Malay Language Research Articles

MALAY OF KUALUH WORD ORDER IN LABUHANBATU UTARA: A STUDY OF SYNTACTIC TYPOLOGY

The word order in the Kualuh Malay language spoken in North Labuhanbatu is the subject of this research, which aims to investigate it. Study In this research, the qualitative research method was utilized. Data for this study came primarily from interviews and participants' own experiences. The clauses or sentences that were discovered in the folklore served as the research's primary source of data. The studies of Miles and Huberman were utilized in order to make sense of the data. The process of assessing the research involved several stages, including data reduction, data display, and extracting conclusions from the data and verifying them. It is possible to draw the conclusion based on the findings of the research that the structure of the sentence patterns used in the Kualuh Malay language spoken in North Labuhanbatu contains VSO, SVO, OSV, VOS, OVS SV, VO, and OV. The word order pattern that should be followed in the declarative clause of a declarative sentence is SC, SVO, OVS. The word order pattern of the clause in this section is V-O and O-V, and it is vital that this pattern be followed. In an interrogative sentence, SV, SVO, VOS, and OSV can be used with nasal-affixed verbs or without them.

Function and Meaning Analysis Use of "Ge" and "De" Particles in the Speech of the Petalangan Community

The existence of particles in a sentence in various languages is very diverse. The function and meaning of particles in one language will be different from other languages. Particles cannot stand alone, they are structural words that only have functions and meanings in certain structures. The Petalangan Malay language uses several particles in interaction or communication. However, this research only discusses ge and de particles in Petalangan language where these particles are more widely used in communication. This study aims to analyze the function and meaning of the use of ge and de particles in the Petalangan language of Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, which presents data based on facts without judging right or wrong. The data used in this research is primary data obtained through field observations with listening, speaking and notetaking techniques. Data analysis is done by using commensurate and agih methods. Based on the result of the research, Petalangan people use particles in communicating in daily life. The particles that are widely used are ge and de particles which function as affirmation in interrogative sentences or question and declarative sentences. The particles ge and de are pronounced with a long and lilting intonation. However, they can also be said with a short intonation if used in a question sentence that does not require an answer. The particles ge and de are placed at the end of the sentence to emphasize the sentence and cannot be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.

DIETARY ADHERENCE COMPONENT OF END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE ADHERENCE QUESTIONNAIRE (ESRD-AQ): TRANSLATION AND VALIDATION

Introduction: A nutritionally balanced diet is crucial among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients to maintain their health status. An appropriate instrument is needed to assess ESRD patients’ adherence towards dietary recommendations. Several questionnaires to measure adherence behaviours of ESRD patients are available but none has ever been translated into the Malay language. Therefore, this study aimed to translate the End-stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD-AQ), focusing on the dietary adherence component, from English to Malay. Methodology: Forward and backward translations of the questionnaire were done involving experts in dietetics and linguistics to produce a pre-harmonized Malay translation and two backward English translations according to established guidelines. An expert committee reviewed these translated questionnaires to produce a harmonized version. This then underwent a pre-test and cognitive interview, as well as face validity assessment, involving 15 hemodialysis patients. The Cronbach’s alpha was also analyzed to assess the internal consistency of the questionnaire. Results: Minor amendments were made to several phrases during the expert committee review to ensure the translated questionnaire was contextually appropriate and culturally adapted in Malay language. All questions in the Malay version of ESRD-AQ achieved a Face Validity Index (FVI) value of 1.00, indicating high validity. Additionally, the questionnaire produced a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.84, which is within the acceptable range. Conclusion: The Malay version of ESRD-AQ (Dietary Adherence Component) underwent translation and validation protocols, the findings of which indicate that it is clear, comprehensible, and reliable for use in assessing dietary adherence among ESRD patients in Malaysia.

