B2 Treatment Research Articles

RESPONSE OF CUMIN PLANT TO SOME ORGANIC, BIOFERTILIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENTS I. VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND FRUITS YIELD

The effect of farmyard manure (FYM) at 10, 15 and 20 m3/fed E.M. and/or vitamin E or vit. B1 treatments on vegetative growth (plant height, number of branches/plant and dry weight of herb/plant), yield (number of umbels/plant, fruit yield/plant and /fed) of cumin plant were investigated during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at Samalot region (El-Byaho village) - Minia Governorate and Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Fac. of Agric., Minia Univ. All treatments of FYM statistically increased vegetative growth characters and fruit yield as compared with control. The high level of FYM was the most effective in this concern. The treatments of E.M. + vit. B1 followed by E.M. + vit. E, then mineral NPK (full dose) were the best results in increasing all the previous traits. Supplying cumin plants with FYM at 20 m3/fed in combination with E.M. + vitamins (B1 or E) or FYM at 15 m3/fed plus E.M. + vit. B1 resulted overall the highest values of the previous traits.

RESPONSE OF CUMIN PLANT TO SOME ORGANIC, BIOFERTILIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENTS II. ESSENTIAL OIL PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

The effect of farmyard manure (FYM) at 10, 15 and 20 m3/fed. Effective microorganisms (E.M.) and/or vitamin E or vit. B1 treatments on oil production (essential oil % and essential oil yield/plant and /fed) and chemical components (photosynthetic pigments content and NPK %) were investigated during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at Samalot region (El-Byaho village) - Minia Governorate and Laboratory of ornamental plants, Fac. of Agric., Minia Univ. All treatments of FYM statistically increased oil production as well as chemical components as compared with control. The high level of FYM was more effective in this concern. The treatments of E.M. + vit. B1 followed by E.M. + vit. E, then mineral NPK (full dose) gave the best results in increasing all previous traits. Supplying cumin plants with FYM at 20 m3/fed. in combination with E.M. + vitamins (B1 or E) or FYM at 15 m3/fed. plus E.M. + vit. B1 resulted overall the highest values of the previous traits.

Cementless, Fluted, Long-Stem Hemiarthroplasty for Vancouver B2 and B3 Periprosthetic Fractures Around Hip Hemiarthroplasty

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a cementless, modular, fluted, long-stem hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of Vancouver type B2 and B3 periprosthetic femoral fracture around hip hemiarthroplasty. MethodsThis was a retrospective case-control study comparing 46 patients revised to hemiarthroplasty (HA group) and 31 revised to total hip arthroplasty (THA group). Functional outcome was evaluated by the Merle d’Aubigné score, and the Katz scale based on activities of daily living. Comorbidity was assessed by the Charlson index, and cognitive function by a mini-mental test score. Radiological evaluation was also performed. ResultsMean postoperative follow-up was 3.3 (range, 2-4) years in the HA group and 3.9 (range, 2-5) in the THA group. The need for transfusion and hospital stay were significantly higher in the THA group. Postoperatively, both groups had a significant decrease in mean hip function (P = .001) although the mean Merle (P = .121) and Katz (P = .214) scores were similar at final follow-up. Likewise, there were no significant differences between groups in pain or loss of life independence. All fractures were united but one in the HA group. There were no dislocations in the HA group, and 3 in the THA group. ConclusionThe management of Vancouver B2 and B3 periprosthetic femoral fracture around hemiarthroplasties with a long-stem revision cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty, supplemented with wire cerclages and cancellous allograft, was an effective option in terms of fracture healing and stability of the implant with a low rate of complications. Nevertheless, a significant functional impairment was also observed in either group.

