Basic Classes Research Articles

Akustyka, mimetyka, estetyka, artykulacja: Grecy o głoskach języka

The paper contains a thorough examination of the criteria used by the ancient Greeks for defining, describing and classifying the phones of the language. References are made to works by Plato and Aristotle, as well as to the text of the Techne grammatike attributed to Dionysius Thrax. In the dialogues of Plato, and especially in the Cratylus, one can find the first categorical characteristics of different groups of phones, formulated in acoustic terms, as well as individual descriptions of the mimetic qualities of particular phones, based on either sound effects or articulatory features. In Poetics, Aristotle defined the phone as such, connecting it with the notion of voice characterized by indivisibility, ability to create a complex voice (i.e. a word) and exclusively human origin. In setting out three main classes of phones, he based their definitional criteria on their articulatory features (the contact of speech organs or lack of it) on the one hand, and on their phonetic and acoustic properties (audible voice), i.e. on sound distinctness manifesting itself in acoustic autonomy on the other. In the Techne grammatike, in turn, particular classes of phones were identified and defined by formulating the conditions in which they produce voice characterized by a definite – high or law – aesthetic value. Despite the absence of an articulatory criterion, Greek grammarians succeeded in distinguishing all basic classes of phones, although they constantly looked at phones through the prism of letters, which led to them confusing the phonetic level with the graphic one, and thus made it impossible to create a conceptual and terminological apparatus which would be the means appropriate for identifying and describing correctly the whole stock of Greek phones.

3 in 1 Effect When Using Adventure Based Learning Approach in Basic Statistics Class

3 in 1 Effect When Using Adventure Based Learning Approach in Basic Statistics Class

Cooperation in two-player social dilemmas with other-regarding orientations

We present a unified description of the influence of other-regarding orientations (ORO) on the evolution of cooperation and social tensions in all basic classes of two-person social dilemmas. We provide analytical conditions for which two types of ORO, the minimum payoff orientation and the total payoff orientation lead to full cooperation between players. It turns out that in many popular social dilemmas both types of ORO are necessary to promote cooperation, and the minimum payoff orientation may have advantage over the total payoff orientation. Moreover, ORO can be more effective in fostering cooperation in more challenging social dilemmas. For the dilemma games for which the initial and modified through ORO payoff matrices have mixed Nash equilibria we prove that ORO fosters cooperation. Once a real life situation is identified as a particular type of social dilemma in which the pro-social behavior is determined by material payoffs, our results determine the choice of the type and of the intensity of ORO necessary to foster cooperation and to erase social tensions between players.

Fatigue Verification Concept for Details containing Weld Imperfections

AbstractSteel structures subjected to repeated stress variations must be verified against fatigue in accordance with EN 1993‐1‐9 on the basis of a detail catalog. As one major concern, the background of the detail classification in terms of an extensive database does not provide information on the considered quality of welds. Certain weld imperfections are present in every construction. However, the extent of imperfection sizes that can be tolerated to provide sufficient fatigue resistance has not yet been scientifically determined.On an experimental and numerical basis, the presented concept allows the quantitative connection of fatigue classes with sizes of weld imperfections. For the two representative details of the load‐carrying‐cruciform joint and the non‐load‐carrying transverse stiffener, basic fatigue classes without explicit imperfections are calculated first. Furthermore, stress increase factors were determined that indicate the decrease in fatigue strength for weld imperfections of different type and size.A combination model is used to determine the fatigue strength of a detail with multiple weld imperfections. Using a simple formula and reading fatigue classes and reduction factors in tables, the fatigue strength of an imperfect detail can be easily determined.

Stationary observers in Kerr-de Sitter spacetimes

In this paper, we present a study of basic classes of stationary observers orbiting in stationary and axially symmetric Kerr-de Sitter spacetimes. Along with proper definitions of these classes, we focus on their possible matching on particular circular orbits. Especially, we determine a number of such orbits in a given spacetime characterized by its rotational and cosmological parameters that leads to a comprehensive classification of the Kerr-de Sitter spacetimes. Studied profiles of orbital velocities of the observers and of forces keeping them on their orbits directly reflect complex structure of the Kerr-de Sitter spacetimes that is caused by a unique interplay of attraction and rotation of a central object and an ambient cosmic repulsion.

