Basic Groups Research Articles

Analisis Keterampilan Mahasiswa sebagai Pemimpin Kelompok daam Kegiatan Praktikum Fisika

<p><em>Leaders in a group have an important role to organize their members so that the goals of the group can be achieved. The ability of the leader in the basic physics practicum group is in fact not working effectively, therefore it is necessary to analyze the basic abilities that a leader must have. The purpose of this study is to analyze the skills of students as a leader of the basic physics practicum group. This research is a qualitative research with research instruments in the form of observation sheets and questionnaire sheets. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that the basic skills of a leader in the basic physics practicum group were obtained on average by 8.9 with a moderate category. These basic skills are based on the leader's indicators, namely analytical ability, communication skills, courage, listening ability, assertiveness, and the ability to provide encouragement. With these basic skills, a leader in the basic physics practicum group is able to organize its members in participating in practicum activities in accordance with existing procedures. </em></p>

Evaluación de los niveles de factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, interferón gamma, procalcitonina y neopterina en bovinos seropositivos para Brucella

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that affects a large number of people and animals, causing physical disability, workforce loss and significant economic losses in the livestock industry. In the current study, it was aimed to determine and compare the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF–α), interferon gamma (IFN–γ), Procalcitonin (PCT) and Neopterin in the blood serums of cattle with brucellosis and vaccinated against brucellosis. The materials of this study consisted of a total 48 blood serums belonging to three basic groups, each consisting of 16 animals. Disease group (1st group) were divided into two subgrups each consisting of 8 animals that 21st day after abortion and seropositive 7 months pregnant, the vaccinated (2nd group) and the control (3rd group) groups were divided into two subgroups, each consisting of 8 animals that gave birth 21 days ago and 7 months pregnant. IFN–γ and PCT levels were determined by sandwich enzyme immunoassay, TNF–α and Neopterin levels were determined using competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay method by using ELISA device. In this study, TNF–α, PCT and Neopterin levels measured in the blood serums of the Brucella seropositive (1st), conjunctival Brucella abortus S19 vaccine administered (2nd) and unvaccinated Brucella seronegative control groups were compared and no significant difference could be determined between the subgroups of the groups (P>0.05). There were a significant differences between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups (P<0.05). IFN–γ levels determined in the blood serums of 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups were compared and nosignificant differences were found between the subgroups of 2nd and 3rd groups (P>0.05), but there were a significant differences between the subgroups of the 1st group (P<0.05). Similarly, a significant differences were determined between 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups in terms of IFN–γ levels (P<0.05). As a result, it was thought that detecting very high serum TNF–α, IFN–γ, neopterin levels in cattle with brucellosis would be helpful in the diagnosis and follow–up of brucellosis. However, it was concluded that there is a need for controlled studies comparing more herds with brucellosis to determine whether the relevant cytokines can be used in the diagnosis of brucellosis.

Improved thermolytic dehydrogenation of LiBH4 nanoconfined in few-layer graphene with different functionalities

In this work, lithium borohydride (LiBH4) was loaded into plasma-activated nanoporous few-layer graphene (FLG) powders with different specific surface areas (∼400–800 m2/g) and functional groups (carboxyl and amine) to investigate the effect of LiBH4@FLG nanoconfinement on the dehydrogenation properties. It was observed that the dehydrogenation temperature dropped significantly from 463 °C for pure LiBH4 to ∼120 °C for all LiBH4@FLG nanocomposites. This was attributed to the nano-sized pores of the FLG materials that can constrain LiBH4 by nanoconfinement and thus decrease the dehydrogenation temperature. The highest dehydrogenation yield of 83% occurred in LiBH4@FLG with 400 m2/g surface area and amine groups, possibly due to Lewis basic amino groups and better graphitic structure. Moreover, it was found that both the surface area and the graphitic defects on the FLG host materials have an influence on the dehydrogenation kinetics. LiBH4@FLG with 800 m2/g surface area and carboxyl groups possesses the lowest activation energy due to its high surface area and high concentration of graphitic defects.

