Dye Basic Fuchsin Research Articles

Dye-templating nonsurfactant synthesis of mesoporous silica

Following a three-stepped reaction, a novel nonsurfactant method was established to synthesize mesoporous silica using dye Basic Fuchsin (BF) as template, and using m-xylenediisocyanate ( m-XDI) and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as bridging molecules. The first step is to form the intermediate product (namely XA) of m-XDI and APTES. The second step is to form the intermediate product (namely XAD) of XA and dye BF. The third step is the hydrolysis and condensation of siloxane to construct mesopores. Due to the plane structure of dye BF, it was linked with hydrolyzed siloxane precursors to form mesopores. As expected, mesoporous structure could be formed only when the XA to dye molar ratio was set to 3:1. The synthesized mesoporous silica had narrow pore size distribution centered at 3.56 nm and high surface area of 716 m 2 g −1.

Ripening grape berries remain hydraulically connected to the shoot

Berry diameter was monitored during dry-down and rewatering cycles and pressurization of the root system of Vitis vinifera (cv. Merlot) and Vitis labruscana (cv. Concord) to test changes in xylem functionality during grape ripening. Prior to veraison (onset of ripening), berries maintained their size under declining soil moisture until the plants had used 80% of the transpirable soil water, began to shrink thereafter, and recovered rapidly after rewatering. By contrast, berry diameter declined slowly but steadily during post-veraison water stress and did not recover after rewatering; irrigation merely prevented further shrinking. Preconditioning vines with a period of water stress after flowering did not influence the berries' reaction to subsequent changes in transpirable soil water. Pressurizing the root system led to concomitant changes in berry diameter only prior to veraison, although some post-veraison Concord, but not Merlot, berries cracked under root pressurization. The xylem-mobile dye basic fuchsin, infused via the shoot base, moved throughout the berry vasculature before veraison, but became gradually confined to the brush area during ripening. When the dye was infused through the stylar end of attached berries, it readily moved back to the plant both before and after veraison. Our work demonstrated that berry-xylem conduits retain their capacity for water and solute transport during ripening. It is proposed here that apoplastic phloem unloading coupled with solute accumulation in the berry apoplast may be responsible for the decline in xylem water influx into ripening grape berries. Instead, the xylem may serve to recycle excess phloem water back to the shoot.

Effects of plaque disclosing agents on esthetic restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry

The aim of study was to evaluate the color stability of tooth-colored restorative materials usually used in pediatric dentistry after the application of two plaque disclosing agents. Twenty specimens of each material: a resin-modified glass ionomer, a composite resin and an ion-releasing composite resin, were prepared. Baseline color evaluation was performed, samples were exposed to the plaque disclosing agents: a basic fuchsin solution and a fluorescent dye, and new color evaluations were made. The resin-modified glass ionomer stained with basic fuchsin presented the greatest color change in the present study, and the fluorescent dye did not show statistically significant changes among the restorative materials. In conclusion, basic fuchsin dyes should be carefully used in children with a great number of tooth-colored restorations.

A case of intracranial abscess due to Brucella melitensis

A case of intracranial abscess due to Brucella melitensis

Corneosurfametry: A Predictive Assessment of the Interaction of Personal-Care Cleansing Products with Human Stratum corneum

Corneosurfametry is introduced as a noninvasive quantitative test rating the interaction between surfactants and human stratum corneum. It may be used as a predictive irritancy test. Surfactants present in personal-care products elicit multiple effects on the stratum corneum. With upcoming regulations avoiding animal experiments and ethical considerations for human testing, there is a need for new in vitro methods evaluating irritancy. Corneosurfametry entails collection of cyanoacrylate skin surface strippings and short contact time with surfactants followed by staining samples with toluidine blue and basic fuchsin dyes. Measurements are made by reading the color of samples using reflectance colorimetry. The intensity of color increases with irritancy potential of the surfactant. Results are reproducible, and great differences are noted among a series of diluted shampoos, shower gels and facial cleansing gels. Corneosurfametry is proposed as a rapid in vitro method allowing a predictive grading of surfactants related to irritancy.