An Insight into the Traditional Uses, Phytochemicals, and Pharmacological Properties of Polyalthia bullata King

Abstract: Polyalthia bullata King or Tongkat Ali Hitam, a term in the Malay language, encompasses a diverse group of plants belonging to different genera of the Annonaceae family. The native range of this species is Myanmar to Peninsula Malaysia, Borneo. It is a shrub or tree and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. These plants have been utilized in Malaysia and Southeast Asia as an herbal aphrodisiac. The extracts of this plant have been reported to exert pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and aphrodisiac properties. The therapeutic properties of P. bullata are attributed to the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids. This study thoroughly analyzes the phytochemical and pharmacological research on P. bullata and its traditional medicinal properties. The review aims to provide a critical update on the scientific knowledge of P. bullata and to identify novel possibilities for investigating its therapeutic potential. There is limited scientific research on the phytochemical components and pharmaceutical application of P. bullata. To date, only a few compounds have been identified and isolated. There is a need for future studies to focus on the extraction technology, phytochemical profiling, and isolation of bioactive compounds from P. bullata to fill the research gap as well as to provide an important theoretical basis and valuable references for researchers and pave the way for the discovery and development of new and existing drugs.

The Definition of Malays in Malaysian Legislations: A Historical Perspective

Article 160 of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia defines a Malay as an individual who professes the religion of Islam, habitually speaks the Malay language, and conforms to Malay customs. However, this definition, central to the allocation of certain privileges to the Malays based on their special position as natives in Malaysia, is subject to ongoing debates and challenges. The issue of Malay indigeneity is frequently raised, therefore prompting this study to examine the formation of Malay ethnic identity within Malaysian legislation from the historical perspective. The findings found that the definition of Malays in Article 160 of the Federal Constitution was established based on the parameters outlined in the Federation of Malaya Agreement 1948. Prior to that, the definition of Malays was articulated according to the Malay Reserve Enactments. However, the definition of Malays in the Federal Constitution is more flexible compared to the Malay Reserve Enactments because the requirement of Malay descent is not stated as a condition for determining the characteristics of Malays. Therefore, the definition of Malays in the Federal Constitution has enabled the descendants of other ethnic groups of the Malay Archipelago and foreign ethnic groups who also adhere to the Islamic religion to be considered as Malay together with the original Malay inhabitants in the Malay Peninsula.

The influence of Chinese idioms on the grammar of the modern Malay language

Malaysia is a multiethnic country in Southeast Asia with a population of 33.4 million people, where Chinese make up 22.6%. This article focuses on the grammatical structures that have emerged in the Malay language (ML) as a result of Malay-Chinese language contact. The object of this study is colloquial ML. Previous research has noted that due to the influence of Chinese idioms in "low" spoken varieties of ML, new structures have emerged that break traditional Malay grammar rules. The impact of colloquial and slang forms on modern ML leads to a simplification of its grammatical constructions. It is observed that Chinese idioms primarily influence spoken ML, while in the standard or literary variant, their influence is limited to the lexical sphere. This study examines the usage of such structures in the standard and coloquial variants of modern ML. An analytical approach was applied to analyze data from prescriptive (grammars, dictionaries, textbooks) and descriptive (corpora) sources, as well as conducting experiments with ML speakers. The results of the study indicate that the previously described changes in "low" ML variants have exceeded their boundaries and are actively used in modern colloquial language both orally and in written form. The findings contribute to the analysis of the degree of simplification of grammatical structures in ML due to language contact with other idioms, helping to determine the direction of ML development in terms of the synthesis-analytic spectrum: moving away from the typical Austronesian language structure characterized by rich verbal morphology. The results of the article can be used for developing educational materials and teaching methods for Malay, as well as be useful in studying interference phenomena and language evolution processes.

Perceptions of Students Academy of Language Studies on Malay Language Learning in New Media

The development of information and communication technology has typically made it easier for information that b received quickly through the uses of devices such as laptops or smartphones that have internet access. New media is gaining more attention in society as many parties have opened their eyes to the importance of new media. New media is not only an alternative field of communication, but also of interest to other fields such as education field. New media also serves as a platform that imparts learning knowledge. TikTok and Instagram have become mediums for users to upload learning videos for their followers. This study was conducted to identify and analyze the perceptions of Academy of Language Studies, UiTM students on Malay language learning in new media. This study focuses on students of LG241, which is the Malay Language Professional Communication program. This study used a questionnaire form instrument distributed to 30 students consisting of 17 female students and 13 male students. This study uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory by Davis (1989). This theory emphasizes four factors, namely usability factor, usefulness factor, personal and social network, and relevance. The results of the study found that most students can accept the learning of Malay language in new the media.

