatement of various pollutants from the industrial effluent. The principle of adsorption and coagulations, methods used in the preparation of the natural coagulants and adsorbents and their application to real textile wastewater-this covers the review of reported works in the recent decade and the latest trend in the treatment textile waste water in such a way that environmental protection and human health are prioritized as textile waste water is known for its toxic constituents. In addition, the survey reveals the research gap in the area of application of nature based materials to industrial textile waste water which may be of importance for intending researchers in natural coagulation and adsorption.

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF COVID-19 IMPACTS ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIORS FOR FMCG PRODUCTS IN INDIA

The aim of article is to identify and analyze all the impacts of COVID-19 on consumer buying behavior for Fast Moving Consumer Goods in India and significant changes that takes place post- covid-19. The awareness and understanding of changing consumer behavior can help brand marketers future-proof their operations in the post COVID period. The current situation currently prevailing in global markets is mainly influenced by external factors- the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of political and governmental steps and the economic situation. This paper mainly aims to identify changes in consumer behavior when buying basic products – food, clothing drugstore goods, and footwear and electronics during the pandemic of COVID-19

Electrochemical Manufacturing Routes for Organic Chemical Commodities.

Electrochemical synthesis of organic chemical commodities provides an alternative to conventional thermochemical manufacturing and enables the direct use of renewable electricity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the chemical industry. We discuss electrochemical synthesis approaches that use abundant carbon feedstocks for the production of the largest petrochemical precursors and basic organic chemical products: light olefins, olefin oxidation derivatives, aromatics, and methanol. First, we identify feasible routes for the electrochemical production of each commodity while considering the reaction thermodynamics, available feedstocks, and competing thermochemical processes. Next, we summarize successful catalysis and reaction engineering approaches to overcome technological challenges that prevent electrochemical routes from operating at high production rates, selectivity, stability, and energy conversion efficiency. Finally, we provide an outlook on the strategies that must be implemented to achieve large-scale electrochemical manufacturing of major organic chemical commodities.

Perceptions of Moscow population about healthy nutrition and food consumption in households

Background. Nutrition is one of the most important determinants for the population health. Increasing the population commitment to a healthy lifestyle, in particular healthy nutrition, is an important state task, which includes an integrated approach: educational policy, creation of an economic, legislative and material base. Monitoring is necessary to determine the necessary areas of work and evaluate their effectiveness.
 Subject. Perceptions of Moscow population about capital about healthy eating and eating behavior. Objective. To identify the specifics of the Moscow population's perception of healthy eating and appropriate behavior, with comparison to the healthy eating norms. Methods. Authors used statistical data by Rosstat on the consumption of basic food products and telephone survey of the Moscow population, conducted by the Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department (2021). 474 people were interviewed, representing the population by age and sex. Results. The majority of Muscovites (59%) consider healthy eating as abiding by nutritional principles. 22% of respondents told about the need to exclude/reduce certain foods and dishes (fatty, sweet, fried food) in their diet. 26% of respondents associate vegetables with a healthy diet, 17% named fruits, 7% mentioned meat. The study revealed insufficient consumption of 1) vegetables and melons is detected: 102.9 kg/year/person vs the recommended 140 kg/year/person; 2) fruits and berries: 80.6 kg/year/person vs the recommended 100 kg/year/person. In turn, the consumption of sugar and confectionery products is excessive: 22.1 kg/year/person vs the recommended 8 kg/year/person. Consumption of meat and processed meat is also excessive, mainly due to industrial meat products. The study correlated statistical and survey data and found a few intersecting points.
 Conclusion. In general, the population has notions of a healthy diet, but it needs to be supplemented, adjusted and systematized. In particular, eating habits of specific foods prove the need to strengthen preventive work in this area.

РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ ПРОГРАММЫ В АЛТАЙСКОМ КРАЕ В 1980-Е ГГ.: БЫЛА ЛИ ВЫПОЛНЕНА ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННАЯ ПРОГРАММА?

