Bark Of Plant Research Articles

Endophytic bacteria improve jute growth through induction of phytohormones-related gene expression

Plants coexist with complex populations of microorganisms, including Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR bacteria help in plant development by secreting numerous plan growth-promoting compounds like IAA, gibberellin, siderophore, and cytokinin. They also provide resistance to plants against different pathogens. Jute fibre is the second most important fibre next to cotton, obtained from the bark of plant through microbial retting process. Hence, increased plant growth means increased bark i.e., increased fibre. This study aims to identify the molecular, physiological and growth promotion characteristics of non-rhizobial bacterial specie from the surface-sterilized root of healthy and biotic stressed (nematode-infested) jute (Corchorus capsularis; Corchorus olitorius and an advanced variety of C. olitorius, Robi-1). We have identified 62 culturable bacterial isolates from healthy and nematode-infected jute plant using bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing. All the isolates were distributed to Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Ensifer genera, respectively. B. cereus, S. hominis and a consortium increased the growth phenotype (Root length, shoot length, germination rate, root and shoot biomass) of C. capsularis (CVL-1), C. olitorius (O-9897), and an advanced variety of C. olitorius (Robi-1), respectively. Increased expression (qRT-PCR analysis) of growth hormones GA-20 and GA-03 oxidase corroborates plant growth induction by increased production of the growth hormone gibberellin. Taken together, our results suggest that plant-growth promotion by endophytic bacteria may involve the increased expression of growth hormone gibberellin and nutrient uptake. B. cereus and S. hominis having plant growth-promoting traits could be useful in sustainable agriculture practice.

Permanently Mechanically Adjustable Photothermal Catalytic Spontaneous Double Cross‐Linking Network Enables Durable and Stretchable Plant Skin‐Like Materials

AbstractIn cellulose‐based plastics, as a type of thermoplastic and thermosetting materials, the excellent balance of mechanical strength and ductility poses a large challenge. To tackle this problem, a novel approach is devised to introduce reversible non‐covalent ester cross‐linking into dynamic covalent hydrogen‐bonded polymer networks. However, the formation of ester bonds typically requires excess reactants and dehydrating agents, which is energy‐intensive, environmentally harmful, and costly. To address these concerns, inspired by polyester‐rich plant bark, a supramolecular composite material is developed. It can be dissolved and regenerated using a binary solvent system (choline hexanoate/choline chloride‐oxalic acid). In water, this supramolecular composite material underwent self‐healing and ester exchange reactions to form double‐cross‐linked networks, interfaced with photo‐thermal catalysis promoting the reaction due to its high photo‐thermal conversion efficiency (86.7%) and water evaporation rate (1.38 kg m−2 h−1). This enables the rapid and repeatable construction of durable and stretchable biomaterials. The mechanical properties of the supramolecular plastic can be adjusted by solar photo‐thermal conditions of the synthesis environment. These materials exhibit high performance in solar water evaporation and have self‐healing properties and are degradable, recyclable, and capable of eliminating their own adhesions.

An Overview of Paclitaxel and Molecular Imprinted Polymers Capped with Quantum Dots as an Alternative Approach for Paclitaxel Extraction and Detection

Abstract:Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a drug that belongs to the class of compounds called Taxane. It is a strong and potent chemotherapeutic drug that inhibits the growth of certain types of cancer cells; however, its abundance is very low, and various types of methodologies have been implemented to extract paclitaxel from the bark of different plants and herbs. The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) could be the best alternative to purify the paclitaxel molecule. MIPs have become an attractive solution for the selective and fine-tuned determination of target templates in complex forms where other comparable and relevant structural compounds could coexist. Implementation of quantum dots in MIPs improves their extraction features due to the presence of distinct functional sites. Quantum dots can be employed to modulate the size, detectability, and state of the imprinted materials, depending on the selected application. This review aims to summarize and illustrate the modern and innovative strategies based on the aggregation of MIPs with quantum dots. Quantum dot embedded MIPs can be exploited for simultaneous extraction, preconcentration, and detection of paclitaxel obtained from various sources.