Polyethyleneimine-confined halloysite nanotubes for poly(2,5-benzimidazole) composite membranes with phosphoric acid retention and proton conductivity via ion pairs for wide-temperature PEMFCs

To prevent phosphoric acid (PA) from leaching and harming traditional polybenzimidazole-based proton exchange membranes, polyethyleneimine-confined halloysite nanotubes (PEI@HNTs) were embedded in poly (2,5-benzimidazole) membranes to construct rich ion pairs that stably conducted protons. With the aid of supercritical carbon dioxide, PEI oligomers with basic groups were confined in HNTs. Then, through in-situ synthesis, highly-dispersed PEI@HNT enhanced the mechanical stability of composite membranes, whose basicity improved the absorption and retention capacity of PA. The PEI@HNTs/ABPBI composite membrane exhibited excellent mechanical strength and electrical performance over a temperature range of 40–180 °C. The through-plane proton conductivity of the 5%PEI@HNTs/ABPBI composite membrane was 0.061 S cm−1 at 98% relative humidity and 90 °C and 0.049 S cm−1 under anhydrous conditions at 180 °C. This performance was attributed to strong hydrogen bonding between PEI and PA, as well as the excellent retention of bound water within the HNTs. The peak power density of PA-doped 5%PEI@HNTs/ABPBI composite membrane reached 0.235 W cm−2 and 0.418 W cm−2 at 120 °C and 180 °C under anhydrous conditions, respectively, which were 1.68 and 1.96 times higher than those obtained with the pristine PA-ABPBI membrane. These results highlight the potential of this composite membrane for applications requiring a wide temperature range.

Without memory, desire, or sex: contemplating the incel identity

This article proposes a psychoanalytic exploration and interpretation of the incel identity. Through a reading of Melanie Klein's object relations theory and with a particular focus on the theories of Wilfred Bion, the evolution of the incel identity is conceptualised as a product of failed containment and delayed development of a mature psychic mechanism for thinking, firmly rooted in the paranoid–schizoid position. The incel's relationship with women is shown to be characterised by a dependence on psychotic processes and defence mechanisms, and the article concludes with a discussion on the individual's relationship to the incel internet subculture as a basic assumption group. These interpretations are made with reference to examples taken from the transcript of a final video manifesto recorded by a notorious incel prior to his infamous act of fatal misogynistic violence.

Perinatal experiences of Ukrainian women at the beginning of the war

ABSTRACT Objective Pregnancy and childbirth are related to the experience of distress at their core. However, this distress is significantly increased under war conditions. The study aims to examine the perinatal experience of women during the war in Ukraine. Methods 12 Ukrainian women who were pregnant and lived in Kyiv or the suburbs of Kyiv from February to May 2022 took part in the study. In-depth interviews were conducted online in the form of semi-structured interviews, and the thematic analysis technique was used. Results The perinatal experiences of women during the war in Ukraine were divided into 2 basic groups: negative perinatal experiences and positive perinatal experiences during the war. The negative perinatal experiences were grouped into three main themes: 1) negative emotions experienced in association with war, 2) dissatisfaction with medical support during the war, 3) suffering associated with separation from a husband and relatives. The positive perinatal experiences include 6 main themes: 1) the joy of returning or/and staying home, 2) satisfaction with medical support during the war, 3) coping with stress during the war, 4) family relationships and support during the war, 5) positive attitudes towards the child (or unborn child), 6) patriotic sentiments. Conclusion The study revealed negative and positive aspects of the perinatal experience of Ukrainian women during the war. Providing access to medical advice, facilitating uncertainty reduction, and communication between women and their families contribute to positive perinatal experiences of pregnant women and new mothers during the war.

Copper MOFs performance in the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxides

The research in advanced materials for effective CO2 capture and conversion is an imperative duty for the next years. In this sense MOF materials are being intensively tested for this purpose. Herein, seven different copper-based MOF materials with different functional organic groups in their linkers have been assessed to comprehend some structural features that influence the CO2 transformation via cycloaddition reaction with epoxides: Cu-URJC-1 (tetrazole group), Cu-URJC-8 (primary amine group), Cu-MOF-74 (hydroxyl group), JUC-62 (azo group), PCN-16 (triple bond group), HNUST-1 (amide group) and HKUST-1. When epichlorohydrin was used as a substrate, Cu-URJC-8 produced the best epoxide conversion (90%) and selectivity to cyclic carbonate (>99%), despite showing a modest surface area. This result can be explained by the higher basicity of primary amines than other basic functional organic groups of the MOFs. However, when styrene oxide was used as substrate, Cu-URJC-1 led to the best reaction results with a conversion and selectivity toward cyclic carbonate of 60 and 86%, respectively. This result was achieved because this material presents the synergic effect of having in its flexible structure 12 Å channels, that favors the styrene oxide diffusion, and a great number of basic nitrogen atoms, which can increase the reactivity of carbon dioxide. In summary, the presence of nitrogen atoms in the organic linker increases the CO2 conversion by promoting the reactivity of this molecule.