The paper introduces the information pertaining to the Altai Krai CPSU Committee “On the Discussion of the Results of the May (1982) Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee and the Ongoing Work to Implement Its Decisions in Altai Krai”, which the author discovered at the Altai Krai State Archive. The author analyzes the results of agricultural production development, as well as the level of consumption of basic food products by the population according to the results of implementation of the Food Program in the last two Soviet five-year plans.

Designing a Policy-Making Model for Biomass Energy Development Training in the Agricultural Supply Chain Sector

This basic-applied and hybrid survey aimed to design and validate a policy-making model for biomass energy development training in the agricultural supply chain sector. Creating a supply chain for basic agricultural products by including a wide range of agricultural subsectors from the supply of required production inputs to the final consumer’s access to the goods will lead to an increase in the productivity of the agricultural sector as well as the upstream and downstream industries related to it. Therefore, considering the importance of creating an optimal supply chain for various agricultural products, in this study, the situation of the supply chain of agricultural products in the country has been examined. Considering that the lack of appropriate policies regarding the management of the supply chain of agricultural products can lead to the inefficiency of the supply chain of agricultural products in various stages including supply of inputs, production and distribution, and marketing of products, it is suggested that planning and related policies should be implemented in order to improve the infrastructure that leads to increasing the efficiency of some logistics subsystems such as transportation, warehousing, communication, and information systems. Purposive sampling was used in the qualitative part, and stratified random sampling was utilized in the quantitative part. The data were collected by reviewing resources and interviewing ten experts, who were mainly policy-making managers of biomass energy development training and academic researchers. The interviews continued until reaching theoretical saturation, and the samples of the quantitative part included 384 members of the environmental and agricultural Jihad employees, who were selected based on Cochran’s formula. The effective components of the education policy of biomass energy development and their factors were identified by the exploratory method and evaluated through descriptive-survey research. The validity and reliability of the components were examined, and Cronbach’s alpha of all components was higher than 0.7. The essential components of the effective factors were measured in the education policy of biomass energy development in the agricultural sector. The model validity was verified through the structural equation method, and the selection of concepts, dimensions, and indicators was highly accurate and could provide a suitable framework for developing a policy perspective document for biomass energy education. According to the coding results, the development and acceptance of biomass energy systems by the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad and Environment in the country is unsuitable and sustainable, considering the passage of more than a decade of designing and implementing plans. According to experts, some farmers implement this method in their fields for one or two years and return to traditional methods after accepting this technology. The main achievements are as a core category or phenomenon conditions to casual conditions path with coefficient 0.916 is significant. Strategies to the core category or phenomenon conditions’ path with a coefficient of 0.051 are significant. Strategies to contextual conditions’ path with coefficients 1.231 are significant. Strategies for intervening condition path with coefficients 2.235 are significant. Consequences to strategies’ path with coefficients 0.807 are significant. Therefore, the development of biomass energy is an inevitable necessity, considering the erosion and reduction of soil organic matter, increasing energy costs, and other factors.

The Effects of Consumer Information Confusion and Choice Confusion on Purchasing-Related Behavior of Adult Men in Their 20s and 30s When Purchasing Basic Cosmetics in a Multi-Channel Environment

The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of consumer information confusion and choice confusion perceived by adult men in their 20s-30s on purchase-related behaviors for the purchase of basic skincare cosmetics in multichannel environment. The research subjects were adult men in their 20s-30s who had experiences in on/offline information search for the purchase of basic skincare cosmetics in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon region. From June 15 to July 15, 2022, an online survey using NAVER Form was conducted. Total 300 questionnaires were distributed and then 295 questionnaires were utilized for the final analysis after excluding five questionnaires with insincere responses. Using the SPSS WIN 21.0 Program for data analysis, this study conducted the frequency analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. In the results of this study, when the information confusion got higher due to the overloaded information about basic skincare cosmetics on/offline, the behavior of delaying the purchase of basic skincare products was highly shown in adult men in their 20s-30s. Also, in case of the purchase of basic skincare cosmetics, there are many similar basic skincare cosmetic products in on/offline shops. When the confusion about the choice of basic skincare cosmetics suitable for one’s own skin type was higher, the behavior of delaying the purchase decision-making of basic skincare cosmetics was highly shown in adult men in their 20s-30s. In the results of this study, the adult men in their 20s-30s are facing much confusion about cosmetic information search and choice due to numerous cosmetic information on/offline, and also delaying their purchase for a moment as it is not directly connected to the purchase of cosmetics. This shows that the adult men in their 20s-30s are facing much confusion in the circumstance of choosing their basic skincare cosmetics among massive, exaggerated, and similar information about cosmetics in the information environment.