Ethnomedicinal plants used by the paniya tribes in Gurusimalai hills, Pandalur, Niligiri district

In the present report an attempt has been made to document the available ethno-medicinal plants and their application among Paniya tribes in Gurusimalai Hills, Pandalur, Niligiri district. Regular field trips were conducted during the months of July-November 2022. The information about the plants was recorded by means of discussion using standard questionnaire with the informers along with the field visits during the collection hours. According to the report of study, a total about 70 plant species belonging to 62 genera and 35 families for treating various kinds of ailments such as Fever, bronchitis, piles, ulcer, abdominal disorders, skin diseases, urinary discharges, snake bite, asthma, diabetes, heart diseases and weight loss. Among the parts, Root, leaves, fruits and Seeds were mainly utilized by the informants. A detailed analysis concluded that, Leaves (46 species) were the most frequently used part of a plant followed by the Fruit (15 species), Root (10 species), Seed (9 species), Whole plant parts, Flower and Bark (each 4 species), Stem (2 species) and Tuber (1 species). The most commonly used medicinal plants fell under shrub forms (25 species) followed by Herb (19 species), tree (13 species), Climber (12 species) and succulent herb (1 species). The mode of formulation preparation or administration was observed to be in the form of juice (27 species) followed by past (15 species), decoction (14 species), Powder (11 species), and vapour (3 species). The present study concluded that the native people in the study area have their unique way of utilizing medicinal plants to treat different kinds of ailments. This might pave the path for developing a scientifically validated botanical or lead to semi-synthetic derivatives intended for modern medicine.

Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Batang Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.br) yang Tumbuh di Desa Bolok Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella Typhi

An impropriate use of antibiotics leads to bacterial resistance problems and side effects. To minimize resistance and adverse side effects, the faloak plant (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) has the potential to be used as antibacterial agents. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of faloak bark extract (Sterculia qudrifida R.Br.) against the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria. This study used a static group comparison research method (Static Group Comparison), namely by measurement (observation) carried out after the treatment group received a program or intervention. According to the results of the research and discussion in this study, the following conclusions can be drawn. Extract of the bark of the faloak plant (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) with a concentration of 22.5%; 45%; 75%; and 100% has antibacterial effectiveness against the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria. The stem bark extract of the faloak plant (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) is said to be most effective at inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhi at a concentration of 100%.

Pest categorisation of Diplodia bulgarica.

The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Diplodia bulgarica, a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Botryosphaeriaceae. The pathogen affects Malus domestica, M.sylvestris and Pyrus communis causing various symptoms such as canker, twig blight, gummosis, pre- and post-harvest fruit rot, dieback and tree decline. The pathogen is present in Asia (India, Iran, Türkiye) and in non-EU Europe (Serbia). Concerning the EU, the pathogen is present in Bulgaria and widespread in Germany. There is a key uncertainty on the geographical distribution of D. bulgarica worldwide and in the EU, because in the past, when molecular tools were not available, the pathogen might have been misidentified as other Diplodia species (e.g. D. intermedia, D. malorum, D. mutila, D. seriata) or other members of the Botryosphaeriaceae family affecting apple and pear based only on morphology and pathogenicity tests. Diplodia bulgarica is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Plants for planting, other than seeds, fresh fruits, and bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other plant-growing media carrying plant debris are the main pathways for the further entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability factors are favourable for the further establishment of the pathogen in the EU. In the areas of its present distribution, including Germany, the pathogen has a direct impact on cultivated hosts. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the further introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. Diplodia bulgarica satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.

Characterization of natural cellulosic fibers from the bark of the Edgeworthia chrysantha plant

In this paper, the structural, morphological, and mechanical properties of Edgeworthia chrysantha phloem fibers are characterized. The chemical composition of Edgeworthia chrysantha mainly includes cellulose (47.13%), hemicelluloses (15.20%), and lignin (7.30%). X-ray diffraction analysis shows that Edgeworthia chrysantha phloem fiber has high crystallinity (76.38%) and small grain size (3.13 nm). Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the maximum degradation temperature of Edgeworthia chrysantha phloem fiber is 351 °C. The results of scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy show that Edgeworthia chrysantha phloem fiber has an obvious hierarchical structure and a relatively rough surface. Additionally, the elastic modulus (6.04–15.21 GPa) and hardness (0.17–0.88 GPa) of Edgeworthia chrysantha phloem fiber were measured by nanoindentation. The result provided a theoretical basis for the high-value application of Edgeworthia chrysantha phloem fibers, especially in papermaking, textiles, fiber-reinforced material and other applications.

