Basic Design Elements Research Articles

Principles in experimental design for evaluating genomic forecasts

Abstract Over the past decade, there has been a rapid increase in the development of predictive models at the intersection of molecular ecology, genomics, and global change. The common goal of these ‘genomic forecasting’ models is to integrate genomic data with environmental and ecological data in a model to make quantitative predictions about the vulnerability of populations to climate change. Despite rapid methodological development and the growing number of systems in which genomic forecasts are made, the forecasts themselves are rarely evaluated in a rigorous manner with ground‐truth experiments. This study reviews the evaluation experiments that have been done, introduces important terminology regarding the evaluation of genomic forecasting models, and discusses important elements in the design and reporting of ground‐truth experiments. To date, experimental evaluations of genomic forecasts have found high variation in the accuracy of forecasts, but it is difficult to compare studies on a common ground due to different approaches and experimental designs. Additionally, some evaluations may be biased toward higher performance because training data and testing data are not independent. In addition to independence between training data and testing data, important elements in the design of an evaluation experiment include the construction and parameterization of the forecasting model, the choice of fitness proxies to measure for test data, the construction of the evaluation model, the choice of evaluation metric(s), the degree of extrapolation to novel environments or genotypes, and the sensitivity, uncertainty and reproducbility of forecasts. Although genomic forecasting methods are becoming more accessible, evaluating their limitations in a particular study system requires careful planning and experimentation. Meticulously designed evaluation experiments can clarify the robustness of the forecasts for application in management. Clear reporting of basic elements of experimental design will improve the rigour of evaluations, and in turn our understanding of why models work in some cases and not others.

Analysis of visual communication elements in variable font design from the perspective of digital technology

With the maturity of digital technology, the effectiveness of information transmission has received extensive attention. Variable font design is regarded as an extension of graphic design in digital media art, and variable font design is studied from the perspective of information communication design. From the perspective of digital technology, based on the research theory of variable information communication design, combined with the specific methods of font design, the perception, cognitive methods, and aesthetic laws of aesthetic subject vision and psychology in the field of font variable design are discussed. Provide relevant theoretical support for information communication design activities with variable fonts. Based on artificial intelligence technology, a new interactive art expression method is proposed. By analyzing the main expression scenarios of interactive art, namely user information communication scenarios, interactive art push scenarios, interactive art promotion scenarios and personal service scenarios, it provides a scenario application basis for interactive expression, calculate the space complexity, space complexity and resource complexity, according to the complexity calculation results, carry out interaction design from three aspects of visual elements, multimedia elements, and human-computer interaction elements, integrate the topology structure after the interaction is realized, and in the network topology structure. The proposed model consists mainly of visual design, basic design elements, basic visual design, complete design and solution generation. It realizes the expression of interactive art of multimedia elements in display and control. The experimental results show that the interactive element extraction speed of the visual communication expression method based on artificial intelligence technology is increased by 30%, and the flexibility is stronger.

Network modeling of aesthetic effect for Chinese Yue Opera costume simulation images

Abstract In the digital age, virtual simulation images have become an important communication form of Chinese traditional Yue Opera costumes and their culture. Focusing on the lay viewers’ aesthetic experience, we collected 16 subjective evaluations, including favorites of basic design elements, semantic impressions, and high-level aesthetic experience, of 257 participants on 5 virtual simulation pictures of Yue Opera costumes for different characters and used network analysis to explore the possible relationship of the variables. The inferred networks showed that the archetypal aesthetic was more relevant to the costume design elements, emotions, interests, and the sense of high level. The conspicuous clothing, understanding of creative intent, and the desire for cultural knowledge were key “bridges” in the aesthetic process. Although the aesthetic network of each costume varied partially based on character differences, it showed more similarities overall. On the basis of the findings, we discuss the possible theoretical basis of the networks and make practical suggestions for the virtual dissemination of Yue Opera costumes.

Acoustically rated fenestration products

If noise is the enemy, then windows, doors, and other fenestration systems form a front-line of defense in preserving the peace. Starting with basic design elements and the material components of products manufactured to achieve an elevated level of attenuation, we will explore what it takes to reach even higher, especially as acoustic performance moves beyond simple punched openings to storefronts, curtain walls, and other specialty installations. We will see that certified test reports are something every bona fide product manufacturer should have for documentation. In summary, this presentation will explore a check list that acoustic professionals should consider for any project where noise attenuation is a primary performance objective.