HYBRID DISTANCE-STATISTICAL-BASED PHRASE ALIGNMENT FOR ANALYZING PARALLEL TEXTS IN STANDARD MALAY AND MALAY DIALECTS

Parallel texts corpora are essential resources in linguistics and natural language processing, especially in translation and multilingual information retrieval. The publicly available parallel text corpora are limited to certain genres, types and domains. Furthermore, the parallel dialect text is scarce, even though they are important in the analysis and study of a dialect. Collecting parallel dialect text is challenging because dialects typically appear in the form of speech and very limited dialectic texts exist. Moreover, there is no standard orthography in most dialects. The contributions of this paper are threefold. First, the paper describes a methodology in acquiring a parallel text corpus of Standard Malay and Malay dialects, particularly Kelantan Malay and Sarawak Malay. Second, we propose a hybrid of distance based and statistical-based alignment algorithm to align words and phrases the parallel text. The results show that the precision and recall values of the proposed alignment algorithm are more than 95% and better than the state-of the-art GIZA++. Third, the alignment obtained were compared to find out the lexical similarities and differences between Standard Malay and the two studied Malay dialects, contributing valuable insights into the linguistic variations within the Malay language family.

The Evaluation of Augmented Reality Dictionary to Improve English Vocabulary

English is an important subject for scoring in primary and secondary school exams in Malaysia. However, students are exposed to countless grammatical errors and are affected by the dialect they use in daily communication, especially for students who live in Kelantan. They are used to the use of dialect words in daily conversation. Therefore, they faced difficulties in understanding and translating the words from Bahasa Melayu to English. Furthermore, there is a lack of mobile application dictionaries to help primary school students to translate Kelantan’s dialect into English. The objectives of this research are (i) to analyse the needs and requirements to develop an AR mobile application to translate Kelantan’s dialect into English, (ii) to develop an AR mobile application that can look up the meaning of Kelantan’s dialect in English accurately, (iii) to evaluate the usability of the mobile application in terms of compatibility, consistency, flexibility, and learnability, and (iv) to evaluate the effectiveness of the mobile application to improve the vocabulary of the users. ADDIE model has been chosen in this research which consists of five phases involved in completing this research which is: (i) analysis phase, (ii) design phase, (iii) development phase, (iv) implementation phase, and (v) evaluation phase. The main contribution of this research is an AR mobile application Kelantan Dictionary called MyBrainy Kelate for primary school to improve English vocabulary. MyBrainy Kelate will help primary school students who have difficulties translating Kelantan’s dialect words into English words. The usability testing proved that MyBrainy Kelate has met the requirements of usability elements. Meanwhile, the effectiveness testing proves that the application is an effective tool for the user to improve their knowledge of English vocabulary. For future works, the research can be improvised by taking into consideration the game-based learning in the mobile application. The playability test can be conducted to test the playability of the game.

Testing the Feasibility and Acceptability of Using an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot to Promote HIV Testing and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Malaysia: Mixed Methods Study.