Bisabolene compound extracted from cassia fistula and docked as antioxidant and vitamin E alternative predicted drug design

Cis-Z-alpha-bisabolene epoxide (bisabolene) compound is extracted from Cassia fistula plant bark, which is a medicinal tree that contains many useful drug substances, the compound can act as a drug predictably similar to vitamin E, with the same function as an antioxidant which can act on pregnane X receptor on the body cells. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to identify the constituents of the n-hexane extract. Drug Bank was used to find similar compounds. The ID of the pregnane x receptor (PXR) was retrieved from the PDB database. Then the bisabolene ligand was used for docking with the receptor using Swiss Dock. Finally, the Swiss ADME was used to study and predict the pharmacological parameters. It was found that bisabolene can act as an antioxidant and alternative to vitamin E in the pregnane x receptor and with good pharmacological predicted results. When bisabolene is used as an effective ligand with pregnane X receptor alternative to vitamin E, care must be taken because the compound can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with a specific amount.

Research progress of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins.

Proanthocyanidins (PA) are polyphenol compounds that are widely distributed in the bark, fruit core, skin, or seeds of various plants. Anthocyanidins are water-soluble natural pigments widely found in plants. They are all flavonoids, a major coloring substance in plants and fruits. In recent years, research into PA and anthocyanins has become increasingly popular because of their excellent anti-oxidation, scavenging of reactive oxygen free radicals and other physical and chemical activities, and their anti-cancer, vision protection, aging prevention, skin beauty pharmacological, and nutraceutical effects. Especially, recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses indicate their value, safety, and efficacy in the prevention, adjuvant therapy, and management of cardiometabolic disease. Here, we summarize their research progress from the aspects of chemical structure, biosynthetic pathways, distribution, extraction and separation, coloration, efficacy, and potential. The comparison between them might provide a reference for their development and efficient utilization. However, more large-sample-size randomized controlled trials and high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish their clinical efficacy.

PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GAMBHARI FRUIT (GMELINA ARBOREA ROXB.): A REVIEW

Gmelina arborea Roxb. is one of the famous medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae, which different Ayurvedic physicians widely prescribed as a drug of choice for treating many diseases. This drug is commonly named “Kashmarya” and is one of the popular medicinal plants mentioned in all classical textbooks of Ayurveda. It is also known as “Gambhari” because of its fast-growing property, and it is a widely propagated and cultivated tree that grows throughout India. In the Dashamoola groups of herbs, Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb) is one of the components. In Ayurvedic classical textbooks, different plant parts, like roots, fruit, leaf, flower, and bark, can be used medicinally. The edible fruits of Gambhari bear rejuvenating, brain tonic and aphrodisiac qualities. The leaf of Gambhari has been mentioned in the diseases like vrana (wounds) and Kushtha (Skin diseases). The classical part of the plant Gambhari is the root. The present article provides insight into the literature review of the Gambhari fruit. The current manuscript compiles extensive information about Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) fruit which is well-mentioned in most Ayurvedic classics textbooks like Brihatrayee, Laghutree and Nighantu.

A Comparative Chemoinformatics Analysis of compounds extracted from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis

Natural products are a rich source of diverse chemical compounds with interesting therapeutic properties. There is a need for in-depth investigation of this reservoir with in-silico tools to assert the molecular diversity with respect to clinical significance. Although studies have been reported on plants such as Nyctanthes arbor-tristis(NAT) and its medicinal importance. A comprehensive study on comparative analysis of all phyto-constituents has not been carried out. In the present work, we have carried out a comparative study of compounds obtained from the ethanolic extracts of various parts such as calyx, corolla, leaf, and bark of the NAT plant. The extracted compounds were characterized by LCMS and GCMS studies. This was further corroborated by the network analysis, docking, and dynamic simulation studies with validated anti-arthritic targets. The most significant observation from LCMS and GCMS was that the compounds from calyx and corolla were closer in chemical space to the anti-arthritic compounds. To further expand and explore chemical space, the common scaffolds were seeded to enumerate a virtual library. The virtual molecules were prioritized based on the drug-like, leadlike scores and docked against anti-arthritic targets to reveal identical interactions in the pocket region. The comprehensive study will be of immense value to medicinal chemists for the rational synthesis of molecules as well as bioinformatics professionals for getting useful insight into identifying rich diverse molecules from plant sources.