Association between salivary proteases and protease inhibitors linked with viral infections and oral inflammatory diseases

IntroductionDespite the role of transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) in facilitating the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the primary cause of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the interaction of extracellular and intracellular proteases in this process remains poorly elucidated. Thus, we monitored the salivary expression concentration (SEC) of TMPRSS2 and its inhibitor, alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT), and investigated whether oral inflammatory diseases affected the SEC of both proteins. Materials and methodsWe collected saliva samples before and after surgical treatment of inflammatory cystic diseases (radicular and inflammatory dentigerous cysts) in 25 patients. The SEC of TMPRSS2 and A1AT was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SEC in multiple patient status groups and subgroups of each status were investigated. Finally, the correlation between TMPRSS2 and A1AT SEC was analyzed. ResultsThe TMPRSS2 and A1AT SEC did not significantly change pre- or post-treatment. The TMPRSS2 SEC was significantly higher before and after treatment in patients aged >50 years, patients with radicular cysts, and patients with the basic disease. A1AT SEC was significantly decreased after treatment in the acute inflammation, large-sized, and patients without basic disease groups. No significant correlation was observed between the SEC of either protein before and after treatment. DiscussionIndividual-specific SEC for TMPRSS2 may be influenced by age, lesion type, and basic disease; however, oral inflammatory diseases may not have a direct effect. Moreover, the extent of oral inflammatory diseases and the presence of basic diseases may be associated with A1AT SEC. Furthermore, the SEC between the two proteins may be independent.

Let the TV on! Audience Behaviour Patterns during ‘First Wave’ of Covid-19 in the Czech Republic

While most media research on the Covid-19 pandemic focuses on misinformation or polarisation of society, we find a niche in what strategies mass audiences chose to adopt when receiving the news. We addressed this very question immediately at the beginning of the pandemic in the Czech Republic in 2020, choosing a quantitative method and apply it on a representative sample of the Czech population according to standard quota sampling parameters. The specificities of the Czech Republic, as one of the most affected countries and holding the primacy with the highest number of deaths from Covid-19 per population in the world, played an important role in the selection of news. Our research identified four basic groups of recipients: Concerned, Careful, Sceptical, and Detached. Research in Germany (Wolling, Schumann & Arlt, 2020), for example, has found similar classifications. Another important finding was the audience’s preferences in terms of the use of different types of media, with our respondents being completely dominated by television as the primary source of information. Other key finding is that audiences felt overwhelmed by news of the pandemic, which implies challenges for further research but especially for journalistic practice.

Współczesna rodzina jako „szkoła cnót społecznych” i jej rola w budowaniu rodzicielskiego autorytetu w procesie wychowania dzieci

The family, as the basic social group, has existed since ancient times, universally throughout the world. The importance of the roles it comes to play in the socialisation and upbringing processes, in society or in meeting the needs of humans as individuals, cannot be overestimated. For each member of the family, being in the family implies different roles and functions to perform, including in the lives of others. This article attempts to show how the youngest members of the family view their parents from the perspective of the authority that parents have for their children. The main aim of the research was an attempt to diagnose the phenomenon of parental authority in the eyes of children and to verify the declared parental attitudes manifested towards children. It is also an attempt to show the importance of the mutual relations between parents and their children. Keywords: family, authority, parenting styles, family ties, parental attitudes

Effect of modification with hydrobromic acid on the performance of activated carbon in the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution

AbstractThe ability of activated carbon from coconut shell to adsorb Cr(VI) from aqueous environment has been ameliorated by treating the carbon with hydrobromic acid. The best carbon is gained by soaking activated carbon in 0.3 mol L−1 HBr solution at 80°C for 13 h followed by being carbonized at 600°C in nitrogen for 1.5 h. The Cr(VI) adsorbed at equilibrium by the best as‐prepared carbon is 11.32 mg g−1 while that by the original one is 7.801 mg g−1. Characterization results manifest that the treatment with HBr solution leads to the increase of acidic groups and the decrease of basic groups on the carbon surface. The treatment with HBr solution produces many lactonic groups on the carbon. BET determination indicates that some micropores and mesopores are generated by the treatment with HBr solution. The increase of acidic groups and magnification of surface area is ascribed to the improvement of the ability to adsorb Cr(VI) ions. Lactonic groups and micropores play a key role in adsorbing Cr(VI) from water.