Evaluating effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on the radiation use efficiency and yield of soybean (Glycine max) under water deficit stress condition

The application of soil microorganisms in the agroecosystems is one of possibility that improve crops yield via increase resources use efficiency and capture capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate ecophysiological traits such as radiation absorption and use efficiency, and yield of soybean under the water deficit stress and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) application conditions. Treatments evaluated in the study were contribution of different irrigation regimes including the water deficit stress from mid pod to maturity stages (I1), the water deficit stress from grain filling to maturity stages (I2) and optimum irrigation in all development stages (I3), and the PGPR application including uninoculated control (B1), Bacillus subtilis (B2) and Bacillus licheniformis (B3). The water deficit stress reduced all measured traits of soybean significantly. In all irrigation regimes, the highest and the lowest measured traits were observed in the B. licheniformis application and uninoculated control, respectively. The greatest effects of the PGPR inoculated observed for grain yield (22.9%) followed by protein content (18.8%) and radiation use efficiency (15.2%), respectively, in the I2 treatment than other irrigation regimes. The PGPR application increased significantly leaf area index (13.2%), total dry weight (13.0%), radiation use efficiency (15.2%), grain yield (13.1%) and oil (9.2%) and protein (9.6%) content in B3 compared to B1 treatments. The greatest effects of PGPR were observed in the I2 treatment compared to other treatments. The PGPR could promote soybean yield under the water deficit stress via increasing of photosynthesis and radiation use efficiency.

Contrasting effects of banana peels waste and its biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and soil biochemical properties

The huge quantity of banana peels waste from juice industries and fruit markets every day is indicating a potential bio-resource which is major task for environment safety. It can be converted into useful material instead of being dumped in landfill site, and reduce the environment and economic problems. In this study, we compared the influence of banana peels waste and its biochar on greenhouse gas emissions, soil enzyme activities and chemical properties of soil at 90 days incubation period. There were five treatments of amendments: no amendment (Control), banana peel 1% (P1), banana peel 2% (P2), biochar 1% (B1) and biochar 2% (B2). Results indicated that biochar amendment significantly decreased cumulative nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (37.1%–54.8%), whereas banana peels amendment did not significantly decrease cumulative N2O emissions (1.3%–5.3%) as compared to control. Biochar application decreased the soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) with an increasing rate. Cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for B1 and B2 treatments decreased 20.0% and 24.0% in comparison to the banana peel amendment, respectively. Cumulative methane (CH4) emissions were higher in peel waste than biochar amendment. Soil enzyme activities (urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase) were significantly increased by biochar amendment. In contrast, banana peel amendment increased soil ammonium nitrogen, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), β-glucosidase and urease activities. We concluded that banana peels waste conversion to biochar should be an alternate method of disposal since its application resulted in the reduced greenhouse gas emissions and improved the soil biochemical properties. This biochar should be further tested under field conditions to confirm the potential for mitigating of GHG emissions and soil biochemical properties.

PEMANFAATAN KULTUR BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT (BAL) Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophilus DALAM PEMBUATAN LULUR

The majority of body scrub that are distributed in the market contain paraben. Paraben is a type chemicals that are safe to use in the appropriate amount. But it could cause skin irritation. This research was conducted to know the durability from natural body scrub by yogurt and rice flour without chemical preservative and safe for skin. The research methods are comparison of the use of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus with concentration 25:25; 30:20; 20:30. The yogurt will be mixed with rice flour and the treatment control using factory yogurt with concentration of rice flour comparing with yogurt namely 10:14; 10:16; 10:18. This product was tested to 50 panelists. This product was kept in room temperature ±28oC for a month and conducted the identification of microbial impurities that contaminate the product with Gram staining method and catalase test. Data was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Starter with different comparison 25:25, 30:20; 20:30 are not making real difference. All of the treatment produce yogurt with typical aroma of yogurt, white colored, and soft texture. The formula in K2 (10:16) treatment with the highest average that obtained 3.38 (very like) in color parameter and 3.08 (very like) in texture parameter. Although in aroma parameter the average value that obtained is 2.79 (like). In A1, A2, and B2 treatment had the highest durability percentage that obtained 83,3% and the lowest was shown in K1 and K3 treatment that obtained 0%. Microbial impurities that identified was bacteria from Genus Bacillus and Genus Streptobacillus, fungal impurities from Genus Aspergillus, Rhizopus, and Trichoderma.
 