Emergence and History

Emergence and History

Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D.Don) G.Don bark fraction ameliorates metabolic, endocrine and ovarian dynamics in rats experiencing polycystic ovarian syndrome.

In the Ayurvedic system of medicine, Cedrus deodara bark has been utilized as a folk medicine to remove ovarian cysts and treat infertility in females. The present study is the first to investigate ameliorating potential of C. deodara bark on testosterone propionate and high-fat diet-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in experimental rats. LC-MS analysis of the fraction selected through bioassay-guided approach employing uterine relaxant activity was performed to determine the bioactive constituents present in it. Further, the identified compounds were docked on the catalytic site of the androgen receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1. Later, the fraction was investigated against testosterone propionate and high-fat diet-induced PCOS in rats. Chloroform fraction (F1) of the plant bark was found most active in uterine smooth muscle relaxant activity. LC-MS analysis of F1 indicated the presence of key flavonoids namely deodarin, cedrin, deodardione, and cedrusinin. Afterward, a molecular docking study of these compounds revealed impressive binding interactions with androgen receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1. Besides, in vivo studies, treatment with F1 significantly restored the estrous cycle in rats from the diestrus phase in a dose-dependent manner. Also, the disturbed metabolic and endocrine profile was markedly improved in rats. Later, histopathological analysis revealed the presence of a large number of mature follicles and corpora lutea in F1-treated rats. In a nutshell, F1 exhibited promising beneficial effects in PCOS and associated conditions via amelioration of metabolic, endocrine, and ovarian dynamics in experimental rats.

Potential and Application of Vegetable Tanning Materials from Industrial Forest Plantation in Indonesia

Vegetable tanning materials are sourced from plants that contain tannin compounds. Tannins are obtained through the extraction method from the roots, stems, bark, or fruit of the original plant. There are several forest management companies in Indonesia that produce wood from plant species Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium. Both species are known as Acacia. Acacia is an important source of tannin for material tanner vegetables. This wood is produced as a raw material for the pulp and paper industry. However, the bark contains tannin and has not been used optimally. Therefore, the study's potential and possible applications as vegetable tanning agents have been carried out. The research was started by investigating the availability of bark and extracting tannins to obtain extracts containing tannins. Furthermore, the extract obtained was applied as a vegetable tanning agent for the goatskin tanning process. The results showed that the bark of the Plant Industry Forest has the potential to be developed as a source of tannins for material vegetable tanning agents. The application of acacia bark extract in goatskin tanning has obtained tanned leather that meets the Indonesian National Standard.

Development and Validation of a Procedure for Quantitative Determination of Flavonoids in Sea Buckthorn Leaves by Spectrophotometry

Sea buckthorn fruits are a pharmacopoeial raw material used to produce sea buckthorn oil. Other parts of the plant (bark, leaves, and shoots) are objects of research aiming to expand the raw material base and use limited natural resources rationally. Sea buckthorn leaves are rich in biologically active compounds, including flavonoids.The aim of the study was to develop and validate an analytical procedure for the quantification of flavonoids in sea buckthorn leaves using spectrophotometry in the visible spectral region.Materials and methods. The study focused on dried leaves of sea buckthorn harvested in the Voronezh region in 2022. These leaves were collected from wild plants at three phenological stages: fruit setting (I), single fruit ripening (II), and mass fruit ripening (III). To quantify flavonoids in sea buckthorn leaves, the authors used an analytical procedure based on measuring the absorbance of a solution containing products of the reaction between flavonoids and aluminium chloride.Results. The absorption maximum of the complex between the alcohol extract of sea buckthorn leaves and aluminium chloride was observed at 402±2 nm; the wave-length corresponds to the absorption maximum of luteolin. The optimal extraction conditions included 70% ethanol as the extraction solvent, a raw material to solvent ratio of 1:150, a particle size of 0.5 mm, and a single extraction cycle of 45 min.Conclusions. The authors developed and validated a spectrophotometric procedure for the quantification of total flavonoids, expressed as luteolin, in sea buckthorn leaves. The procedure can be used to standardise this herbal drug. As observed in the study, the total flavonoid content was the highest (up to 1.5%) in the raw material at phenological stage I (collected in mid-June) and gradually decreased through mid-July to the end of August. Since sea buckthorn is the source of sea buckthorn oil and the early collection of leaves may decrease its value or lead to non-compliance with pharmacopoeial requirements, the recommended time for harvesting leaves should coincide with that for harvesting fruits. Collected at this stage of growth and development, sea buckthorn leaves still contain sufficient flavonoids (up to 0.8%) and can be used as an individual herbal drug.

