Barleria Prionitis Research Articles

A Review of Barleria prionitis L. a Rarely Known Plant with Potential of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Assets

Barleria Prionitis Linn., commonly referred to as "Vajradanti," is a thorny shrub native to Southern Asia and certain African regions. This herb has a long history of use in traditional medicine systems, particularly Ayurveda, where it has been employed to address a wide array of health concerns including respiratory ailments, fever, liver disorders, and dermatological issues. A comprehensive review of scientific literature underscores the plant's rich phytochemical composition. It is a veritable treasure trove of bioactive compounds, such as tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, phenols, and specific compounds like β-sitosterol, lupeol, syringic acid, and vanillic acid. This chemical diversity is believed to underpin the herb's broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Research has unveiled the potential of Barleria Prionitis in addressing a variety of health challenges. Studies have demonstrated its antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. Furthermore, the herb has shown promise in managing metabolic disorders like diabetes, as well as gastrointestinal issues. Its analgesic and antiarthritic effects have also garnered attention. Despite the compelling evidence supporting the therapeutic efficacy of Barleria Prionitis, its full potential remains largely untapped. Further research is imperative to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action, optimize extraction processes, and develop standardized formulations. Moreover, clinical trials are necessary to validate the traditional claims and establish the herb's safety and efficacy in modern healthcare. By unlocking the secrets of Barleria Prionitis, researchers and healthcare providers can potentially develop innovative and sustainable therapeutic solutions for a range of diseases.

Ayurvedic Panchakarma Management of Avabahuka - A Case Report

Background: Avabahuka is the disease of Amsa Sandhi (shoulder joint), which involves the neuromuscular system. The clinical features of Avabahuka are pain, stiffness, and restricted shoulder joint movement. In this study, Sahachar (Barleria prionitis Linn.) Taila was used for Snehana, and Patra Pottali (Ayurvedic Herbal Bolus) was used for Swedana containing leaves of medicinal plants. Aim and objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Snehana and Patra Pottali Swedana, along with Shamana Aushadhi in Avabahuka. Material and methods: A male patient, 40 years old, was diagnosed with an Avabahuka from a clinical point of view. There was a painful, restricted movement of the right shoulder joint radiating to the right elbow joint. X-ray of cervical region AP and lateral view shows mild straightening of cervical lordosis due to paraspinal muscle spasm and C5 – C6 disc space narrowing. He was treated with Panchakarma Snehana and Patra Pottali Swedana followed by Shamana Chikitsa for 7 days and follow-up after 14 days. Result: The patient was assessed with subjective and objective parameters. The scores of pain turned to reduced 3 to 1, stiffness 3 to 0, and range of movement; flexion 1300 to 1600, extension 500 to 600, abduction 1250 to 1450, adduction 350 to 550, internal rotation 700 to 850, and external rotation 800 to 900. Significant changes and improvements were observed in the clinical features of Avabahuka before and after treatment. Conclusion: The present study shows Ayurveda has better management for Avabahuka, which was observed by strategically combining the effects of Panchakarma and Shamana Chikitsa.

Characterization of Nanoemulsion Non-Ionic and Cytotoxicity Test on T47d Cells Ethanol Fraction ofBarleria Prionitis L.

The formulation of the ethanol fraction of landep leaves identified bioactive compounds and evaluated anticancer activity on T47D breast cancer cells in vitro and was formulated as a nano emulsion to increase the solubility of drugs that are difficult to dissolve in water by increasing bioavailability. The aim of this research is to determine the anticancer activity and to characterize the Barleria prionitis ethanol fraction formulated in nano emulsion form and to determine the physical properties of the nano emulsion preparation. Landep leaf ethanol fraction nanoparticles were formulated with a surfactant formulation of 0.1% Tween 80 and 5% glycerol as a co surfactant, with a homogenization technique using a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 15,000 Rpm for 120 minutes. The results of the anticancer activity test showed that the IC50 value for T47D cells was 150.2 µg/mL. the nanoparticles formed were characterized using % transmittance value, and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and PDI to determine particle size. size. The best nanoparticle test results were obtained in the formula with a dose of 2000ug/mL which had physical quality properties with a particle size of 276.2 nm; The polydispersity index is 0.324 with nanoparticle size and has the most homogeneous particle distribution. The stability of the preparation using organoleptic, pH and viscosity tests gave quite stable results for 14 days so that it could be continued with stability tests to determine shelf life.