Effects of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) supplementation into quail diets on performance, blood serum parameters and intestine microbial populations

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) (SM) supplementations into quail diets on live weight (LW), live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), blood serum biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, total protein, triglyceride, glucose) and intestine bacteria populations. A total of 120 Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) were used in present experiments. Quail were separated into 4 groups (control and 3 treatment groups). Control group was fed with a basic ration and treatments groups were fed with 0.5, 1 and 2% shiitake mushroom-supplemented diets. Shiitake mushroom supplementations significantly influenced live weights (P<0.05). Differences in live weight gains, feed consumptions, feed conversion ratios, blood serum parameters and intestine bacteria populations of the treatment groups were not found to be significant (P>0.05). SM supplementations influenced live weight gains and feed conversion ratios in the 4th week of the experiments (P>0.05). SM supplementations also influenced blood serum glucose levels (P<0.05).

Experimental and Theoretical Estimations of Atrazine's Adsorption in Mangosteen-Peel-Derived Nanoporous Carbons.

Nanoporous carbons were prepared via chemical and physical activation from mangosteen-peel-derived chars. The removal of atrazine was studied due to the bifunctionality of the N groups. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle pore diffusion kinetic models were analyzed. Adsorption isotherms were also analyzed according to the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The obtained results were compared against two commercially activated carbons with comparable surface chemistry and porosimetry. The highest uptake was found for carbons with higher content of basic surface groups. The role of the oxygen-containing groups in the removal of atrazine was estimated experimentally using the surface density. The results were compared with the adsorption energy of atrazine theoretically estimated on pristine and functionalized graphene with different oxygen groups using periodic DFT methods. The energy of adsorption followed the same trend observed experimentally, namely the more basic the pH, the more favored the adsorption of atrazine. Micropores played an important role in the uptake of atrazine at low concentrations, but the presence of mesoporous was also required to inhibit the pore mass diffusion limitations. The present work contributes to the understanding of the interactions between triazine-based pollutants and the surface functional groups on nanoporous carbons in the liquid-solid interface.

Thermal cracking of Al-Dora asphalt for the simultaneous production of light fuel and activated carbon for desulfurization process

Thermal cracking of an Iraqi asphalt, namely Al-Dora asphalt, at multiple temperatures for various durations was first achieved. The main target of this investigation was to produce an upgraded liquid fuel and microporous activated carbon. The thermal pyrolysis of asphalt was carried out in the temperature range of 400–600 °C for different durations (30–150 min) at a 20 °C/min heating rate. The maximum liquid fuel yield (51.55%) was produced at 450 °C for 1 h. This treatment process raised the American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of the original asphalt from 3.26 to 34.54, while its viscosity was reduced from 422.0 mm2.s−1 to 3.76 mm2.s−1. Analysis of the produced liquid fuel by 1H NMR spectroscopy,13C NMR spectroscopy, and GC-MS disclosed that it was a mixture of n-paraffins (57.05%), isoparaffins (12.68%), and alkenes (30.27%) with a C6 and C19 carbon distribution. The physical and chemical features of the liquid were also determined following ASTM procedures, and the outcomes revealed that the produced liquid fuel had preferable properties to that of the authentic asphalt, suggesting its suitability as an alternative to diesel fuel. The coke produced after thermal pyrolysis of Al-Dora asphalt was successfully converted into active carbon (AC) via the optimized KOH-activation route, and the selected AC was prepared using a 2:1 KOH: coke impregnation ratio at 750 °C for 1 h. The AC was characterized by various techniques, including BET surface area and pore volume, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The total acid and basic surface groups besides the pHPZC of the AC were also determined. The adsorption efficiency of the as-obtained AC was tested in the adsorptive desulfurization process. For this target, dibenzothiophene (DBT) in n-hexane was selected as a model fuel. The AC showed an excellent efficiency of 99.33% for eliminating DBT from a model fuel containing 500 mg/L DBT using 0.35 g of AC at 40 °C for 30 min. Moreover, the removal of S- compounds from commercial gasoline using the AC under typical experimental conditions reached 65.12%. The adsorption of DBT by the produced AC offered an excellent fitting for Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo-2nd-order kinetics model. Finally, the regenerated AC demonstrated its ability to eliminate DBT up to the 6th reuse cycle efficiently.