The HIV epidemic continues to grow fastest among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Malaysia in the presence of stigma and discrimination. Engaging MSM on the internet using chatbots supported through artificial intelligence (AI) can potentially help HIV prevention efforts. We previously identified the benefits, limitations, and preferred features of HIV prevention AI chatbots and developed an AI chatbot prototype that is now tested for feasibility and acceptability. This study aims to test the feasibility and acceptability of an AI chatbot in promoting the uptake of HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in MSM. We conducted beta testing with 14 MSM from February to April 2022 using Zoom (Zoom Video Communications, Inc). Beta testing involved 3 steps: a 45-minute human-chatbot interaction using the think-aloud method, a 35-minute semistructured interview, and a 10-minute web-based survey. The first 2 steps were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Emerging themes from the qualitative data were mapped on the 4 domains of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and social influence. Most participants (13/14, 93%) perceived the chatbot to be useful because it provided comprehensive information on HIV testing and PrEP (performance expectancy). All participants indicated that the chatbot was easy to use because of its simple, straightforward design and quick, friendly responses (effort expectancy). Moreover, 93% (13/14) of the participants rated the overall chatbot quality as high, and all participants perceived the chatbot as a helpful tool and would refer it to others. Approximately 79% (11/14) of the participants agreed they would continue using the chatbot. They suggested adding a local language (ie, Bahasa Malaysia) to customize the chatbot to the Malaysian context (facilitating condition) and suggested that the chatbot should also incorporate more information on mental health, HIV risk assessment, and consequences of HIV. In terms of social influence, all participants perceived the chatbot as helpful in avoiding stigma-inducing interactions and thus could increase the frequency of HIV testing and PrEP uptake among MSM. The current AI chatbot is feasible and acceptable to promote the uptake of HIV testing and PrEP. To ensure the successful implementation and dissemination of AI chatbots in Malaysia, they should be customized to communicate in Bahasa Malaysia and upgraded to provide other HIV-related information to improve usability, such as mental health support, risk assessment for sexually transmitted infections, AIDS treatment, and the consequences of contracting HIV.

Covid-19 Era Alternative Strategies: Exploring Blended Learning Methods in Malay Language

There are no ending signs when it comes to the spreading of COVID-19 worldwide. The cases were increasing and have caused the students of Higher Education to have their studies to be carried out either in hybrid or blended learning. The COVID-19 during the pandemic had affected many sectors and industries and mainly the education industry. The education sector had faced many impacts. As for the higher education sector, the institution had led to factors such as academic stress, anxiety, loss of concentration, and frustration. Today, COVID-19 is still spreading worldwide and, in our country, as well. Malaysia declared it a pandemic in the early stages, but as time passed, Malaysia declared it an endemic. Blended learning would be among the options to pull through during the COVID-19 era, and it is also an alternative strategy to continue teaching and learning. Blended learning includes face-to-face and online teaching. This benefits the learners with dual instruction and learning strategies and this study shares and discusses the design of a blended learning course in teaching and learning language using the Blended Learning Model by Bath & Brouke (2010). The model contains five phases; planning, designing, implementing, reviewing, and improving. This model applies to the subject of Teaching the Malay Language. These courses were registered as required subjects with a total of 24 third-year students. During the planning phase, questionnaires were used to implement the quantitative methods. In the meantime, qualitative methods are used to analyse the document during design, implementation, review, and improvement. This study revealed a need for blended learning to balance the benefits of face-to-face and online learning. A hybrid learning environment gives students the privilege of understanding and exploring real-world problems through an authentic learning experience and facilitates the online learning experience. This study concludes that COVID-19 has changed instructor teaching strategies to make language teaching more effective.

MODEL OF TEACHING MALAY LANGUAGE TO NON-NATIVE AND FOREIGN SPEAKER

Purpose – This study aims to develop a teaching model of the Malay language for non-native and foreign speakers in schools. Implementing this model can assist educators in teaching the Malay language to students who do not use it as their first language in everyday use. Methodology – This study used a qualitative approach to develop teaching models for non-native and foreign Malay speakers. Interviews were conducted with 27 teachers and 23 stakeholders who are experts in teaching the Malay language, especially in teaching non-native speakers. A prototype model was developed thematically as a result of interviews using ATLAS.ti 22. Further, the prototype model was used by ten teachers from primary, secondary, and international schools in their teaching. Findings – This study has succeeded in developing a model for teaching the Malay language to non-native speakers and foreigners that includes five elements: teaching strategies, individual differences, input, social, and motivation. This model strongly emphasises instruction involving interaction, communication, and bilateral relations as a medium for students’ language acquisition and meaningful input. Verbal interaction between teachers and students can stimulate and improve students’ language skills in learning Malay. Significance – This model can help teachers teach the Malay language to non-native speakers and foreigners with a greater focus onachieving learning objectives. This model is expected to expand the usage, cultivate interest, and facilitate teaching the Malay language in educational institutions.

Psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Illness Cognition Questionnaire among cancer patients in Malaysia

ObjectiveThe Illness Cognition Questionnaire (ICQ) was translated from its original English version to the Malay version for this research, adapted the Malay language version of the ICQ (ICQ-M) for use in cancer patients, and assessed the internal consistency, content, face, construct, convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity of the ICQ-M among a cohort of cancer patients with mixed cancer types in Malaysia.MethodInitially, the ICQ was translated into Malay and back-translated, and its content and face validity were evaluated. Then, 346 cancer patients with various cancer types received the ICQ-M, and its internal consistency, convergent, discriminant, construct, and concurrent validity were evaluated.ResultsThe ICQ-M and its domains had acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach’s α ranging from 0.742 to 0.927. Construct validity assessment demonstrated that the ICQ-M consists of 17 items designated in two domains with good convergent and discriminant validity. The ICQ-M and its domains also had moderate correlations with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II, which denotes that the ICQ-M had acceptable concurrent validity.ConclusionThe ICQ-M had good psychometric properties and is now available to measure the illness cognition of cancer patients in Malaysia.

Aspect-Based Classification and Visualization of Twitter Sentiment Analysis Towards Online Food Delivery Services in Malaysia

Twitter has become a popular platform for the citizens of Malaysia. Twitter’s ease of expressing opinions could be used to evaluate and review Malaysian Online Food Delivery (OFD) providers. Due to competition from other OFDs in Malaysia, companies need to know customer feedback. OFD reviews are unstructured and massive, making comparisons difficult. Next, some websites evaluate OFD yet only consider pricing, delivery time, and customer experience. Customers cannot visualize the comparison based on users’ preferences, bilingual reviews, and less time-consuming to visualize OFD using the website. Thus, this study aims to design a web application system that uses Naïve Bayes to categorize Twitter sentiment analysis (SA) on Malaysia’s best OFD. It is based on customer satisfaction, visualizing the results, developing the system, and evaluating its accuracy, functioning and usability. Users can read about specific OFD by viewing Twitter SA visualization or comparing them directly. Five aspect-based SA types were presented: affordable price, promotion and discount, review rating, delivery time and condition of food delivered. Functionality testing demonstrated the accomplishment of all objectives. The training and testing data could predict OFD’s Twitter sentiment with 71.67% and 76.29% accuracy for English and Bahasa Melayu, respectively. The system’s usability produced a 94.64% average score using System Usability Scale and was considered “excellent”. Thus, it can be concluded that this study can solve the mentioned issues of OFD and ease the aspect-based comparison.

The vitality of Malay Language in North Sumatera, Indonesia

This study aims to describe the vitality level of the Malay language in North Sumatra. This study used a sociolinguistic approach, and quantitative and qualitative data analysis was carried out. Data analysis uses UNESCO references to measure the vitality level of a language. Data were obtained through a questionnaire to 165 respondents and analyzed using a Likert scale. The results show that the level of vitality of the Malay language in North Sumatra is experiencing a decline. This is associated with several findings, namely in terms of transmission, it is in grade 3: threatened with extinction; dwindling number of native speakers; the proportion of speakers is at grade 2: critically endangered; realm of use conditions at grade 3: shrinking realm; the condition of the new domain and media is included in grade 1: minimal; the condition of the availability of teaching materials and literacy is on scale 2: the condition of speakers’ attitudes is on scale 4: indicating that almost all speakers are supportive of maintaining their language; and finally the documentation condition is in category 3: moderate. So, the vitality of the Malay Language is declining.