Anti-inflammatory activity of verbascoside- and isoverbascoside-rich Lamiales medicinal plants

Verbascoside and isoverbascoside are two active phenylethanoid glycosides mainly found in plants of the order Lamiales. This study analyzes the verbascoside and isoverbascoside levels and the total phenolic contents in the water and ethanolic extracts of 20 medicinal plants of the order Lamiales commonly used in Thailand. The related bioactivities, including the antioxidant activity via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reduction activity potential assays and anti-tyrosinase and -inflammatory activities via the cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide assays are also investigated. The extracts of several plant species, including Barleria prionitis, B. lupulina, Rhinacanthus nasutus, Orthosiphon aristatus, and Nicoteba betonica, exhibit high verbascoside and isoverbascoside content levels. The correlation analysis between the bioactive activities and the active compounds demonstrates a significant association between the verbascoside level in the water extracts and both the DPPH antioxidant activity and the nitric oxide level in the anti-inflammatory assays. This study provides the first report on the verbascoside and isoverbascoside quantification of several plant samples. The findings provide valuable insights for future research on lesser-studied plants possessing high verbascoside and isoverbascoside levels, which exhibit promising anti-inflammatory activities.

A Review on Ayurvedic and Pharmacological Properties of Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis Linn.)

Background: Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis Linn.) of is one of the most useful plant in Ayurveda. Many pharmacological studies have been conducted to investigate the properties of Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis Linn.) in an attempt to authenticate its use as a multi-purpose medicinal agent. The objective of this paper is to review the literature regarding Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis Linn.) Specifically, the literature was reviewed for articles pertaining to chemical properties and therapeutic benefits. This review is in a narrative format and consists of all publications relevant to Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis Linn.) that were identified by the authors through a Google scholar search and books from Central library and library of Dravyaguna Vigyan department of Sai Ayurved College, Hospital and Research Centre Sasure-Vairag-Solapur. Result shows that Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis Linn.) possesses antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and diuretic properties. The mechanisms of action for these properties are not fully understood. Preliminary studies have found various constituents of Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis Linn.) exhibiting a variety of therapeutic effects. These results are very encouraging and indicate this herb should be studied more extensively to confirm these results and reveal other potential therapeutic effects. Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis Linn.)is an Ayurvedic medicinal plant which is mentioned in Ayurvedic classical books.it is one of the plant which According to Ayurveda this plant is having Ras-Katu, Veerya-Ushna, Vipaka-Katu, Vaatahar and Kaphahar and Sheet . Many pharmacological studies have been conducted to investigate the properties of Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis Linn.) in an attempt to authenticate its use as a multi-purpose medicinal agent. The main aim of this article is to collect and analyze the scientific information related to traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Methods: Scientific information on Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis Linn.) was retrieved from the online bibliographic databases (e.g. MEDLINE/PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus) and books from central library as well as library of Dravyaguna department of Sai Ayurved College, Hospital and Research Centre Sasure-Vairag-Solapur. Results: Different plant parts of Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis Linn.) were reported to be used for the treatment of natural hair color, cough, skin diseases, and antidote in various poisonous bites such as rat bite. Various extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, hypolipidimic, antioxidant, thrombolytic property, hepatoprotective activity . Conclusion: The mechanisms of action Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis Linn.) for these properties are not fully understood. Preliminary studies have found various constituents of exhibiting a variety of therapeutic effects. These results are very encouraging and indicate this herb should be studied more extensively to confirm these results and reveal other potential therapeutic effects.

Comparative secondary metabolite expression in callus cultures and mother plant in Barleria prionitis L.

Comparative secondary metabolite expression in callus cultures and mother plant in Barleria prionitis L.

