Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma Research Articles

Outcome analysis of 215 patients with parotid gland tumors: a retrospective cohort analysis.

BackgroundTo identify prognostic factors in patients with parotid gland carcinomas who were treated at the Princess Margaret Hospital.MethodsClinical outcome of two hundred fifteen patients with malignancies of the parotid gland was evaluated over a 16-year period.ResultsTwo-hundred-fifteen patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 20), adenocarcinoma (n = 19), acinic cell carcinoma (n = 62), basal cell adenocarcinoma (n = 7), carcinoma-ex-pleomorphic adenoma (n = 18), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 70) and salivary duct carcinoma (n = 19) have been included. The 5- and 10-year overall and disease-free survivals were 80.62 %/69.48 % and 74.37 %/62.42 %, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that age greater than 60 years, advanced pN classification, histopathological grade and the presence of lymphovascular invasion significantly worsened overall and disease-free survival. Univariable analysis revealed periparotid lymph node involvement was associated with decreased overall (p < 0.0001) and disease-free survival (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn addition to age, pN classification, histopathological grade, perineural invasion, and lymphovascular involvement, periparotid lymph node metastasis appears to be an important prognosticator in parotid gland malignancy.

口蓋の小唾液腺に発生した基底細胞腺癌の1例

口蓋の小唾液腺に発生した基底細胞腺癌の1例

腹腔内転移で発見された唾液腺基底細胞腺癌の 1 例

腹腔内転移で発見された唾液腺基底細胞腺癌の 1 例

Basal Cell Adenoma of the Upper Lip

Abstract Basal cell adenoma is an uncommon type of monomorphous adenoma of the salivary gland. Its most frequent location is the parotid gland. Its recurrence rate and conversion to basal cell adenocarcinoma after inadequate surgical excision is high. We present a 68-year-old female patient with a basal cell adenoma of the upper lip arising from minor salivary gland.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary gingiva: A case report and review of the literature.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare, but distinct histologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region. It is considered to have a poor prognosis due to its aggressive behavior and tendency to metastasize. The usual sites of BSCC are the floor of the mouth, hypopharynx and base of the tongue, and according to the English-language literature its presentation in the gingiva is somewhat uncommon. In the current report, the unusual case of a 40-year-old male is presented; the patient exhibited a painless irregular mass in the maxillary gingiva, which infiltrated the maxillary sinus, as observed by computed tomography. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections revealed a diagnosis of BSCC with typical central necrosis in the cancer nests, which contained basaloid and squamous cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that p63 was weakly positive, high molecular weight cytokeratin (CK) was focally positive, and S-100, CK7, CK14 and vimentin were negative. It must be noted that histopathology results may be incorrectly interpreted as adenoid cystic carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma and basal cell adenocarcinoma.

Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Parotid and Its Simulating Differentials -A Case report

Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma (BCAC) is a rare tumour of the salivary glands which has recently been included in the World Health Organization classification. It is thought to be malignant counterpart of basal cell adenoma (BCA) from which it can only be distinguished on the basis of its infiltrative growth pattern and lymphovascular and perineural invasion. Other important tumours like adenoid cystic carcinoma etc also need to be kept in the differential diagnosis. Owing to its rarity, its resemblance to the benign BCA and the fact that it has to be differentiated from more aggressive tumours, it is important to identify and diagnose BCAC. We thus present a case of BCAC in parotid with a review of literature and a discussion of the important differential diagnoses.

Basal cell adenoma mimicking adenoid cystic carcinoma on FNAC- A Case Report

A 40-year-old-female presented with a right parotid swelling. It was diagnosed as adenoid cystic carcinoma on FNAC. On histopathology final diagnosis of basal cell adenoma was made. Basal cell adenoma is a rare and benign basaloid neoplasm of the salivary gland. The other basaloid neoplasms are pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, metastatic basal cell carcinoma, metastatic squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. Differentiating basaloid neoplasms on FNAC pose diagnostic difficulties. The goal is to discuss problems and pitfalls in FNAC diagnosis of basal cell adenoma and to emphasize on cautious approach while diagnosing basaloid neoplasm on cytology.

Basal cell adenocarcinoma of the upper lip: a case report

Basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC) is an extremely rare low grade, malignant salivary gland neoplasm, affecting minor salivary glands, comprising about 3% of all malignant salivary neoplasms. Very few cases of BCAC affecting the upper lip have been reported in the literature till date. We describe an usual case of BCAC affecting the upper lip in a 58-year-old woman. The present case reiterates the limitations of microscopic examination of an Incisional biopsy to distinguish BCAC from basal cell adenoma (BCA).

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Is Frequently Characterized by MYB Rearrangement and May Be Distinguished From Other Salivary Gland Neoplasms Using Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization: Non-Squamous Cell Malignancies of the Head and Neck (thyroid, skin cancers, salivary gland and sinus cancers)

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) represents approximately 10-15% of salivary gland malignancies and almost universally exhibits a lethal clinical course. ACC is composed of a dual cell population (ductal and myoepithelial cells) and may demonstrate tubular, cribriform, and/or solid architectural patterns. Unfortunately, these histopathologic features are not specific to ACC and can be seen in other salivary gland neoplasms: basal cell adenoma, basal cell adenocarcinoma, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, and adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS).

Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Sublingual Gland: A Case of an Inadequate FNA Cytology Specimen Rendering Conclusive Diagnosis Difficult

A history of a gradual increase in swelling mass was presented in the sublingual gland of a 72-year-old female. The inadequate cytologic specimens retrospectively contained some clusters of three-dimensional monomorphic and round basaloid cells having hyperchromatic small nuclei and scant cytoplasm, along with a small amount of spherical globules of amorphous material and myxoid stroma, adjacent to few squamous metaplastic tumor nests. We first interpreted it as a pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma (BCA), or adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). A tumor extirpation was performed, and gross examination revealed a non-capsulated and ill-defined tumor lesion, looking grayish to yellowish-white, focally associated with fat invasion. On microscopic examination, the tumor was predominantly composed of a proliferation of small to medium-sized mildly atypical epithelial cells having very rare mitoses, often arranged in a cribriform or alveolar growth pattern with peripheral nuclear palisading and scattered squamous differentiation, embedded in a prominent eosinophilic hyaline material. Therefore, we finally made a diagnosis of invasive basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC), defined as the malignant counterpart of benign BCA. We should be aware that owing to its characteristic features, cytopathologists might be able to determine correct diagnosis, based on multiple and adequate samplings.

Basal Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to Parotid Gland

Metastasis from basal cell carcinoma of the skin is very rare with cases being documented in the lymph nodes, lung, bone and parotid gland. The main histopathological differential diagnosis is the locally arising basal cell adenocarcinoma from which it is difficult to distinguish by morphology and routine immunohistochemistry. Approximately 85 % of all reported metastatic basal cell carcinomas arise in the head and neck region. Here we present a case of basal cell carcinoma of the skin of the left lateral canthus of the eye which metastasized to the intraparotid lymph nodes with infiltration of the adjacent parotid parenchyma. More awareness and vigilance is required on the part of the reporting pathologist to consider metastasis in the presence of a parotid tumour. Features favouring metastasis include history of primary cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, histological similarity to the primary lesion and absence of any demonstrable direct extension from the skin lesion. We also review the literature on metastatic basal cell carcinoma and discuss the need for adequate follow up in high risk patients.

Clinicopathologic Review of Epithelial Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland

To study the clinicopathologic features of epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland diagnosed at a tertiary care center in India during a 10-year period. Medical records of cases with histopathologically proven epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland were reviewed for demographic details and clinical features at the time of presentation. For histopathologic findings, slides with hemotoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the tumors were reviewed. Special stains, including histochemical and immunohistochemical stains, and additional sections were studied, whenever needed. Of 66 cases with epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland identified during the study period, 50 (76%) cases were benign and 16 (24%) cases were malignant tumors. Histopathologic examination was consistent with the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) in all 50 cases of benign tumors. The mean age at diagnosis in PA cases was 37.7 years. Microscopic examination of PA tumors showed cystic degeneration in 18 (36%) cases, squamous metaplasia in 16 (32%) cases, calcification in 6 (12%) cases, and ossification in 1 (2%) case. Among malignant tumors, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) was the most common tumor (n = 12, 18%), with an average age at diagnosis of 32.4 years. Microscopic examination of ACC revealed that most cases were grade I tumors. Solid areas were noted in 4 (33.3%) cases and perineural invasion was identified in 2 (16.7%) cases. Other malignant tumors included 1 case each of carcinoma ex-PA (1.5%), lacrimal duct carcinoma (1.5%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (1.5%), and basal cell adenocarcinoma (1.5%). As far as the authors are aware, this is the largest series on clinicopathologic features of epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland from South Asia. The incidence of PA was significantly higher in this study than reported in the Caucasian population. Among malignant tumors, ACCs were the most common, although rare tumors were also identified.

Basal cell adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland: a morphological and immunohistochemical comparison with basal cell adenoma with and without capsular invasion

BackgroundIt is often difficult to diagnose salivary gland tumors that exhibit basaloid features differentially. The aim of this study was to identify additional morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics that can aid the diagnosis of basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC) of the salivary gland.Methods and resultsIn total, 29 basal cell neoplasms [eight BCACs, 11 basal cell adenomas (BCAs) with capsular invasion, and 10 BCAs without capsular invasion] and 10 cases of adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) were subjected to histopathology and immunohistochemical analyses for CK7, CK5/6, SMA, p63, calponin, p53, c-erbB2, CD117, β-catenin, EGFR, VEGF, Ki-67, and S100P protein expression. Compared to BCA without capsular invasion, the BCACs and BCAs with capsular invasion were more likely to be larger and have solid or cribriform patterns. Most BCACs and BCAs exhibited nuclear β-catenin expression. In all basal cell neoplasm cases, the clinical course after surgery with or without radiotherapy was indolent. β-catenin, CK5/6, CD117, and S100P protein were helpful for differentiating basal cell neoplasms from ACC.ConclusionsBCAs with capsular invasion shared several pathological features with BCACs, including a large size and frequent cribriform patterns but the malignant potential of these tumors seems highly limited and should be reexamined. β-catenin immunostaining may aid the differential diagnosis between basal cell neoplasms and ACCs.Virtual slidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/9637819101988153