 Keywords : lactic Acid bacteria, yogurt, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, body scrub

Laboratory Evaluation of The Selected Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria Against Larval and Pupal Stages of Spodoptera litura L

In the present study, efficacy of selected entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria against Spodoptera litura were evaluated. The study used two life phase of the insect, third to fourth larval and pupal stages. Evaluation on larval stage used larvae-dipping method while soil premixing method was used in efficacy test against S. litura pupae. Spore solution of five entomopathogenic fungals (Paecilomyces sp, Beauveria bassiana, T2B, B2 and T4B), cell suspension of 1 entomopathogenic bacteria (Serratia sp.) and suspension solution of consortium between T2B and Serratia sp. were used. Evaluation on larval stage showed the highest mortality was found in B2 treatment (70%), followed by Serratia sp. (60%) and consortium (50%) treatment. While on S. litura pupal stage evaluation, consortium treatment resulted in 62,5% of tested pupae failed to become adult moth. Other treatments on pupal stage evaluation showed under 40% failure transformation to adult stage.

Risk Factors for Subsidence of Modular Fluted Tapered Stems Used During Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Hip Fractures

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to review Vancouver B2 and B3 periprosthetic hip fractures treated with uncemented modular fluted tapered stems to analyze survivorship, risk factors for stem subsidence, and clinical outcomes. MethodsWe identified 61 Vancouver B2 and B3 periprosthetic hip fractures treated with modular fluted tapered implants. Survivorship, radiographic outcomes, and clinical outcomes were assessed. The mean age at the time of surgery was 72 years, mean body mass index was 30, and mean follow-up was 4.5 years (range, 2-10 years). ResultsSurvivorship free of reoperation or implant revision at 5 years was 89% and 93%, respectively. Eight (13%) stems subsided a mean distance of 18 ± 8 mm (range, 8-28 mm). Stem subsidence was not correlated with age, gender, Vancouver fracture classification, stem bypass, stem length, or stem diameter. Subsidence was correlated with Dorr C type femora (50% vs 7%, 95% confidence interval 9%-72%; P = .007) and strut grafting (50% vs 9%, 95% confidence interval 6%-70%; P = .01). All cases of subsidence stabilized without revision. Subsidence was not correlated with nonunion, reoperation, revision, or a clinical outcome. ConclusionsModular fluted tapered stems had excellent survivorship free of reoperation and implant revision when used for the treatment of Vancouver B2 and B3 periprosthetic femur fractures. Poor bone morphology and the use of strut grafts, both proxies for compromised bone stock and distal fracture patterns, were correlated with stem subsidence. All subsided stems stabilized, and noted subsidence did not portend a worse clinical outcome. Level of EvidenceLevel III, retrospective cohort.

The role of bradykinin receptor type 2 in spontaneous extravasation in mice skin: implications for non-allergic angio-oedema.

Non-allergic angio-oedema is a life-threatening disease mediated by activation of bradykinin type 2 receptors (B2 receptors). The aim of this study was to investigate whether activation of B2 receptors by endogenous bradykinin contributes to physiological extravasation. This may shed new light on the assumption that treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) results in an alteration in the vascular barrier function predisposing to non-allergic angio-oedema. We generated a new transgenic mouse model characterized by endothelium-specific overexpression of the B2 receptor (B2tg ) and established a non-invasive two-photon laser microscopy approach to measure the kinetics of spontaneous extravasation in vivo. The B2tg mice showed normal morphology and litter size as compared with their transgene-negative littermates (B2n ). Overexpression of B2 receptors was functional in conductance vessels and resistance vessels as evidenced by B2 receptor-mediated aortic dilation to bradykinin in presence of non-specific COX inhibitor diclofenac and by significant hypotension in B2tg respectively. Measurement of dermal extravasation by Miles assay showed that bradykinin induced extravasation was significantly increased in B2tg as compared with B2n . However, neither endothelial overexpression of B2 receptors nor treatment with the ACEi moexipril or B2 antagonist icatibant had any effect on spontaneous extravasation measured by two-photon laser microscopy. Activation of B2 receptors does not appear to be involved in spontaneous extravasation. Therefore, the assumption that treatment with an ACEi results in an alteration in the physiological vascular barrier function predisposing to non-allergic angio-oedema is not supported by our findings.

