Leadership Balance Research Articles

Equipping soldiers to benefit from goal-focused leadership: The moderating effects of non-discriminatory leader behaviors and workgroup cohesion

ABSTRACT We apply the Job Demands-Resources model to explicate how two contextual factors (nondiscriminatory leadership behavior and cohesion) may equip subordinates to benefit from the leadership style of goal-focused leadership (GFL), a predominant leadership style in the military context. We predict that only when GFL is delivered in conjunction with nondiscriminatory leadership behaviors in a cohesive workgroup (which, we theorize, combine to create a resource-rich environment), subordinates may experience the lowest levels of exhaustion. We tested our hypothesis in two independent samples of uniformed United States Department of Defense personnel deployed in non-combat zones, and results are fully supportive. We add to recent efforts to expand the nomological network of GFL, pinpointing situational factors that may equip subordinates to experience lower (rather than higher) exhaustion when working with a goal-focused leader. In doing so, we also contribute to theory on diversity and stress, and we suggest practical applications for leadership across a range of hierarchical contexts, including the military and other large organizations. In all, our work may help inform the proper balance of leadership and workgroup factors, which determine the optimal context in which individuals can be equipped to benefit from GFL.

Kepemimpinan dalam Perspektif Islam

A leader is someone who has a great responsibility in the organization for social life, being a leader must have a good relationship in cultural life so that it can be used as an example by its members. In Islam itself it is conveyed to the Ummah to become a leader in accordance with the existing Shari'a in the teachings of Islam, which subsequently leads to Islamic Leadership. Islamic leadership is a balance of leadership with the concept of the world and the hereafter, the task of leadership is not only a task that is held only for members, but also in the presence of Allah SWT. Allah has sent an Apostle who can be an example for Muslims to carry out Islamic Leadership as the Prophet Muhammad. Islamic leadership prioritizes the values ​​put forward by Islam and also everything that is done because it expects God's blessing. Islamic leadership is more than part of the goals taken while in organizational leadership in general, support the strengthening of the establishment of Islamic order in the organization. Islamic leadership supports absolute leadership or leadership that is authorized, this leadership has a distinct characteristic of leadership in general.

Considerations on Intellectual and Academic Leadership of a Scholar in Higher Education: The Descriptive Literature Review

Abstract Introduction: The search for solutions to the issue of leadership leads to hundreds of leadership studies, most of which are contradictory and inconclusive. The scientific literature on leadership in higher education is focused mainly on educational, academic, managerial or thought leadership. This literature provides the opinion that the intellectual leadership in higher education is directed towards building social and intellectual capital through a scholar’s involvement in decision-making and performance of leadership roles in ways that support the scholar’s collaborative decision-making and empowerment. Scholars see intellectual leadership as the scope of challenging processes, which incorporate ideas, values, understandings, solutions, beliefs, visions, knowledge, approaches, purpose and actions. These aspects must be accepted through collectively-shared understanding and generated contextually for organizational development in higher education. With growth in administrative demands, it becomes difficult for intellectual leaders to achieve an appropriate balance of leadership, teaching and research in higher education. Purpose: To explore and describe the conceptual contents of intellectual leadership and academic leadership by providing their similarities and differences. Methods: In the research, a descriptive literature review (Yang & Tate, 2012) was applied. The sample was mainly based on academic publications; the articles included are all refereed journal articles. Conclusions: The literature review covered wide range of aspects, which reveal that intellectual leadership consists of roles that have several orientations, but the intellectual leadership is not related to the formal administrational or managerial positions. The roles of a scholar in relation to the concept of “intellectual leadership” maybe seen through the following activity spheres: mentor represents educational sphere, guardian – moral sphere, enabler – managerial and administrative spheres, and ambassador – political and communication sphere (Zydziunaite, 2016). The importance of personal characteristics and academic achievements in the formation of intellectual leaders’ reputation is also highlighted in the article. Despite the limitations of definitions on intellectual leadership it is argued that this concept is related to the organic personality of an intellectual leader (scholar) who acts as organizer of ideas, carries responsibility for academic development and direction in higher education.

HAGGAI AND ZECHARIAH 1-8: DIARCHIC MODEL OF LEADERSHIP IN A REBUILDING PHASE

Yahwists in the post-exilic community in Jerusalem envisioned their future in diverse ways. The books of Haggai and Zechariah 1-8 emphasize that in a rebuilding phase God does not merely use a holy place but also special leaders. These books advocate a diarchic model of leadership in which the responsibilities are shared by a religious leader (Joshua) and a political leader (Zerubbabel). This article focuses on this diarchic model of leadership and offers possible responses to the following questions: What do we know of these two leaders? Why did Joshua need purification (Zech 3)? Who was the most influential leader or was there a balance of leadership? Was there conflict between these leaders? The article concludes with a comparison between the diarchic model of leadership in the post-exilic community in Jerusalem and leadership in the first years of a new democratic South Africa.