Analysis of Retrospective Laboratory Data on the Burden of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated at the National Veterinary Research Institute Nigeria, 2018-2021.

Farm animals harbour bacterial pathogens, which are often viewed as important indicators of animal health and determinants of food safety. To better understand the prevalence and inform treatment, we audited laboratory data at the Bacteriology Laboratory of the NVRI from 2018-2021. Antibiotics were classified into seven basic classes: quinolones, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, nitrofuran, and cephalosporins. Trends were analysed using a generalised linear model with a log link function for the Poisson distribution, comparing proportions between years with an offset to account for the variability in the total number of organisms per year. Avian (73.18%) samples were higher than any other sample. The major isolates identified were Escherichia. coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. We found that antimicrobial resistance to baseline antibiotics increased over the years. Of particular concern was the increasing resistance of Klebsiella spp. to cephalosporins, an important second-generation antibiotic. This finding underscores the importance of farm animals as reservoirs of pathogens harbouring antimicrobial resistance. Effective biosecurity, surveillance, and frugal use of antibiotics in farms are needed because the health of humans and animals is intricately connected.

PENGEMBANGAN E-MODUL PEMBELAJARAN TEKNIK INSTALASI TENAGA LISTRIK BERBASIS ANDROID DI SMK MEDAN

Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the process of making a good e-module, the feasibility of learning e-modules and the effectiveness of android-based learning e-modules in terms of student learning outcomes. This research was carried out on class X students of Electrical Power Installation Engineering at SMK Negeri 14 Medan in the odd semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. This research is a type of Research and Development (R&D) research using the ADDIE development model. The results of this study show that learning e-modules are very feasible to be used in learning. The results of the Indepentend sample t test analysis showed the results of t count ˃ ttable which is 7,392 > 2,048 and sig. (2-tailed) < 0.05 & 0.000 < 0.05, then the H a hypothesis is acceptable. Thus, it can be concluded that learning using android-based learning E-module is effective on student learning outcomes in the subject of basic electromechanical work class X Electrical Power Installation Engineering SMK Negeri 14 Medan.. Key Words: E-module Learning, Feasibility, Effectiveness, Basic Electromechanical Work AbstrakThe purpose of this study is to determine the process of making a good e-module, the feasibility of learning e-modules and the effectiveness of android-based learning e-modules in terms of student learning outcomes. This research was carried out on class X students of Electrical Power Installation Engineering at SMK Negeri 14 Medan in the odd semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. This research is a type of Research and Development (R&D) research using the ADDIE development model. The results of this study show that learning e-modules are very feasible to be used in learning. The results of the Indepentend sample t test analysis showed the results of t count ˃ ttable which is 7,392 > 2,048 and sig. (2-tailed) < 0.05 & 0.000 < 0.05, then the H a hypothesis is acceptable. Thus, it can be concluded that learning using android-based learning E-module is effective on student learning outcomes in the subject of basic electromechanical work class X Electrical Power Installation Engineering SMK Negeri 14 Medan. Kata Kunci: E-modul Pembelajaran, Kelayakan, Efektivitas, Pekerjaan Dasar Elektromekanik

Are Students Coming to Class Prepared? The Importance of Pre-Class Learning in a Flipped Classroom

ABSTRACT Despite extensive calls for the use of flipped classrooms in accounting, prior research has given little attention to the role of pre-class learning. Effective pre-class learning is essential to ensuring students still learn the basic class content that has been removed from a classroom to free up time for more active learning activities. If pre-class learning is not achieved, the value of the flipped classroom strategy is diminished. Through a review of existing literature, we provide accounting educators with a practical design guide for effectively implementing best-practices pre-class work in flipped classrooms. This article provides resources, design recommendations, and examples of flipped classroom implementation in an accounting education setting to foster more effective pre-class learning. We conclude with a call for research on various aspects of the flipped classroom in accounting education.