The Preparation and Potential Bioactivities of Modified Pectins: A Review.

Pectins are complex polysaccharides that are widely found in plant cells and have a variety of bioactivities. However, the high molecular weights (Mw) and complex structures of natural pectins mean that they are difficult for organisms to absorb and utilize, limiting their beneficial effects. The modification of pectins is considered to be an effective method for improving the structural characteristics and promoting the bioactivities of pectins, and even adding new bioactivities to natural pectins. This article reviews the modification methods, including chemical, physical, and enzymatic methods, for natural pectins from the perspective of their basic information, influencing factors, and product identification. Furthermore, the changes caused by modifications to the bioactivities of pectins are elucidated, including their anti-coagulant, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and anti-bacterial activities and the ability to regulate the intestinal environment. Finally, suggestions and perspectives regarding the development of pectin modification are provided.

МЕТОД ПІДТВЕРДЖЕННЯ РЕСУРСНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК МЕТАЛЕВОЇ ЛОПАТІ НЕСУЧОГО ГВИНТА ВЕРТОЛЬОТА ЗА РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ ВИПРОБУВАНЬ

The helicopter main rotor blade is the basic product that determines the reliability and service life of the helicopter as a whole. The problem of predicting and ensuring the specified blade life is an urgent problem considered at the stage of its design. The analysis of the design, structural materials and design and technological solutions of the main rotor blade (RB) of the Mi-8 helicopter has been carried out. A brief description of the main rotor blade of the Mi-8 helicopter is presented. The analysis was carried out and a standard flight cycle (SFC) of the helicopter was developed. The type of bench equipment for carrying out bench fatigue tests of the blade has been selected and justified. The loads on the main rotor blade for the SFC are determined. To determine the fatigue life of a blade, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the stress-strain state. The calculation of the stress-strain state (SSS) of a blade by the finite element method (FEM) using the ANSYS system is presented. The characteristics of the stress-strain state of the spar of the regular and irregular parts of the rotor blade of a helicopter are determined using the ANSYS system. The use of numerical methods for calculating the characteristics of the stress-strain state can significantly reduce the time and cost of designing a blade. The paper presents the results of calculating the regular part of the main rotor blade of the Mi-8 helicopter in the hover mode in the case of its loading with aerodynamic and inertial load from rotation, as well as the force from its own weight. With the help of the ANSYS system, a finite element model of the regular part of the blade was developed, consisting of a set of beam elements of variable section, a calculation was carried out taking into account the geometric nonlinearity of the structure's behavior, and an analysis of the results obtained was carried out. To describe the response of materials to an external action, a model of an elastically deformable isotropic body was used with the assignment of the corresponding elastic constants of the material. The analysis of the calculation results includes the determination of reactions at the attachment points, the values of the maximum displacements of structural elements and stresses in dangerous sections. Dangerous sections are determined and the values of the longitudinal force and bending moment in these sections are calculated. The assessment of the static strength of the blade by the safety factor was carried out. When evaluating the static strength, the equivalent stresses according to Mises were considered as the maximum design stresses. To assess the fatigue strength, we analyzed the distribution of the main tensile stresses in the power elements over typical stress concentrators. The maximum level of the main tensile stresses in the dangerous section indicates that the blade material operates in the zone of high-cycle fatigue. A technique for calibrating strain gauge channels has been developed. The calculation of the characteristics of the rotor blade of a helicopter is based on the requirements set forth in the technical literature, regulatory documents. When performing work, the requirements of the Aviation Rules, Part 29 (AP - 29) were taken into account. These studies were the basis for the development of a method for confirming the resource characteristics of a helicopter main rotor blade based on the results of flight and bench tests.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTIPYRETIC AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITIES OF CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF ALOE BARBADENSIS MILLER IN ALBINO RATS