Formulation and standardization of Peetha Saireyaka tablet – A novel Ayurvedic drug to combat Chronic tonsillitis in children

Introduction: Peetha Saireyaka tablet (PST) is a herbal formulation widely used in Ayurvedic clinical practice with multi fold benefits, specifically to combat chronic tonsillitis in children. There is no work on record on formulation and standardization aspect of herbal drug, Peetha Saireyaka tablet. This paper highlights the preparation, physico-chemical characterization, TLC and HPTLC densitogram profiling of Peetha Saireyaka tablet which can be applied for authentication of this herbal formulation. Methods: The roots of Peetha Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis Linn.) were authenticated botanically. The tablets were prepared at certified pharmacy and subjected for detailed physico-chemical and HPTLC analyses. Results: Set of standardization parameters were derived for Peetha Saireyaka tablet by physico-chemical characterization. The tests proposed would serve as diagnostic parameters for the identity of this herbal formulation. HPTLC fingerprint profile which can serve as a fingerprint for the identification of the formulation has been obtained. Conclusion: The proposed method of making tablet from roots of Peetha Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis Linn.) will aid in yielding concentrated medicament with the same efficacy as per the classically proposed drug dosage at lower dose. Standards for the herbal formulation has been developed for the quality check of the formulation.

Screening of Antibacterial Potential and Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinal Plant Barleria Prionitis

Medicinal and healing proper- ties of herbs are closely related to their chemical components which are classified into some major groups like alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, tannins etc. and getting these chemicals out into the herbal remedy depends upon the solubility of these compounds in various solvents. In the present study aqueous ethanol diethyl ether acetone and methanol extracts of Barleria prionitis leaves were investigated for phyto-chemical and anti-microbial activity. The micro-organisms employed were Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli,and Pseudomonas, aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The susceptibility of bacterial strains against the all extracts was determined using the disk diffusion method. The findings showed that potential antibacterial properties of the extracts against the organisms tested. The most susceptible microorganisms were S. aureus, while the least susceptible was E. coli. Aqueous extracts had no activity against the test bacteria the leaves of plant were found abundant with biologically active phytochemicals.

Evaluation of Anti-Parkinson Activity of Aqueous Extract of Barleria prionitis

AIM- The aim of the preset investigation is Evaluation of Anti-Parkinson Activity of Aqueous Extract of Barleria prionitis. MATERIAL & METHODS- The whole plant of Barleria prionitiswere collected from the surrounding areas of Erode district, Tamilnadu, India during the month of December. Coarsely powdered whole plant of Barleria prionitis were extracted with water for 48 hours at room temperature. After extraction the extracts were evaporated by using rotary evaporator and dried at room temperature. The obtained crude extracts were weighed and stored at 4ᵒC for the further analysis. Male Swiss albino mice 3 month of age, and 25-30 g body weight were offered. All the rats were kept at room temperature and allowed to acclimate in standard conditions less than 12 hr light/ 12 hr dark cycle in the animal house. The MPTP was purchased from sigma chemicals, Mumbai, India and was stored according to the manufacturer label (370C) to prevent its decomposition. The length of time (duration) the animal stay on the rod without falling, gives a measure of their coordination, balance, physical condition and motor-planning. RESULTS- The grip strength of treated rats were found to be increased in the rats as compared to untreated rats. Similarly, Locomotor activity were also significantly increased in the rats treated in rats as compared to untreated rats. DISCUSSION- From the results the Actophotometer readings (locomotor activity) of animals of vehicle-treated control group (Group I) was found to be 386.33±1.56 and 396±1.15 counts/5 min for all 7 days of treatment. MPTP treatment to animals of Group II showed a significant reduction in locomotor activity every week. The actophotometer readings decreased to 186±2.30 counts/ 5 min. on the 7th day, went down to 145.33±0.23 counts/5 min. Thus, there was a significant decline in the locomotor activity of rotenone treated control animals (Group III) when compared to vehicle-treated control group (Group I). CONCLUSION- From the present study, it can be considered that the aqueous extract of Barleria prionitis exhibited significant anti-parkinsonism activity in MPTP model in mouse and rats respectively.
 KEYWORDS- Anti-Parkinson Activity, Aqueous Extract, Barleria prionitis, Parkinson Disease, Muscular rigidity, Bradykinesia