Test the Effectiveness of Carrot Tuber Ethanol Extract Cream Preparation Formulation in Preventing Increased Melanin in Male Wistar Rats Exposed to UVB Light

This study was conducted with the aim of proving carrot tuber extract (Daucus carota L.) formulated in cream form can prevent an increase in the amount of melanin in the skin tissue of male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to UVB light and see histopathological changes due to carrot tuber extract given as a prevention of increasing the amount of melanin. This study is experimental with a post-test only control group research design. The test method used was testing the amount of melanin modified using a 13 watt Exoterra UVB 200 lamp. The animals tested were rats (Rattus norvegicus) male wistar strain aged 2-3 months, weighing ± 200 grams. Male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Each group consists of 5 male rats. The test area on the back of the back is 2x2 cm2. Group I male rats without cream administration as a negative control group, Group II male rats for Parasol Face Sunscreen Cream as a positive group. Group III is the group with the provision of basic ingredient cream and group IV-VI is the group with the administration of 25% carrot tuber extract cream; 50 %; 75 %. topically for 4 weeks.. The evaluation was performed by observing the amount of melanin at week 4 of histopathology analyzing in the test area. The results will be processed with IBM SPSS 21.0 and analyzed with the steps of Descriptive Analysis, Normality Analysis with data using Shapiro-Wilk test and Homogeneity using Levene's test, Comparative Analysis using one way Anova test, followed by Post-hoc test with LSD test. If the data is abnormal, use non-parametric analysis of the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that extra ethanol of carrot tubers can prevent the increase in the amount of melanin. This was shown by its ability to reduce melanin and histopathological changes in a group of male rats applied carrot tuber ethanol extract cream within 4 weeks

Clients of a HIV-service NPO: structure, typology, behavioral features

Every year the number of registered HIV-infected people is increasing, which by the end of 2021 made 851.8 thousand people. In this connection the organization of work on prevention and treatment of HIV infection is relevant. The survey of 6313 representatives of the key group, i.e. clients of HIV servicing NPOs — Russians (4793 people) and citizens of other countries (1520 people) identified the main risk groups, for which it is necessary to work out the principal activity strategies connected with treatment and prevention. Every tenth client of the Charitable Foundation is HIV-infected and hepatitis C positive, every fourth has had or is having sexually transmitted infection (STI), and 4.6% of men and 1.4% of women have syphilis. The group is characterized by risky behavior in terms of HIV infection, STIs (and other dangerous diseases), including: drug use (17.8% of men — injecting and/or 46.1% of women — non-injecting), prostitution (13.6% of men and 15.4% of women), consume sex services (16.6% of men and 5.0% of women). Based on analytical and mathematical methods, eight basic conditional groups of patients of the Foundation were identified that will allow us to develop work strategies depending on a number of basic socio-demographic characteristics (age, sexual orientation), attainability of clients, morbidity, risk behavior and attitudes regarding morbidity, treatment and prevention. In particular, the most difficult groups of clients to work with at the Foundation have been identified: legal and illegal migrants and men involved in prostitution. What all of these groups have in common is that they depend on their employer and their priority is to keep their jobs, for the sake of which they are willing to sacrifice their health and lead deviant lifestyles.

Comparing myopic error in patients with basic and convergence insufficiency intermittent exotropia in China

PurposeTo compare the degree of myopia between the dominant and non-dominant eyes in teenagers with intermittent exotropia (IXT) in China.MethodsA total of 199 IXT patients with myopia were included in this retrospective study and were divided into two groups according to the difference between near and distance exodeviation: basic IXT and convergence insufficiency (CI) IXT. Refractive errors were analyzed by spherical equivalent (SE) values. Patients were further stratified into anisometropia group and non-anisometropia group based on binocular SE values difference greater than 1.0D or not.ResultsThere were 127 patients in the CI IXT group, with a near deviation of 46.94 ± 20.53 prism diopters (PD) and a distance deviation of 28.36 ± 14.34 PD, and there were 72 (36.2%) patients in the basic IXT group, with a near deviation of 37.68 ± 22.21 PD and a distance deviation angle of 33.21 ± 23.96 PD. The near exodeviation was significantly larger in the CI group than in the basic IXT group(P < 0.001). In the CI IXT group, the mean SE was − 2.09 ± 1.45 diopters (D) in the dominant eye and − 2.53 ± 1.44D in the non-dominant eye, while in the basic IXT group, the mean SE was − 2.46 ± 1.56D in the dominant eye and − 2.89 ± 1.37D in the non-dominant eye. The anisometropia group included 43 patients, while non-anisometropia group included 156 patients. The near and distance exodeviation in the anisometropia group were 45.26 ± 24.41 PD and 33.53 ± 23.31 PD, respectively, and those in the non-anisometropia group were 43.42 ± 20.69 PD and 29.07 ± 16.84 PD, respectively. There were no significant differences in near and distance deviation (P = 0.78 and P = 0.73 respectively) between the two groups. The SE of the dominant eye was less myopic than of the non-dominant eyes in both the CI and anisometropia groups (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsOur study revealed that convergence insufficiency IXT is more common than the basic type in pediatric myopic population and is characterized by higher inter-eye differences of myopia. The dominant eye was found to be less myopic in IXT patients, particularly in those with convergence insufficiency and anisometropia.