Effects of different mulching and drip irrigation patterns on photosynthetic characteristics of maize leaves in the Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia, China

Photosynthesis controls crop growth and yield, and differences in planting methods and soil moisture can significantly affect the photosynthetic characteristics of crops. Grain filling stage and milking stage are two important stages of maize from flowering to maturity, which are essential for maize grain formation and dry matter accumulation. The effects of different mulching and drip irrigation patterns on the photosynthetic characteristics and maize yield at grain filling and milking stages were investigated in a field experiment in the Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia. Maize leaf photosynthesis during the grain filling stage was not significantly different under the different treatments. During the milking stage, photosynthetic and transpiration rates under both partial (B2) and full (Q2) film mulching with drip irrigation level 2 (350 mm) were significantly higher than those in both the partial (B1) and full (Q1) film mulching with drip irrigation level 1 (200 mm). Photosynthetic and transpiration rates, water use efficiency and stomatal conductance under the B1 and Q1 treatments were significantly higher in the grain filling stage than in the milking stage. Diurnal variations in photosynthetic and transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency of maize leaves during the grain filling and milking stages were synchronous and showed an upside-down "U" pattern, but the intercellular CO2 concentration showed the opposite pattern. Stepwise regression analysis showed that photosynthetically active radiation, air temperature and relative humidity were the main environmental factors influencing photosynthetic characteristics of maize leaves under the different mulching and drip irrigation treatments. In addition, maize yield was significantly higher under the B2 and the Q2 treatments than under the B1 and Q1(increase of 29.3% and 50.9%, respectively), but no significant differences were found between the B1 and Q1 treatments, indicating that drip irrigation level affects the yield of maize and its photosynthetic capacity more than mulching mode in arid regions.

Influence of a tropical grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Mulato) as cover crop on soil biochemical properties in a degraded agricultural soil

The inclusion of tropical grass forage as a cover crop (CC) could be a useful tool to improve microbiological activity and, consequently, soil quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Mulato and maize (Zea mays) as CC on soil microbial communities and their contributions to a degraded common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). monoculture system. Soil sampling was carried out in 2016 after six years of cumulative effect across different treatments: B. brizantha-B. brizantha-common bean (B2), B. brizantha-common bean (B1), maize-common bean (M) and common bean monoculture (control). B2 and B1 showed higher fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (108.1% and 78.6%, respectively) and higher acid phosphatase activity (304.5% and 181.6%, respectively) compared with the control treatment. The metabolic efficiency was higher in treatments containing B. brizantha as CC, with a significantly lower metabolic quotient (respiration rate per unit microbial biomass carbon) in B2 (1.65) compared with the control (5.46). The B2 treatment also showed higher values of soil organic carbon, which was correlated with soil microbial activities. In contrast, qPCR analysis of microbial structure did not show significant differences in response to the evaluated treatments. Thus, fungal and bacterial abundance probably had less influence on the differentiation of treatments compared to microbial activity and soil chemical properties. In context of this research, the use of B. brizantha as CC increased soil fertility and generated a greater microbial metabolic efficiency. Our research demonstrates that B. brizantha cv. Mulato as CC is a suitable agricultural tool to restore soil biochemical properties.