Phytochemical Screening of Barleria Prionitis L Leaves Using Hydrotropic Solvents

Hydrotropic agents are stated as ionic organic salts which help to increase or decrease the solubility of solute in a given solvent via ‘salt in’ or ‘salt out’ effects, respectively. Salts which show ‘salt in’ of non-electrolytes are called “hydrotropic salts” and the phenomenon is known as “hydrotropism. There are about 45,000 plant species in India, with concentrated hotspots in the region of Eastern Himalayas. Entire plants of Barleriaprionitis L. collected from Shrinathji Institute of pharmacy, Nathdwara and the plant was authenticated by Dr. R.L. Bhardwaj. The leaves of Barleria Prionitis L plant was characterized by its morphological features like colour, shape, size and surface characteristics has been studies. The plant materials (1 kg) were initially defatted with petroleum ether and then extracted with blends RP-1 to RP-6 using a Soxhlet apparatus. The yield of the plant extracts measured about 20 g each after evaporating the solvent using water bath. As per result of HPTLC, we found that the hydrotropic blends solution aur ecoferindly and cost effective method for the extraction purpose. All the phytoconstitutents which was earlier reported in previous literature by the use of organic solvents which were also present for the use of hydrotropic solvents.

Host plant rhizo-microbiome interactions: Seasonal variation and microbial community structure analysis associated with Barleria prionitis

The host plant root ecosystem, microorganisms and the soil forms below the ground rhizo-microbiome environment in the rhizosphere soil of the associated host plant species. Microorganisms comprising the associated biomes deliberately modulate the mutual relationships with distinct genomic attributes improving the overall fitness in specific ecological and environmental habitats including the pathogenic behavior and symbiosis. Identification of the natural host microbial diversity is key features of the understanding the host plant rhizomicrobiome interaction dynamics. These interactions play pivotal role in plant adaption and ecological behavior of the most widely distributed plant species across the world. In this research study, microbial diversity assessment of the Barleria prionitis . has been investigated under the different environmental conditions. The dominant microbial communities at phylum level were represented by Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Firmicutes , and Actinobacteria . Similarly, at the family level Bacillaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, Streptosporangiaceae, Pseudomonadaceae , and Solibacteraceae . Apart from the bacterial domains, actinomycetes were also found to be dominant in rhizosphere samples along with the taxonomically unclassified sequences. Further, functional genomics approach can reveal the role of the harboring microbial communities identified in the rhizosphere metagenomics approach using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing approach. Furthermore, investigating the season variations of rhizomicrobiome interactions could infer the microbial community structure dynamics and its potential role in nutrient uptake, climate resilience, phytopathology and disease resistance in various ecosystems. • Microbial community structure analysis of the Barleria prionitis in natural ecosystem. • Core microbiome analysis and microbial co-occurrence network analysis revealed the dominant taxa. • Host dynamics and rhizomicrobiome interactions and seasonal variations in microbial diversity.

MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF SELECTED PHYTOCHEMICALS WITH COVID-19 MAIN PROTEASE

The SARS-CoV-2 corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread around the world, presenting a serious pandemic danger. The present study seeks to investigate the biological activity of phytocompounds produced from various medicinal plants, notably Barleria prionitis Linn, Bougainvillea (Nyctaginaceae), and Fig (Angeer), against the SARS-COV-2 major protease (Mpro) protein utilizing a molecular docking approach. Since it is necessary for viral transcription and replication, the SARS-COV-2 major protease (Mpro) protein of the corona virus is an alluring therapeutic target for SARS-CoV-2. The protein target and ligands were interacted with using SWISS Dock and Open Babel. The major protease (Mpro) protein's binding energy was lowest with the barlerinoside from the Barleria plant (G = -9.78 kcal/mol. Numerous phytochemicals had low binding energies with the primary protease protein (Mpro), suggesting that they could be more potent against the COVID-19 virus.