Research on the application of multi-feature fusion in ceramic art design

Abstract In this paper, median filtering and linear stretching are used to preprocess the classified ceramic images, respectively, and the LoG operator is utilized to detect the edges of ceramic photos. Combining the Hough transform and TMOAA algorithm to measure the edge length, thickness, and diagonal dimension of ceramics to obtain the basic elements of ceramic art design. The FAST algorithm is used to make up for the shortcomings of the SIFT algorithm in real-time, to extract the features of the overall image of ceramics and the vessel image, and then combined with the thinking framework of ceramic art design to generate the best conceptual model of ceramic art design. Extract and detect the ceramic vessel image and carry out similarity rate calculation, quantify the enamel color characteristics to generate a color design scheme, calculate the color difference value, and evaluate the aesthetic value of ceramic art design works from the perspective of ceramic art design aesthetics. Porcelain enamel color difference ΔE = 2.0369, ΔE ≤ 5.00~6.00, in line with the color quality standards, indicating that the color design scheme generated based on the color semantic elements has a certain applicability. Evaluating the best conceptual model of ceramic art design by aesthetic standards, the works generated based on the seven ceramic patterns have different aesthetic values and different forms, which meet the various demands for ceramic artworks nowadays.

A Workshop Example of Basic Design Education in Interior Architecture

The “Basic Design” is one of the common introductory courses in design disciplines. It has great importance in interior architecture education as it forms the basis of design practice. Education that proceeds through abstract concepts creates difficulties for students to internalize this course. To avoid these difficulties, learning by doing is of great importance. The learning-by-doing approach was carried out in the form of a workshop within the scope of the “Basic Design 1” course of the Department of Interior Architecture at Konya Technical University in the fall semester of the 2022-2023 academic year. Students were asked to produce three-dimensional designs using basic design principles and elements. The class was divided into groups of eight people and studies were carried out with a workshop coordinator in each group. The duration of the workshop was planned as four weeks. During the workshop, students learned to use materials and colors, to design an original composition. At the end of the workshop, students learned to embody the abstract concepts they learned during the year by creating a composition that considers functionality and aesthetics. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the workshop, a survey study was carried out after the course period ended. As a result, it has been seen that the intelligibility of Basic Design 1, which is a course taught through abstract concepts, has increased thanks to the workshop.

EXPLORING THE DEPTH OF ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF VISUAL DESIGN

This research paper explains the fundamental and basic elements and principles of visual design, which plays crucial/important role in creating the best and aesthetically pleasing, visually appealing designs and compositions. This paper tells us about the important understanding the basic design elements, which is line, colour, shapes, textures and value. How we can easily make a design by using these elements and principles, their significance in designs. Also, how elements can be used in principles, there relationships. Principles like harmony, unity, proportion, balance, rhythm, and repetition etc., their role, importance in creating visual designs pleasing and eye-catching. This paper provides insights into how different artists, designers have use these elements and principles of design in their work, projects, along with the cultural and historical contexts that have influenced their design choices. Overall, the paper emphasizes the significance of these design principles, and how they can be used to create meaningful, impact and memorable works of art and design.

Spatial Organization Approaches at the First-Year Design Studio

The space, that the raw material of design studio contents in disciplines related to spatial design, is a delimited space in the simplest terms. The totality of relations created in this delimited volume is associated with certain organizational form, such as central, linear, clustered, gridal and radial. This study aimed to investigate those organizational forms based on student process outputs of 17 students, completed the Design Studio-I course during the 2022-2023 Fall Semester at the Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design at Fenerbahce University. Also it is aimed to created a space fiction by using basic design elements and to reveal student approaches in this process. The study was designed with qualitative research method and content analysis was used as the data collection technique. In this direction, the process stages and outputs performed by the students for the given problem in the studio environments were analyzed. As a result of the analyzes, the form analysis of the two-dimensional photo frames by using the design elements and the transformation process of this analysis into the space organization has been revealed. Thus, an application for the way of benefiting from design elements in the process of space organization has been showed.