Interaction with hyperthermia of platinum complexes of triaminotriphenylmethane dyes

Complexes of the tetrachloroplatinum(II) dianion PtCl4 with positively charged nuclear dyes have been designed in an effort to create new anticancer drugs for use with hyperthermia and/or radiation. The PtCl4 complexes with the monocationic triaminotriphenylmethane dye basic fuchsin [Pt(basic fuchsin)2] and the dicatrionic triaminotriphenylmethane dye methyl green [Pt(methyl green)], as well as the free dyes, were tested in exponentially growing EMT6 cells in vitro. Both the platinum complexes and free dyes were only moderately cytotoxic at pH 7.40 and 37 degrees C in normally oxygenated and hypoxic cells where cell killing by these drugs ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 logs at 500 microM. Each agent, however, became more cytotoxic at hyperthermic temperatures and pH 7.40. Pt(methyl green) and Pt(basic fuchsin)2 were slightly more cytotoxic to euoxic as opposed to hypoxic cells. Both platinum complexes became even more cytotoxic at pH 6.45 and 43 degrees C. Under these conditions, Pt(basic fuchsin)2 killed more hypoxic than euoxic cells (4.5 versus 2.5 logs at 500 microM), but Pt(methyl green) killed more euoxic than hypoxic cells (4.5 versus 2.5 logs at 100 microM). Methyl green was less cytotoxic than Pt(methyl green) at pH 6.45 and 43 degrees C, but basic fuchsin was the most cytotoxic drug under these conditions (cell kill of 3.5 logs in both euoxic and hypoxic cells at 100 microM). Intracellular platinum levels measured after 1 h exposure to 25 microM cisplatin, K2PtCl4, PT(methyl green), and PT(basic fuchsin)2 showed that approximately 1 ng of platinum per 10(6) cells was present after treatment with CDDP at pH 7.40 and pH 6.45 and at 37 degrees C and 42 degrees C; and approximately 0.2 ng was present after exposure to K2PtCl4 under each of these conditions. After exposure to Pt(methyl green), approximately 2.5 ng of platinum per 10(6) cells at pH 7.40, 37 degrees C, and 42 degrees C were present but increased to about 6.5 ng at pH 6.45 and 42 degrees C. With Pt(basic fuchsin)K, 726 ng of platinum were present at 37 degrees C, pH 7.40; 920 ng at 42 degrees C, pH 7.40; 313 ng at 37 degrees C, pH 6.45; and 413 ng at 42 degrees C, pH 6.45. Since Pt(methyl green) was more cytotoxic to cells at pH 6.45 and 42 degrees C, some of this effect could be attributed to increased uptake under these conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Energy transfer in surface enhanced luminescence

Radiationless energy transfer from excited dye molecules to silver islands has been studied. The dye is separated from the metal surface by a thin layer of SiOx. When the spacer layer thickness is increased from d=0, an increase in the luminescence intensity is observed. For the low quantum yield dye Basic Fuchsin, a maximum luminescence enhancement of 200 is observed at dSiO≂25 Å, relative to dye on an inert substrate. With further increase in spacer thickness, the luminescence intensity drops rapidly toward the unenhanced value. The results are interpreted in terms of competition between local field enhancement and loss of excitation by energy transfer to the metal.

Prometaphase banding of human chromosomes with basic fuchsin.

A technique is described for the production of detailed and richly contrasting G-band patterns in human prometaphase chromosomes with the aid of the triphenylmethane dye basic fuchsin. The usefulness of this method is illustrated by its application for the precise analysis of two chromosome 11 rearrangements. It is also demonstrated that high-resolution banding with basic fuchsin can reveal bands not present in the international standard idiogram of human prophase chromosomes (ISCN 1981). The technique described can also be used for easy recognition of the late replicating X chromosome, which stains darker than its early replicating homologue. A preliminary analysis of the late replicating X chromosomes in a 49,XXXXY individual suggests that the three supernumerary X chromosomes do not necessarily replicate synchronously.

R- and CT-banding of human chromosomes with basic fuchsin.

A method is described for the staining of distinct R- and CT-banding patterns in human chromosomes with the aid of the triphenylmethane dye basic fuchsin. The results obtained illustrate the applicability of this dye in diagnostic as well as in more fundamental cytogenetic studies.

Concerning the staining properties of aldehyde basic fuchsin.

Selective staining of the anterior pituitary of the frog and the rat is obtained using the solution of aldehyde basic fuchsin prepared from purified pararosaniline, or from some, but not all, commercially available basic fuchsin dyes. The results indicate that the active dye molecule is pararosaniline while rosaniline and magenta II, which may also be present in commercial samples of basic fuchsin, are inert. The selective staining of the pituitary is believed to be due to canboxyl groups in the tissue, which react with an intermediate, meta-stable species formed in the dye solution. The nature of this intermediate remains unknown, but its formation in the staining soloutions can be followed spectrophotometrically. On the basis of the spectral and staining data, the properties of the intermediate are discussed. There is no need of an oxidative step to obtain selective staining.