Barleria prionitis L.: An Illustrative Traditional, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review

Barleria prionitis, a small perpetual, prickly shrub, belongs to the family Acanthaceae, normally called “porcupine flower” or “Vajradanti” with a lot of vernacular names. It is an indigenous herb of Southern Asia and some regions of Africa. The therapeutic use of leaf, flower, stem, seed, shoot, root and in certain cases complete herb of B. prionitis against numerous disorders including cough, fever, jaundice, asthma, severe pain, acne, cut wound is recognized by ayurvedic and other conventional medicinal systems. An exhaustive bibliographic research of this plant has been carried out by means of scientific engines and databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science direct; as a result, it has been found that this herb possesses a rich phytochemical content and a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial activity, anthelmintic activity, antidiarrheal activity, antioxidant activity, antifertility activity, anti-diabetic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, cytoprotective activity, antiarthritic activity, diuretic activity, hepatoprotective activity, enzyme inhibitory activity and antinociceptive activity without any toxic effects. The plant has been reported to have tannin, saponin, flavonoid, glycoside, alkaloid and phenolic compounds present in it. It is also a noteworthy origin of secondary metabolites such as β-sitosterol, lupeol, syringic acid, and vanillic acid. However, having potential therapeutic importance, it is still underutilized.

Antifungal properties of volatile organic compounds produced by Daldinia eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 isolated from Barleria prionitis leaves against Colletotrichum acutatum and its post-harvest infections on strawberry fruits.

Fungal endophytes are microorganisms living symbiotically with a host plant. They can produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from Barleria prionitis plants grown in Thailand and to investigate the antifungal properties of their VOCs against Colletotrichum acutatum, a causal agent of anthracnose disease on post-harvest strawberry fruits. A total of 34 endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves of B. prionitis. The VOCs produced from each individual isolate were screened for their antifungal activity against C. acutatum using a dual-culture plate method. From this in vitro screening experiment, the VOCs produced by the endophytic isolate BP11 were found to have the highest inhibition percentage (80.3%) against the mycelial growth of C. acutatum. The endophytic isolate BP11 was molecularly identified as Daldinia eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493. This strain was then selected for an in vivo experiment. Results from the in vivo experiment indicated that the VOCs produced by D. eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 were able to inhibit infections by C. acutatum on organic fresh strawberry fruits with an average inhibition percentage of 72.4%. The quality of the pathogen-inoculated strawberry fruits treated with VOCs produced by D. eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 was evaluated. Their fruit firmness, total soluble solids, and pH were found to be similar to the untreated strawberry fruits. Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the VOCs produced by D. eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 led to the detection and identification of 60 compounds. The major compounds were elemicin (23.8%), benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (8.5%), ethyl sorbate (6.8%), methyl geranate (6.5%), trans-sabinene hydrate (5.4%), and 3,5-dimethyl-4-heptanone (5.1%). Each major compound was tested for its antifungal activity against C. acutatum using the in vitro assay. While all these selected VOCs showed varying degrees of antifungal activity, elemicin was found to possess the strongest antifungal activity. This work suggests that D. eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 could be a promising natural preservative for controlling C. acutatum associated anthracnose disease in strawberry fruits during the post-harvest period.

Nephroprotective activity of medicinal plants: A review on in silico-, in vitro-, and in vivo-based studies

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe problem for healthcare professionals due to its high mortality rate. The major causes of AKI are ischemia, hypoxia, and drug-induced nephrotoxicity. AKI is particularly related to an imbalance between oxygen and nutrients, which is caused by impaired circulation to the nephrons and increased energy requirements due to oxidative stress. Thus, the concept of using antioxidants to prevent AKI is always interesting to be thoroughly discussed. Many plants have been well recognized for their antioxidant properties, which providentially could work to recover AKI. This review focuses on plants with nephroprotective activity as confirmed by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies. In vitro and in vivo nephroprotective studies of several plants on Combretum micranthum, Homonoia riparia, Abelmoschus moschatus, Asparagus falcatus, Barleria prionitis, Macrothelypteris oligophlebia, Solanum xanthocarpum, Sonchus oleraceus, Ceiba pentandra, Eurycoma longifolia, Dendropanax morbifera, Carica papaya, and Boesenbergia rotunda reveal promising results. Moreover, in silico studies of phytoconstituents against nuclear factor κB, the most important components of the pathogenesis of AKI, confirm scientific evidence that plants are potential candidates to be developed as nephroprotective drugs.