A comparative study on different neural network architectures to model inelasticity

AbstractThe mathematical formulation of constitutive models to describe the path‐dependent, that is, inelastic, behavior of materials is a challenging task and has been a focus in mechanics research for several decades. There have been increased efforts to facilitate or automate this task through data‐driven techniques, impelled in particular by the recent revival of neural networks (NNs) in computational mechanics. However, it seems questionable to simply not consider fundamental findings of constitutive modeling originating from the last decades research within NN‐based approaches. Herein, we propose a comparative study on different feedforward and recurrent neural network architectures to model 1D small strain inelasticity. Within this study, we divide the models into three basic classes: black box NNs, NNs enforcing physics in a weak form, and NNs enforcing physics in a strong form. Thereby, the first class of networks can learn constitutive relations from data while the underlying physics are completely ignored, whereas the latter two are constructed such that they can account for fundamental physics, where special attention is paid to the second law of thermodynamics in this work. Conventional linear and nonlinear viscoelastic as well as elastoplastic models are used for training data generation and, later on, as reference. After training with random walk time sequences containing information on stress, strain, and—for some models—internal variables, the NN‐based models are compared to the reference solution, whereby interpolation and extrapolation are considered. Besides the quality of the stress prediction, the related free energy and dissipation rate are analyzed to evaluate the models. Overall, the presented study enables a clear recording of the advantages and disadvantages of different NN architectures to model inelasticity and gives guidance on how to train and apply these models.

결혼이주여성의 온라인 생활문화 쓰기 수업 사례 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to perform a case study of real-time online writing class for female immigrants through marriage in order to investigate the class patterns from the female immigrants perspective and to examine their cultural understanding and response by exploring the characteristics of online writing class on the topics of life and culture.
 Methods As research participants, 11 female immigrants through marriage who had been taking the basic Korean language class at ** Multicultural Family Support Center in Gyeonggi-do were recruited. After 14 sessions of class, in-depth interviews were conducted based on a semi-structured questionnaire, and the data were analyzed with an analytic induction method.
 Results First, the advantages of the real-time online writing class for female immigrants through marriage included location flexibility, time saving, and learning and taking care of children at the same time. On the other hand, difficulty in asking questions and keeping focused was answered as a disadvantage. Second, as for the characteristics of the real-time online class with the topics of life and culture, it provided grammatical knowledge using familiar topics of life and culture. Learning about life and culture in neighboring countries and gaining knowledge on a range of cultures piqued the students’ intellectual curiosity. Third, for the understanding of culture in the research subjects, they took a flexible attitude toward culture in the process of actively researching and sharing data from outside textbooks by thinking outside the standard ideas of other cultures. They showed a difference in the level of language proficiency and understanding of culture. Due to the limitations of the virtual platform, however, the direct experience was not available for the students.
 Conclusions In the real-time online writing class, life and culture topics were familiar to the female immigrants. Therefore, a range of grammatical and linguistic applications was provided, and at the same time, the students were able to broaden their understanding of multicultural culture.

The Effectiveness of Using the Internet of Things in Developing Scientific Concepts for the Sixth Basic Grade Students in Mathematics and their Attitudes Towards the Internet of Things

This study aimed to show the effect of using the internet of things (IoT) in developing scientific concepts for sixth grade in basic mathematics and their attitudes towards the internet of things. the study sample consisted of (60) male and female students from the sixth basic class in Mayar international schools of the Directorate of Special Education in the Capital Governorate in Jordan, during the second semester of the academic year 2019/2020. Two classes were chosen and randomly divided into two groups, one experimental consisting of (30) male and female students who studied using the internet of things, and the other consisted of (30) male and female students studied in the traditional method. To achieve the objective of the study, the internet of things application was prepared, and the development of scientific concepts was tested. The results of the study indicated the presence of statistically significant differences between the mean of students ’scores at the level of significance (α = 0.05) in the experimental and control groups in the post-test and in favor of the experimental group, while the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences due to the difference in gender, and also showed that there was a difference statistically significant between the pre- and post-tests at the significance level (α = 0.05). The differences came in favor of the post-test for the experimental group students. The study recommended that attention be paid to providing internet applications of things in teaching various subjects, in the basic stage.