Разработка методов получения углеродных адсорбентов на основе Ангренского угля и нефтяных остатков

Currently, activated carbon adsorbents are widely used in the world for industrial wastewater treatment from various organic compounds, sorption of heavy metal ions and life-threatening radioactive substances. Carbon adsorbents with hydrophobic properties are mainly modified based on the brown coal, coke, scape, and bark of plants. The methods of manufacturing coal adsorbents based on Angren coal, petroleum coke and asphaltenes are listed. The physicochemical composition and complete thermodynamic properties of the activated carbon adsorbent were studied. It was found that during the heat treatment of mixtures of carbonaceous raw materials, its mass is lost with increasing temperature. At the same time, the adsorption activity of iodine increases with increasing temperature. Depending on the change in temperature of the obtained carbon adsorbent samples, the calculated surface area with respect to iodine is 280.7 m2/g with a weight loss of 0.2 g. The differential heat of adsorption, isotherm, molar entropy and thermokinetics of the benzene and toluene molecules studied in the article are calculated. The adsorption of 4.5 mmol/g of benzene and 3.5 mmol/g of toluene on the activated carbon adsorbent was determined. It is noted that during the adsorption of benzene and toluene by the obtained adsorbent from activated carbon, the differential heat of reaction gradually decreases. When recalculating the isothermal adsorption of benzene and toluene on activated carbon according to the equation of the volumetric theory of micropore saturation, it was obtained that 84.5 % of benzene and 94.2 % of toluene were adsorbed on the pores of the adsorbent.

Accumulation of <sup>90</sup>SR in plant litter of fruit cenosis

The growth of industrial and agricultural production, against the backdrop of an increase in the population on the planet, requires an increasing amount of energy. Currently, quite a lot of options for its production are known: thermal and hydroelectric power plants, the use of solar energy (solar batteries), wind, etc. The nuclear power industry continues to develop at a fairly high pace. After the accidents at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and in Japan, Fukushima 1, a wave of radiophobia rose around the world. But life is taking its toll, and nuclear power plants have already been built or are being built in Belarus, England, China, and so on. Reactors for nuclear power plants are being modernized, but there are no guarantees against accidents. In this case, pollution of various territories, including agricultural land, is possible. The performed scientific work makes a significant contribution to the solution of an urgent problem, i. e. the return of radioactively contaminated fertile lands to agricultural production. The purpose of the research is to study the migration and accumulation of 90Sr in the litter in the orchard, depending on the location of the nuclide in the soil. To achieve the goal of the research, the following tasks have been set: to determine the specific activity of the foliage, bark and wood of the apple tree for the research option with the surface location of the radionuclide on the soil; to determine the specific activity of the foliage, bark and wood of the apple tree for the research option with a buried location of the radionuclide in the soil by 50 cm. To solve the tasks, the field method was used, the radionuclide content in the plant was analyzed on the USK GAMMA Plus device with a beta tract. When the radionuclide is located in the upper part of the soil, the bark of the fruit plant will make the greatest contribution in terms of radiation, followed by leaves and wood. The greatest accumulation of the radionuclide in the second variant of the experiment occurred in the leaves. The difference in the specific activity of 90Sr between foliage and bark in 2016 was 2.0 times, between foliage and wood – 2.2 times. It was established that the studied variants of the experiment had an impact on the accumulation of the pollutant in the plant litter.