Human papillomavirus‐related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Human papillomavirus‐related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Basal cell adenocarcinoma of the palate: report of a case with Aurora-B kinase expression

Cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) are typically characterised by a proliferation of immature basaloid cells with relatively uniform hyperchromatic nuclei. In this report we describe 19 cases of HSIL exhibiting focal but very marked nuclear atypia often associated with multinucleation (‘pleomorphic HSIL’). The bizarre cytological changes mainly involved the basal epithelium particularly in endocervical crypts where the neoplastic cells undermined the native glandular epithelial cells. Superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SISCCA) was present in three cases (16%) and while this was more common than in a comparative series of 40 ‘conventional’ HSIL excision specimens (5%), the difference was not statistically significant. All three invasive cases demonstrated additional histological features that have been associated with increased risk of SISCAA (expansile crypt involvement by HSIL, luminal necrosis, and/or intraepithelial squamous maturation), and the invasive foci were associated microanatomically with conventional-type rather than pleomorphic HSIL. The bizarre cells expressed p16 and p63 proteins but usually lacked mitotic activity and showed less Ki-67 labelling than adjacent conventional HSIL. These findings suggest that pleomorphic epithelial changes in HSIL do not necessarily indicate more aggressive biological behaviour and may, in some cases, represent a degenerative phenomenon.

Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Minor Salivary Glands Involving Palate and Maxillary Sinus

Basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC) is a rare neoplasm accounting for only 2.9% of all salivary gland neoplasms. BCAC involving palatal minor salivary glands are exceedingly rare, and only 10 cases have been reported in the literature. The treatment of choice is surgical excision. Here, we report a case of a 55-year-old male patient with massive BCAC of palatal minor salivary gland extending into the maxillary sinus. This is the first case of BCAC treated by radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy. A follow-up check conducted after 14-months showed good prognosis.

Melanoma arising in chronic ulceration associated with lymphoedema

Chronic ulceration can be complicated by development of a malignancy. The most frequent associated malignances are squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, although melanoma, leiomyosarcoma and adenocarcinoma are less commonly seen. Chronic lymphoedema may also predispose to development of some malignancies, including lymphangiosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. Here, we report the case of a 77-year-old man with primary lymphoedema, who developed melanoma in a chronic foot ulcer of 60 years' duration. The patient underwent wide excision for the melanoma, and remains free from metastases at 1-year follow up.

耳下腺基底細胞腺癌の 1 例

Making a cytologic diagnosis of basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC) of the salivary gland is difficult due to the similarity of its morphologic features to other benign and malignant tumors of the salivary glands. Morphometric analysis revealed that the average minimum diameter of the nuclei of BCAC was significantly wider than that of basal cell adenoma (BCA). BCAC was associated with a higher nuclear circularity compared with BCA. Our case report shows that roundness of the nuclei, formation of a palisading pattern, and presence of a basement membrane-like material in fine-needle aspiration specimens could lead to a specific diagnosis of BCAC.

Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma

Basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC), a salivary gland tumor, has been theorized to originate either from monomorphic adenomas undergoing a malignant transformation or to arise de novo. Here we present the first case report of a BCAC tumor that arose within a pleo- morphic adenoma.

An unusual cribriform variant of salivary basal cell tumours: a clinicopathological study of 22 cases

To clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of salivary basal cell tumours exhibiting cribriform architecture, and to discuss the differential diagnosis of these tumours with regard to adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC). Eighteen basal cell adenomas (BCAs) and four basal cell adenocarcinomas (BcACs) with at least a 10% area of cribriform morphology were collected, and the histological and immunohistochemical features were evaluated. The majority of tumours showed the typical histological patterns of basal cell tumours, in addition to cribriform architecture. In some areas, the periphery of cribriform nests had a palisade arrangement. Focal capsular infiltration, but not invasion of surrounding normal tissue, was detected in 14 of 18 BCAs. The capsules were absent or incomplete and mainly accompanied by focal invasion in BcACs. Cystic degeneration was observed in 12 of 22 tumours. The Ki67 labelling index of basal cell tumours was significantly lower than that of cribriform AdCCs (P = 0.001). All patients had a good outcome after a follow-up of 15-96 months. The cribriform variant shares most of the clinicopathological features of conventional basal cell tumours. Admixtures of cribriform and trabecular or tubulo-trabecular subtypes, peripheral palisading, cystic changes, non-invasive or low-grade invasive growth patterns and a low Ki67 labelling index may be useful for distinguishing basal cell tumours with a cribriform architecture from AdCCs.