On the Effect of Emotion Identification from Limited Translated Text Samples Using Computational Intelligence

Emotion identification from text data has recently gained focus of the research community. This has multiple utilities in an assortment of domains. Many times, the original text is written in a different language and the end-user translates it to her native language using online utilities. Therefore, this paper presents a framework to detect emotions on translated text data in four different languages. The source language is English, whereas the four target languages include Chinese, French, German, and Spanish. Computational intelligence (CI) techniques are applied to extract features, dimensionality reduction, and classification of data into five basic classes of emotions. Results show that when English text is translated to French, classification accuracy is higher than others, i.e., 99.04%. Whereas, when the same is translated to Chinese language, its detection rate is lowest among target languages. It is concluded that emotions remain preserved after translation to some extent. Framework consists of TFIDF features. PCA and Discriminant Analysis perform good to detect emotions from translated data.

An assessment of the Ethiopian national rural land administration information system conceptual model using LADM as a reference

The Land Administration and Use Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture in Ethiopia designed a National Rural Land Administration Information System (NRLAIS). Its purpose was to align with the development of international standards in the land administration domain, specifically the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), and to ensure the security of cadastral data. The findings revealed the necessity of designing the conceptual model and comparing NRLAIS classes with the LADM basic classes accepted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 19152). Though the comparison showed compatibility between the two, some differences are observed in classes and attributes between the LADM and the NRLAIS. Gaps were identified on recording types of rights, restrictions, responsibilities and land legislation gaps. This study highlights the importance of adopting the LADM to restructure the NRLAIS conceptual model and reconsider the missing components to enhance the conceptual model and management of rights, restrictions, and responsibilities.

The Challenges of Science Teachers Adapting Hyflex modality: A Phenomenological Study

The Covid-19 pandemic greatly affected and changed the teaching and learning process in the education sectors. Higher education and basic education limit in-person classes to avoid the spread of the virus. In response to this, the Department of Education (DepEd) established different distance learning modalities to assure continuity of learning in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. In the study’s locale, in-person classes were discontinued and for the last 2 years, online learning was implemented. For the School year 2022-2023, the school administration piloted a new learning modality, which is the Hyflex mode of learning. In this modality, students can attend and participate in class sessions either in a regular classroom or online. The study’s objective is to provide pertinent data for a better comprehension of the many difficulties that science teachers face while implementing the Hyflex modality. The study utilized a phenomenological design with in-depth interviews and survey questionnaires as data-gathering techniques. There were 4 essential themes generated based on the experience of science teachers. As a result, this study suggests revisiting the procedures in adapting the Hyflex modality, including the proper training for the teachers in troubleshooting problems with regards to the use of the devices that are prerequisites on the said modality. Keywords: Challenges, ECQ, Hyflex, in-person class, phenomenology

Four-dimensional Riemannian product manifolds with circulant structures

"A 4-dimensional Riemannian manifold equipped with an additional tensor structure, whose fourth power is the identity, is considered. This structure has a circulant matrix with respect to some basis, i.e. the structure is circulant, and it acts as an isometry with respect to the metric. The Riemannian product manifold associated with the considered manifold is studied. Conditions for the metric, which imply that the Riemannian product manifold belongs to each of the basic classes of Staikova-Gribachev's classi cation, are obtained. Examples of such manifolds are given."

CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE METHODS OF CALCULATING THE STABILITY OF SLOPES

Purpose. In many cases, during engineering calculations and design, it is necessary to assess the stability of the built-up area, especially located near slopes. To carry out a critical review of methods for calculating the stability of landslide-prone slopes. Methodology. Variants of methods for calculating the stability of slopes by different authors have been considered. There are many methods for calculating the stability of slopes, all of them are reduced to three basic classes of methods: limit equilibrium methods; finite element method; combined methods. During stability testing, the most common engineering methods are based on force diagrams of the balance of soil massifs. One of the most important issues in the calculation of stability is the correct choice of the surface on which the displacement of the soil is possible. Findings. The choice of certain methods is primarily determined by the type of shearing process and the mechanism of possible displacement of shearing masses. Each original method of calculation is characterized by its original system, obtained in this method using one or another assumption, the necessity of which is related to the static uncertainty of the task. Originality. Formulas for determining the factor of slope resistance are given for practical use. The analysis of the stability of the landslide slope with the involvement of calculation methods is performed as a component of a comprehensive engineering and geological assessment and forecast of the stability of the landslide slope in natural conditions and considering its intended use. Practical value. In project practice, engineering methods for calculating slope stability are used, which contain various simplifying assumptions. The most common of them is the method of round-cylindrical sliding surfaces, which belongs to the planar problem scheme. Determination of the stability factor is a necessary condition for concluding that the slopes can be used for construction.