Exploring Innovation in the Development of Teaching Aids among Prospective Teachers for the Implementation of Assessment of Reading Skills

The use of teaching aids during the teaching and learning process (T&L) is very important for teachers to ensure that the delivery of information related to the subjects taught is more clear, systematic and can be followed by students better. Educators of the 21st century are advised to innovate in developing teaching aids to improve in the Malay language skills continuously as contained in the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2025. The research question of this study is i) what kind of teaching aids are developed by prospective teachers in teaching and learning Malay language?, ii) what is the challenge of developing innovative teaching aids among prospective teachers for teaching and learning the Malay language, and iii) what are the skills of innovation in the development of teaching aids among prospective teachers for teaching and learning the Malay language?. The qualitative survey involved a total of seven prospective Malay Language teachers. The results of the study through interviews and observations found that the development of teaching aids showed that the participants have high skills and knowledge, the participants have creative and innovative skills by combining various materials, can move the T&L process more effectively in developing teaching aids for Malay language and Malay literature. The results of teaching aids innovations that they develop help students to easily understand the topics taught in class. The diversity in the selection of teaching aids in this study can be applied to other subjects in future studies.

PEMINDAHAN GAYA BAHASA ĪJĀZ BERDASARKAN OPERASI PEMINDAHAN EKSPLISITASI KLAUDY DAN KÁROLY [TRANSLATION OF ĪJĀZ LANGUAGE STYLE BASED ON KLAUDY AND KÁROLY'S TRANSFER OPERATIONS

Failure to address the implicit meaning can impact the translation outcomes. A shift in translation from implicit meaning in the source language to explicit meaning in the target language is called explicitation. In Arabic rhetoric, ījāz is one of the language styles that combine multiple meanings with simple words. This linguistic characteristic has the potential to cause a lengthy translation. Experienced or inexperienced translators tend to do explicitation by transferring most of the implicit meanings in the source text into the target text. This study aims to analyze the transfer of the ījāz al-Quran language style to the Malay language based on Klaudy and Károly's Transfer Operations. This study adopted a qualitative method and carried out a content analysis technique to analyze the Quranic ījāz as stated in al-Sayyid al-Husaini’s book. In addition, six Arabic rhetoric books were utilized as supporting sources to screen the data of ījāz through cross-checking techniques. Subsequently, the data were analyzed based on the standard transfer operations proposed by Klaudy and Károly. The research's findings reveal that the most common explicitation strategy that was widely used in this study was lexical addition. It is also found that the operation of grammatical elevation was significantly applied in this study. This operational feature, which raises phrases to clause level, makes this operation easily recognizable. This study also uncovered two new operations in explicitation strategies, namely lexical repetition and addition of dialogue elements. This study reveals the potential approaches that translators can use when interacting with implicit meaning, hence helping to find relevant solutions in dealing with the transfer of implicit meaning, especially from Arabic rhetoric perspective.

Students’ Perceptions Towards the Use of Educational Games in Translation Classroom: An Analysis of 2P1M

This study explores the integration of 2P1M, an online translation game, into a translation classroom to address the challenge of student disengagement and lack of motivation in learning English-Malay translation, specifically with compound words. The primary objective was to assess students’ perceptions of the game’s effectiveness in enhancing engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. The research involved 19 students enrolled in a Translation Theory and Practice (Malay Language) course. A mixed-method approach was used, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection through a questionnaire adapted from Selvi and Çoşan (2018). The survey assessed students’ views on the game, focusing on its impact on participation, enjoyment, and learning retention. Findings indicated that 2P1M positively influenced student engagement, with 84% of respondents agreeing that the game encouraged active participation. Additionally, 89% of students reported that the game was enjoyable and effectively maintained their interest in translation tasks. The game also supported knowledge retention, with 79% of participants affirming its educational value. However, feedback mechanisms were identified as an area for improvement, as only 47% of students felt the game sufficiently helped them correct their mistakes. In conclusion, 2P1M proved to be an effective tool for enhancing motivation and learning in translation classrooms. To maximise its potential, the study recommends improving the feedback provided to students and enhancing the game’s design for a more comprehensive learning experience. These findings offer valuable insights for incorporating gamification in language education.

Use of virtual learning environment in teaching Malay language in national secondary schools

Use of virtual learning environment in teaching Malay language in national secondary schools

Vocabulary Hexagon: A Teaching Tool for Improving the Correct Usage of Verb Vocabularies in Malay Language Writing Skill among Primary School Students

Vocabulary Hexagon: A Teaching Tool for Improving the Correct Usage of Verb Vocabularies in Malay Language Writing Skill among Primary School Students