Малогабаритный лазерно-волоконный флуориметр ик-спектрального диапазона для люминесцентной фотодиагностики опухолей

The results of the development of a small-sized laser fiber fluorimeter in the IR spectral range for a luminescent photodiagnostics of superficial localization tumors are presented. This device, working in conjunction with the “Fluroscan” type pharmaceutical composition based on the 2,4-di(α-methoxyethyl)deuteroporphyrin IX ytterbium complex dipotassium salt, ensures the achievement of high values of the luminescent diagnostic contrast index for a neoplasm/normal tissue. Import substitution of some basic design elements of the developed device, in particular the photodiode module, was carried out with a domestic analogue.

Application of Materials for Laundry Room Needs in Residential Houses

In residential needs, the laundry room has an essential role, because washing and drying activities cannot be separated from household chores. The modern interior design concept of a laundry room aims to get a comfortable atmosphere for user needs. The interior atmosphere can be formed through the basic design elements consisting of lines, shapes, fields (color and texture), and light spaces. Interior room elements are formed by several two-dimensional fields, namely floors, walls, ceilings and door and window.
 In interior design, a project must be described broadly from the selection of floor, wall and ceiling materials, to cabinet furniture upholstery and other materials used to meet the functional, durability and aesthetic requirements of the room.
 These materials are often chosen based on aesthetic quality and price with many choices, and the durability of interior finishing is also a major consideration for interior designers. Floors, walls and ceilings must be durable, i.e. able to withstand wear, pressure, and damage, both structurally and in terms of quality, as well as wooden tables and joints, which must be able to withstand wear and tear tests and time.

The flexible space of public art creates multiple languages of Central Line, shape and color

This paper constructs a flexible space by using three basic design elements: line, shape and color, and creates a flexible space through flexible materials and fiber art. The coordination design of lines, forms and colors of works is worthy of in-depth exploration, because it is related to the design effect of works, and has a great impact on the functions and aesthetic characteristics of works. As for the relationship among line, shape and color, we should treat them dialectically. They can exist alone as a design element, but together they will achieve a more complementary effect. In the construction of flexible space, we should seek a comfortable space expression, increase vitality and attraction, and realize harmonious development. When the flexible space is combined with human activities, the activity place can be formed. When considering flexible space, a residence space with centripetal force and cohesion shall be provided. Most importantly, these spaces should be closely linked and interdependent with human daily activities. Only in this way can the flexible space have vitality and humanization. Flexible space meets people's diverse needs, perhaps short-term rest, or long-term leisure, etc. it is precisely because we carry out these activities in the city that we shorten the distance between the city and people. We will not just "stay" in the city, but feel the familiarity brought by the flexible space to the city.

Basic design course through art-based research in interior architecture education

This article presents the basic design course applications based on the design education of first-year interior architecture students. This study aims to emphasize the importance of education in the design-oriented thinking process with practice through the content of the basic design course. Within the scope of the study, art-based research in interior architecture education was carried out and the intersections of its results are described. In the studio, basic design elements and principles were conveyed with the techniques commonly taught in schools and architectural movements were given to students as term papers for research. The study directs the student to create 2D and 3D compositions by combining the studies he/she has done during the term and the research assignment. The findings show that students can reflect on their research on architectural movements to new three-dimensional abstract spaces by combining them with basic design education. While grounding this reflection, design process of the students is based on form and elements without color. The results also show a significant correlation between students’ practices and Gestalt Principles. This article emphasizes the importance of applying basic elements and principles of design and being integrated with field-specific studies to achieve better results in design education. This study is an experimental and original studio product. With the basic design education given only in the first semester, the students were given examples to determine and understand forms and approaches without color knowledge, especially through basic principles, using architectural movements instead of abstract expression.

PENERAPAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING DALAM MEMBUAT KOLASE PADA ELEMEN DASAR FASHION DESIGN

The Project Based Learning Learning Model is one model that can be applied in making collages on the Basic Elements of Fashion Design. This learning model has great potential to make students work collaboratively in producing work according to the demands of the independent curriculum. The population of this study was students at SMK Dharma Wanita Gresik, Fashion Design Skills. The purpose of this research is to find out how to apply the Project Based Learning learning model to the Basic Elements of Fashion Design in making collages, to find out the results of learning to make collages after applying the Project Based Learning learning model, to find out the level of collaboration of students in making collages through the Project Based Learning learning model. The research was carried out by observing the application of the Project Based Learning learning model, the collaborative level of students, and the assessment of learning outcomes. The application of Project Based Learning and the collaborative behavior of students was assessed by 3 observers through observations during the learning process while learning outcomes were obtained from the assessment of collage products. Data from the application of Project Based Learning gets an average score of 93.45% with very good quality, the collaborative level gets an average score of 93.05% with very good quality, and learning outcomes to make collages get an average score of 88.4. With the application of the Project Based Learning learning model in making collages, it shows that learning can be carried out at a very good collaborative level and learning outcomes achieve a minimum completeness criterion value.

AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON UPCYCLING OF WASTE PLASTIC BAGS IN WEAVING DESIGN

Today, humanity is faced with plastic bag wastes caused by industrial applications and unconscious use that have become widespread over the last century. These bags, which have become a global problem, negatively affect the environment and human health with the chemicals in their structure. In addition, since plastic bags do not have to be upcycled and are considered as garbage, they are mostly not upcycled. However, today's environmental conditions necessitate upcycling for sustainable life. In this context, it is aimed to use the waste plastic bags directly through woven design, and to use the resulting textural product as a textile surface and dividing element in interiors. In this respect, after the literature review, experimental surface research was carried out with plastic bags on the traditional vertical weaving loom in the weaving process and the ones with high texture effects were selected and woven in large sizes. The concept of texture, which is one of the basic elements of design, is directly related to weaving. Even if the eyes are closed, objects can be distinguished by touch and therefore affect the person sensually and emotionally. In this regard, in order for the plastic bag texture to be in the foreground, the number of warp was drawn infrequently and plastic bags cut into strips were used in the weft insertion. The plastic bag is enriched in textural terms by combining materials such as paper and copper wire from time to time to ensure aesthetic integrity. While it is thought that this experimental study for the upcycling of plastic bags can reduce the pollution caused by the bags to a certain extent, it is hoped that new ideas about upcycling will cause an environmental awareness in the society

A critical analysis of neuro-oncology clinical trials.

Limitations in trial design, accrual, and data reporting impact efficient and reliable drug evaluation in cancer clinical trials. These concerns have been recognized in neuro-oncology but have not been comprehensively evaluated. We conducted a semi-automated survey of adult interventional neuro-oncology trials, examining design, interventions, outcomes, and data availability trends. Trials were selected programmatically from ClinicalTrials.gov using primary malignant central nervous system tumor classification terms. Regression analyses assessed design and accrual trends; effect size analysis utilized survival rates among trials investigating survival. Of 3038 reviewed trials, most trials reporting relevant information were nonblinded (92%), single group (65%), nonrandomized (51%), and studied glioblastomas (47%) or other gliomas. Basic design elements were reported by most trials, with reporting increasing over time (OR = 1.24, P < .00001). Trials assessing survival outcomes were estimated to assume large effect sizes of interventions when powering their designs. Forty-two percent of trials were completed; of these, 38% failed to meet their enrollment target, with worse accrual over time (R = -0.94, P < .00001) and for US versus non-US based trials (OR = 0.5, P < .00001). Twenty-eight percent of completed trials reported partial results, with greater reporting for US (34.6%) versus non-US based trials (9.3%, P < .00001). Efficacy signals were detected by 15%-23% of completed trials reporting survival outcomes. Low randomization rates, underutilization of controls, and overestimation of effect size, particularly pronounced in early-phase trials, impede generalizability of results. Suboptimal designs may be driven by accrual challenges, underscoring the need for cooperative efforts and novel designs. The limited results reporting highlights the need to incentivize data reporting and harmonization.

Development of a Fuzzy Model and Usability Test of a Recommended Interface Design for Mobile Phones for Elderly Users