In-vitro hypoglycemic activity of lawsonia inermis Linn. Leaf extracts

in-vitro hypoglycemic activity of lawsonia inermis Linn. Leaf extracts

Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Barleria prionitis, comparative chloroplast genomics and phylogenetic relationships among Acanthoideae

BackgroundThe plastome of medicinal and endangered species in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Barleria prionitis was sequenced. The plastome was compared with that of seven Acanthoideae species in order to describe the plastome, spot the microsatellite, assess the dissimilarities within the sampled plastomes and to infer their phylogenetic relationships.ResultsThe plastome of B. prionitis was 152,217 bp in length with Guanine-Cytosine and Adenine-Thymine content of 38.3 and 61.7% respectively. It is circular and quadripartite in structure and constitute of a large single copy (LSC, 83, 772 bp), small single copy (SSC, 17, 803 bp) and a pair of inverted repeat (IRa and IRb 25, 321 bp each). 131 genes were identified in the plastome out of which 113 are unique and 18 were repeated in IR region. The genome consists of 4 rRNA, 30 tRNA and 80 protein-coding genes. The analysis of long repeat showed all types of repeats were present in the plastome and palindromic has the highest frequency. A total number of 98 SSR were also identified of which mostly were mononucleotide Adenine-Thymine and are located at the non coding regions. Comparative genomic analysis among the plastomes revealed that the pair of the inverted repeat is more conserved than the single copy region. In addition high variation is observed in the intergenic spacer region than the coding region. The genes, ycf1and ndhF and are located at the border junction of the small single copy region and IRb region of all the plastome. The analysis of sequence divergence in the protein coding genes indicates that the following genes undergo positive selection (atpF, petD, psbZ, rpl20, petB, rpl16, rps16, rpoC, rps7, rpl32 and ycf3). Phylogenetic analysis indicated sister relationship between Ruellieae and Justcieae. In addition, Barleria, Justicia and Ruellia are paraphyletic, suggesting that Justiceae, Ruellieae, Andrographideae and Barlerieae should be treated as tribes.ConclusionsThis study sequenced and assembled the first plastome of the taxon Barleria and reported the basics resources for evolutionary studies of B. prionitis and tools for phylogenetic relationship studies within the core Acanthaceae.

Protective effects of three selected standardized medicinal plant extracts used in Sri Lankan traditional medicine in adriamycin induced nephrotoxic Wistar rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAbelmoschus moschatus Medik. (family: Malvaceae), Asparagus falcatus (family: Asparagaceae) and Barleria prionitis Linn. (family: Acanthaceae) have been used in the treatment of kidney diseases in Sri Lankan traditional medicine. Besides the traditional use, scientific scrutinization of safe therapeutic use of these medicinal plants in the management of kidney diseases has not been reported to date. Aim of the studyThe three selected doses of the aqueous extracts of the selected medicinal plants were studied for their protective effects against adriamycin (ADR) induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Materials and methodsChemically standardized plant materials were used in the study. The nephroprotective activity of the lyophilized powder of the aqueous refluxed (4hr) leaf extracts of A. moschatus, A. falcatus and the whole plant extract of B. prionitis was investigated in adriamycin (20 mg/kg, ip) induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats (n = 6/group). The treatment regimens were initiated 24 h after the induction of nephrotoxicity and continued daily as a single dose for three consecutive days at three selected doses (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg). Fosinopril sodium (0.09 mg/kg) was used as the standard drug. Nephroprotective activity was assessed by estimating the selected biochemical parameters and by the assessment of histopathology on H and E stained sections of the kidney. ResultsThe plant extracts at the three selected doses significantly attenuated the elevations in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and the loss of urine total protein in a dose related manner in ADR induced nephrotoxic rats (p < 0.001). The serum concentration of albumin and total protein increased significantly (p < 0.001). Histopathological findings corroborated the biochemical evidence of nephroprotective activity. The aqueous extracts of the three selected medicinal plants exerted a relatively high antioxidant activity in vitro. ConclusionsEvaluation of the protective effects based on biochemical parameters and histopathology assessment revealed that the aqueous leaf extracts of A. moschatus, A. falcatus and the whole plant extract of B. prionitis possess significant nephroprotective activity against ADR induced acute nephrotoxicity. The secondary metabolites present in the plant extracts may attribute to the total antioxidant activities of the selected medicinal plant extracts thereby exerting protective effects against nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats.