RETRACTED: Mechanical and thermal characterization of bio-sourced mortars made from agricultural and industrial by-products

In the last decades, the environmental sector has occupied an essential place in the world. The main objective of this concern is to preserve the environment and to reduce the use of non-renewable raw materials as much as possible. Thus, the construction sector can contribute to environmental conservation by the use of bio-based materials. Bio-building materials are composed, at least in part, of components made from biomass derived from plants or animals. Today, these materials are used in a variety of produces and for a variety of purposes, including insulation, mortar and concrete, panels, plastic composites, and construction chemistry. In the first step of this study, the Physico-chemical (bulk density, absolute density, water absorption, relative humidity) and thermal (thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity) properties of wood ash, and vegetable aggregates (sunflower plant bark and pith) have been studied and compared with results from the literature review. Afterward, different mixes were prepared based on ashes and adding a certain percentage of cement used as a binding material (0%, 10%, and 20%) to improve their mechanical behavior. Then, concrete with wood ash and vegetable aggregates (pith or sunflower bark) was prepared in order to optimize the mixture that has the best thermal and mechanical performance. The growth of the compressive and flexural strength was evaluated at 7, 14, 28, and 90 days. Because of the excellent ability of wood ash to maintain cohesion, the obtained results demonstrated the possibility of producing mortar with less cement. In terms of thermal performance, increasing fiber content while decreasing the volume density can reduce thermal conductivity of mortars.

Antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of some medicinal plant extracts against bacteria isolated from food materials sold in Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Phytochemical analysis of ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves and bark of Bidens plasa and Brilliantasia patula plant were carried out using standard technique. The plants parts were extracted through cold maceration technique. Bacteria were isolated using standard microbiology methods. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was carried out using agar well diffusion technique. Results of the phytochemical analysis revealed flavonoids, phenols, alkaloid, tannins, steroids, saponins, anthraquinone, reducing sugar, terpenes and glycosides were present in the plant extracts. The extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp and P. aeruginosa isolated from tomato, vegetables and dry fish. The aqueous leaves extract of Bidens plasa inhibited all the test isolates at 50.0 mg and 25.0 mg. The ethanol leaves extracts of Bidens plasa had more antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. The ranges of inhibition zone of the test bacteria were E. coli had 14.0±0.42 mm at 50.0 mg, 11.00±2.00 mm at 25.0mg and 7.00±0.10 mm at 12.5 mg; Klebsiella spp with 13.03±0.32 mm at 50.0 mg and 10.0±3.00 mm at 25.0mg respectively. The bark of extract of Brilliantasia patula had more antibacterial activity in various amount of the extract ranging from 50mg – 12.5mg against the test bacteria. The range of inhibition zone of the test bacteria were E. coli had 13.0±0.21 mm at 50.0 mg, 7.0±1.00 mm at 25.0mg and 5.00±0.11 mm at 12.5 mg and Klebsiella spp with 10.00±1.00 at 50.0 mg and 6.00±0.01 mm at 25.0 mg. The antimicrobial activity demonstrated by these plant extracts on food borne pathogens indicated the preservative potentials these extracts possess in controlling the bacteria growth.

Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of flavonoids of Mimusops elengi L.

Objective: The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using flavonoid extract of leaf; stem; bark and fruit of Mimusops elengi L. Methodology: The flavonoids were extracted using cold extraction method. Antimicrobial activity of free and bound flavonoid extract was evaluated by disc diffusion assay against bacterial strains viz. Escherichia coli; Bacillus subtilis; Pseudomonas putida. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was evaluated through micro broth dilution method. Results: Free flavonoid plant part extract of M. elengi L. exhibited significant activity against Escherichia coli; Bacillus subtilis and show no activity against Pseudomonas putida. Free flavonoid extract of bark of plant showed maximum inhibitory activity (DIZ = 14.0 + 1.00 mm) at 50mg/ml against Escherichia coli with MIC of 12.5 mg/ml. Bound flavonoid plant part extract of M. elengi L. exhibited significant activity against Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas putida with no activity against Bacillus subtilis. Bound flavonoid extracts of leaf significantly showed maximum antibacterial activity (DIZ =21.0 + 1.00 mm) at 50mg/ml against Escherichia coli with MIC of 6.25 mg/ml. Bound flavonoid extracts of bark also showed maximum antibacterial activity (DIZ =19.33 + 1.15 mm) at 50mg/ml against Pseudomonas putida with MIC of 6.25 mg/ml. Conclusion: Results obtained advocates that use of plant parts especially leaf and bark of the selected plant could be used as natural antimicrobial agent against tested microorganism and upcoming resistant pathogens.