Global Stabilizability Theorems on Discrete-Time Nonlinear Uncertain Systems

This paper focuses on the a basic class of discrete-time nonlinear systems with multiple unknown parameters. We claim that such a system is stabilizable if its nonlinear growth rate is dominated by a polynomial rule. This rule cannot be relaxed in general since it becomes a necessary and sufficient condition when the system has a polynomial form [10]. We further prove that the concerned stabilizable system is possible to grow exponentially fast. Meanwhile, optimality and closed-loop identification are also discussed herein.

Exploring Students’ Attribution: Why Did Students Fail in Their Online Basic Grammar Class?

Grammar is one of the crucial components that must be mastered by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students when they want to learn English. Undoubtedly, many students think grammar is quite challenging to understand and master. In an English Language Education Program at a private university in Central Java, Indonesia, many EFL students failed their Basic Grammar classes. Therefore, this study aims to explore the EFL students’ attributions or reasons for their failure in their Basic Grammar class. The data were gathered through a semi-structured interview with five EFL students who failed their Basic Grammar class. My preliminary results indicate some factors that cause them to fail in their Basic Grammar classes, such as the lack of knowledge, internet connection, and students’ factors. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

교수역량 자가진단도구 개발 및 타당화

Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop a self-assessment tool that could set related components and measure them in order to measure teaching competency. Methods In order to develop a self-assessment tool for teaching competency, related preceding studies were reviewed, and based on this, components of teaching competency were extracted. In addition, preliminary questions were formed and 53 questions were formed through expert review and preliminary investigation. Based on the data collected in the main survey, an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to develop a self-assessment tool for teaching competency. Finally, the reliability and validity of the developed self-assessment tool for teaching competency were verified. Results As a result of this study, the validity and reliability of the three teaching competencies (basic competencies, teaching competencies, and class management competencies) were verified. The suitability of the model was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. Accordingly, the teaching competency self-assessment tool consists of 6 questions for basic competency (understanding of school education, attitude as an educator), 25 questions for class competency (class design, teaching and learning execution, interaction with students), and class management competency (learning evaluation, class improvement). , learning counseling) consisted of 17 questions. Accordingly, the teaching competency was developed with a total of 48 items. As a result of examining the reliability of the finally developed item, Cronbach a .964 was found to be good. Conclusions The results of this study are significant in that they developed a self-assessment tool that can measure them based on the constituent factors of teaching competency. Through the teaching competency self-assessment tool, instructors can understand their own strengths and weaknesses and help them select teaching support programs suitable for their capabilities. In addition, university institutions such as the Teaching and Learning Center can use it as basic data to design and operate teaching programs based on the analysis of instructors' teaching capabilities.

CAMPUR KODE DAN ALIH KODE PADA PEMBELAJARAN BASIC ENGLISH BAGI MAHASISWA/I DI LABUAN BAJO

This research aims to describe the application of code-mixing and code-switching as one of English learning methods in Politeknik eLBajo Commodus, particularly in Basic English Class. The method of this research is field observation during the time of Basic English. Several example speeches which contain code-mixing and code-switching during the class are used as the data. The data is then analyzed by the theory to find out the contexts and types of code-mixing and code-switching that happened in the Basic English Class. The result shows that code-mixing is used in some contexts, such as in welcome greeting, small talk before the class starts, to open the lecture, while giving the lecture, and interact with each other in the class. All those are outer code-mixing. As for code-switching, there are situational and metaphoris code-switching, and both in insertion and alternation. The code-switching is used when the students still use bahasa Indonesia more often. When there are students that do not understand the questions, and as a translation from bahasa Indonesia, if needed, code-switching is applied. This research shows that the code-mixing and code-switching can be used as English teaching method and the lecturer must control the use itself so that English is still being the main language in the English class.