Inhibition of the pro-inflammatory mediators in rat neutrophils by shanzhiside methyl ester and its acetyl derivative isolated from Barleria prionitis.

The aerial parts of Barleria prionitis Linn. (BP) (Acanthaceae) plant has long been used to treat inflammatory disorders such as toothache, swellings, arthritis and gout. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of shanzhiside methyl ester (SME), 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester (ASME) and iridoid glycosides rich monoterpenoidal fraction (IFBp), isolated from the aerial part of BP, on the pro-inflammatory mediators in stimulated rat neutrophils. Rat neutrophils were incubated with or without test drugs. The influence of laboratory isolated and identified SME, ASME and IFBp on the production and release of pro-inflammatory mediators i.e. myeloperoxidase (MPO), elastase, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was evaluated in the formyl-met-leu-phenylalanine (f-MLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated rat neutrophils using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. IFBp was also standardized with the high performance thin layer chromatography by simultaneous determination of SME and ASME marker compounds. SME, ASME and IFBp displayed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on the MPO, elastase and MMP-9 enzymes release, and IL-8, TNF-α and LTB4 cytokines production in the f-MLP and LPS stimulated rat neutrophils. The content of SME and ASME was found to be 17.32 ± 1.98 and 11.30 ± 1.06% w/w, respectively, in IFBp by HPTLC method. Altogether, the present results suggest that the iridoidal glycosides of BP may be considered as therapeutic strategy against neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases. Developed and validated HPTLC method for the standardization of IFBp of BP can be used as a quality control tool for the routine qualitative and quantitative analysis of Barleria species containing SME and/or ASME.

PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN OBAT OLEH SUKU DAYAK KANAYATN DI DESA MAMEK KECAMATAN MENYUKE KABUPATEN LANDAK

Mamek village of Menyuke district of Landak Regency is one of the villages with Dayak Kanatytn as its majority ethnic and they still use medicinal plants. The aims of this research were to catalogue the medicinal plants and its utilization pattern of Dayak Kanaytn in Mamek village. Data were collected by interviews the selected respondents through questionnaire. The purposive sampling method was carried out and as much as 20% of total households of Mamek village was selected. There were 40 species of medicinal plants belongs to 31 plants family were used by Dayak Kanatyn in Mamek village. Types of medicinal plants based on leaf parts (18 plants species or 45%), decoction is the most common preparation method (32 species or 80%), oral is the most administration method (72%), home yard is the most plants sources location (17 species or 42,5%), and cultivated is the most cultivation method (35 species or 87,5%). The highest use value (UV) derived from sambung nyawa (Gymnathemum amygdalinum) (0.63). The highest informant consensus factor (ICF) with value 1 were obtained from diseases such as blood vomit, internal wound, swollen, sore, diarrhea, hepatitis, jaundice, measles, body odor, menstruation, urolitiasis, urinary tract infection, asthma, typhus, diabetic, mouthwash, digestion and palpitation. The highest fidelity level (FL) is 100% and value derived from alang karue (Imperata Cylindrica), bawang merah (Allium cepa), bawang putih (Allium sativum), landep (Barleria prionitis), lengkuas (Alpinia galangal), bunga perujan (Ixora stricta roxb), ceri (Prunus avium), daun kesum (Polygonum minus), pepaya (Carica papaya), kedondong (Spondias dulcis forst), timun (Cucumis sativus), kelapa kuning (Cocos nucifera), mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa), pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius), puring (Codiaeum variegatum), lokop (Physalis peruviana) dengan nilai 100%.Keywords: Dayak Kanayatn, Medicinal Plants, Mamek Village