Comparative study of different methods for the assessment of print nonuniformity and their correlation with the human visual system

AbstractPrint nonuniformity is the variation of optical density (reflection) on the print and can occur in several different types that can be classified into two basic groups: random and systematic variations. This article examines two types from each group of variations that are most commonly found in digital printing systems: blotches and streaks, where amplitude and size were varied. Three most commonly used methods for measuring the print nonuniformity were used: Grey Level Co‐occurrence Matrix (GLCM), ISO 13660 and Integration (also Improved Integration) method. The results obtained by measuring were compared with a visual assessment to find the link between objective and subjective analysis and to define and determine which method/parameter is the best for the measurement of which type of print (non)uniformity. The obtained results indicate the possibility of selecting the measurement parameter, but that the choice of the parameter depends on the type of nonuniformity. It is concluded that in the case of the GLCM method, the entropy and energy parameters are strongly related to the visual assessment for all three sets of samples. These parameters can be used regardless of the type of nonuniformity. The ISO G parameter can be used to measure both graininess and mottling, while the ISO M parameter is only suitable for measuring mottling. Integration method could be used to measure systematic error. On the basis of conclusions of the research, it is possible to propose the development of an industrially applicable solution for measuring print nonuniformity of digitally printed samples.

Upaya Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Hadrah Dalam Membentuk Akhlakul Karimah Peserta Didik Di MTSN 1 Bengkalis

The purpose of this study was to find out how the extracurricular activities outside the classroom take the form of Hadrah, which emphasizes the Akhlakul Karimah values of MTsN 1 Bengkalis students. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The basic group of this study consisted of coaches, trainers and students totaling 11 people, the sample in this study was 5 people. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this study is the Miles and Huberman model, namely. Data Reduction, Data Presentation and Conclusion/Review. The results of this study indicate that activities outside the Hadrah class tend to form Akhlakul Karimah students at MTsN 1 Bengkalis which is marked by a change in the personality of each student consisting of students becoming more disciplined, responsible, polite and more disciplined. respect teacher. good relations and good social relations between the teacher and his friends

Durability of immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease.

The present study aimed to evaluate the durability of immune response after basic and booster immunization with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Patients with CLD and complete basic or booster immunization with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were included in this study. Based on the vaccination situation, they were divided into the basic immunity group (Basic) and the booster immunity group (Booster), which were then subdivided into four groups according to the time interval from completion of basic immunization or booster immunization to serological specimen collection. The positive rates and antibody titers of novel coronavirus neutralizing antibody (nCoV NTAb) and novel coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain antibody (nCoV S-RBD) were analyzed. A total of 313 patients with CLD were enrolled in this study, including 201 in Basic and 112 in Booster. The positive rates of nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD within 30 days of completing basic immunization were 80.4% and 84.8%, respectively, but decreased rapidly with the extension of vaccination time, and only 29% and 48.4% of patients with CLD remained positive for nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD, respectively, after 120 days of completing basic immunization. Within 30 days of booster immunization, the positive rates of nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD in patients with CLD rapidly increased from 29.0% and 48.4% at the end of basic immunization to 95.2% and 90.5%, and maintained a high level (defined as the positive rate >50%) until 120 days when the positive rates of nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD were still high at 79.5% and 87.2%, respectively. After basic immunization, the time for nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD to turn negative was 120 and 169 days, respectively, and the negative time of nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD was significantly prolonged to 266 days and 329 days, respectively. It is safe and effective for patients with CLD to complete basic and booster immunization with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. After booster immunization, the immune response of patients with CLD was further improved and the durability of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody was significantly prolonged.