The pharmacological activities of the leaf gel of Aloe vera have been extensively evaluated. Gel and latex are two basic products of aloe leaves. Latex and gel contain biologically active components. Polysaccharides contained in the leaf gel attribute most of the health benefits like anti-inflammatory, pain and fever, associated with aloe vera. In the present study, chloroform extract of A. barbadensis at various concentrations was investigated for its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activities in albino rats. Twenty-four albino rats were randomly divided into three groups (control, standard and experimental group). Division of groups was the same for all activities. Control and standard groups contain 4 rats in each group whereas experimental group contains 16. All the rats in three groups were treated with carrageenan to induce oedema, Brewer’s yeast to induce pyrexia and acetic acid to induce pain. The control group was treated with normal saline for all the activities. Standard group rats were treated with the reference drug diclofenac for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and paracetamol for antipyretic activity. Experimental group rats were given chloroform extract of A. barbadensis with 50, 100, 200 and 400mg/kg concentration. The result showed a significant inhibition (98%) in oedema at 3rd hour at the dose of 400mg/kg as compared to control group. For antipyretic activity, there was a significant reduction (66%) in pyrexia at 4th hour at the dose of 50mg/kg as compared to control group. And in analgesic model a significant reduction (64%) in the writhing at the dose of 400mg/kg as compared to control group. These results demonstrated that the chloroform extract of Aloe barbadensis miller have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activity and suggested its inhibitory actions on inflammation, fever and pain.

Plastic management to reduce environmental pollution

There is an infinity of plastic products which have facilitated human life, but have also caused great environmental pollution that affects flora, fauna and of course the human being. Such is the use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is a widely used plastic throughout the world, in Mexico and in each of the states and municipalities that comprise it. The vast majority of organizations, scientists, and others have understood this situation and have promulgated laws, designed strategies, environmental programs, etc. in order to contain or reduce their use or even recycle and reuse these materials, since once they are discarded they become polluting materials. Objective: Given this situation, this project is proposed whose objective is to design a program to reduce the contamination generated by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mainly among other plastics in the municipality of Silacayoápam, Oaxaca, Mexico and in turn reactivate the local economy in small businesses stores through exchanges for basic basket products. Method: Using the documentary analysis technique, primary information was collected by conducting a direct survey of the inhabitants of the municipality, after which it was systematized in data record sheets, and the main challenges posed by the use of the polymer in the municipality were identified. Results: with the data collected, strategies for the use of plastic were analyzed and proposed, designing a management program for PET and other plastics for the local area that helps reduce environmental impact, and also promote environmental culture in the municipality and on the other. side and perhaps more important is to reactivate the economy of local businesses. Discussion and conclusions: the generation of this type of strategies allows, on the one hand, to have a culture of collection and recycling and, on the other hand, to support small businesses affected by the pandemic and the inflation of basic basket products, this represents an enormous challenge in the region and at the national level to define a more efficient, inclusive and sustainable waste management system, to reduce health and environmental problems.

AOP-Based Transformation of Abacavir in Different Environments: Evolution Profile of Descyclopropyl-Abacavir and In Silico Toxicity Assessment of the Main Transformation Products

This study explores the photocatalytic transformation of the antiviral drug abacavir employing different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as UV/TiO2, UV/MOF/H2O2, UV/MOF/S2O82-, UV/Fe2+/H2O2, and UV/Fe2+/S2O82-. All processes appear to be effective in eliminating abacavir within a few minutes, while the evolution profile of the basic transformation product, descyclopropyl-abacavir (TP-247) was also monitored. Moreover, the implementation of the most efficient technologies towards the removal of abacavir in different matrices such as wastewater effluent and leachate was also assessed, revealing that the organic matter present or the inorganic constituents can retard the whole process. Four major transformation products were detected, and their time-evolution profiles were recorded in all studied matrices, revealing that different transformation pathways dominate in each matrix. Finally, the prediction of the toxicity of the major TPs employing ECOSAR software was conducted and showed that only hydroxylation can play a detoxification role in the treated solution.