Although mobile phone application developers aim to design software to be user-friendly, elderly users report having problems with flexible user interfaces. The purpose of this study was to examine a range of flexible user interface designs for mobile phones with the aim of locating and addressing the limitations reported by elderly users. Accordingly, a fuzzy model drawing on a range of variables was developed from an age/vision impaired related data set for the development of a variety of basic design elements for user interfaces. The model was tested to assess the preciseness and accuracy of its functions, achieving a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) close to 0 and an Effectiveness Index (EI) close to 1, giving the model a high value for effectiveness. A subsequent usability test of the generated design interfaces using four types of mobile phones (18 screens in all) was conducted among 25 elderly users with vision impairment. The findings showed that the size and shape of both numeric and function buttons was a significant factor in assessing phone usability both for communication and for social media use, as was text and number size, although, significantly, the latter was qualified by screen size. Recommended numeric and dial function button sizes are 15.6mm and 16.2 mm, respectively. Likewise, recommended text and numbers sizes are 14 and 25 points, respectively. Furthermore, square-shaped buttons with rounded-edge buttons are the most suitable for elderly users, as is a background in a light shade, with texts and icons in dark colors. The model demonstrates that it is possible to design user interfaces with particular groups in mind such as the elderly and vision-impaired, in order to enhance mobile phone usability for these groups.

Green space settlement landscape optimization strategy under the concept of ecological environment restoration

This article focuses on the urban development strategy and urban overall planning under the concept of ecological environment restoration, and determines planning guidance, planning principles, and planning goals. First of all, the urban green space settlement landscape design based on the ecological concept is jointly carried out from the three aspects of natural landscape, artificial landscape and human landscape. Secondly, in the research on the structural characteristics of urban green space and its temporal and spatial evolution, based on the four phases of remote sensing images, the application of remote sensing and GIS and other spatial information technologies, with the assistance of basic data and sample plot surveys, has achieved a survey. Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the evolution of the quantity structure of urban green space, the evolution of vegetation coverage, and the evolution of vegetation structure are given. The results of the experiment found that the total area of urban green space has shrunk during the study period. Through summarizing and summarizing, the basic design process and elements are derived: the natural landscape emphasizes its ecological diversity from the green space settlement landscape form, slope protection, topography and planting design. In summary, the green space settlement landscape design of natural landscape, artificial landscape, and human landscape is more scientific and complete. Based on the analysis and evaluation of the natural conditions, social economy, urban nature and development planning, the current situation of the urban water system and other background data in the planned area, with the theoretical guidance of landscape ecology and environmental behavior, the case study combines the landscape ecology. The restoration design is used to test the application methods of ecological landscape restoration.

Information Volume Threshold for Graphical Variable Message Signs Based on Drivers’ Visual Cognition Behavior

Variable message signs (VMS) are widely employed to offer drivers dynamic traffic information. However, it is still lacking practical guidance about the information volume displayed on a graphical VMS. Building on the result of the subjective questionnaire survey, a static cognitive experiment was conducted to analyze the influence of volume information (i.e., elements and displaying the number of roads) of graphical VMS on drivers’ visual cognition characteristics and then determine the threshold number of roads displayed on VMS. Forty-five drivers participated in the static cognitive experiment. Five indicators, including visual cognition time, cognition accuracy, comprehension accuracy, general assessment, and information acceptance, were used to estimate the influences of graphical VMS. Study results by descriptive statistics and statistical hypothesis testing indicated that drivers also preferred auxiliary elements (i.e., distance or time information) besides basic design elements (i.e., driving direction, current position, and road name) displayed on graphical VMS. With the increase in information volume, driver visual cognition time increased while other companion indexes (i.e., visual cognition accuracy and comprehension accuracy) generally worsened. Combining the data of drivers’ objective behavior and subjective scoring, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method revealed that the number of roads shown on the graphical VMS should be no greater than five. The study results were verified by dynamic simulation experiments. This finding provides a supplement for the design standards and usage specifications for VMS.

Designing pain visualisation for caregivers of people with special needs: A co-creation approach

Recognizing pain in people with communicative disabilities is challenging. A support system detecting pain signals provides caregivers with information to intervene adequately. This study aims to develop a design for a user interface visualizing pain experiences for a signalling system intended for caregivers. Caregivers receive alerts, indicating the presence or absence of pain experienced by a disabled individual. The design process included the use of value proposition, a brainstorm, a mood board with basic design elements, and multiple questionnaires and focus groups. During the multi-disciplinary design process end-users were extensively involved. The final design was deemed intuitive, clear and recognizable, and useable in daily caregiving. This article describes the creation process for a non-hedonistic visualization for this niche end-user group.

CREATING ROOFS WITH THE HELP OF THE CONCEPTUAL MODELING IN REVIT

In the article is considered various variants of creating roof (one from basic elements of architectural design) with the help of conceptual forms in graphic programme Autodesk Revit