EFFECT OF SOME ORGANIC NUTRIENTS AND NPK ON GROWTH PROPERTIES AND LEAVES CONTENTOF SOME NUTRIENTS OF GRAPE TRANSPLANTS CV. SUMMER ROYAL

This research was carried out in the nursery of the University of Baghdad- Al-Jadireya during the growing seasons of 2015 and 2016 t0 investigate the effects of two organic fertilizers; root stimulator(Essential plus 1-0-1) and Acadian extraction seaweed as well as NPK on the vegetative growth traits and some nutrient elements content in the leaves of grape transplants cv. Summer Royal. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design(RCBD) with three replications. The experiment included 12 treatments, the first factor (organic nutrient) included adding the root stimulator to the soil at 4 ml.L-1 (A1), spraying the substance of the seaweed at 1 gm.L-1 (A2), and the interaction (A3), control (A0), and the second factor was spraying with mineral fertilizer TOTAL GRO (NPK) with three concentrations 0, 1.5, 3 g.L-1 marked as B0, B1, B2. The organic nutrient A3 significantly increased the leaf area chlorophyll, nitrogen phosphorus and potassium in the leaves as (32.76, 29.73%), (82.40,76.56%) (30.35, 23.59%), (56.17, 35.34%) and (26.73, 46.17%) for the two season respectily. B2 and B1 treatment were significantly influenced all the measured characteristics as compared to the control treatment, B2 treatment gave the maximum results in increasing the leaf area (48.75 ,50.91%)، leaves chlorophyll content (43.04 ,68.72%) nitrogen (17.22,11.48%)، phosphorus (26.7, 30.17%) and potassium (19.80 ,23.59%) for the two seasons,The maximum values were reached with significant changes in the all measured characteristics as compared to the control treatment at the interaction of the organic nutrient with the mineral fertilization especially A3B2 for the two seasons.We can conclude we can conclude that organic nutrition has positively affected the vegetative growth traits and leaves content of nutrients of Grape transplants cv. Summer Royal.

EFFECT OF TWO ORGANIC NUTRIENTS AND NPK ON SOME VEGETATIV GROWTH TRAITS AND ROOT OF GRAPE TRANSPLANTS CV. SUMMER ROYAL

This research was conducted at the university of the University of Baghdad / Al-Jadireya during the seasons of 2016 to study the effects of applying the root stimulator Essential plus 1-0-1 and spraying of the Acadian seaweed and fertilizer (NPK) and their effects on the vegetative and root growth of grape transplants cv. Summer Royal. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design with three replications .The experiment included 12 treatments, the first treatment (organic nutriment) (A0), included adding the root stimulator (Essential plus 1-0-1) to the soil with 4 ML.L-1 (A1) spraying the substance of the seaweed (Acadian) with of 1 g.L-1 (A2), and interaction (A3) and the second treatment was spraying with mineral fertilizer NPK (TOTAL GRO) with three concentrations (0,1.5,3 g.L-1) and were designated as B0,B1,B2.The organic nutrient treatment A3 significantly influenced all the measured characteristics as compared to the control treatment, as an increase of 84.38 % was achieved and 150 % for the leaf area of the transplant and the free amino acids, and root growth characteristics, as the length of the roots(39.26 %) and diameter of the roots (68.26%), as well as the surface area(26.04%) and the dry weight of the roots (48.71%).The mineral fertilization B1 and the B2 significantly impacted all the measured characteristics as compared with control , as the B2 treatment gave the maximum results in increasing the leaf area of the transplant (48.75) and the free amino acids (62.82%) and the root length (31.03%) and the roots diameter (57.05%) and the surface area of the roots (20.07%) and the dry weight of the roots (24.26%). A significant im provment was achieved in the vegetative and root growth characteristics by using organic nutriment with the mineral fertilization fcr grape transplants.

Bioslurry phase remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil using potato peels powder through biosurfactant producing Bacillus licheniformis J1

Soil contamination due to petroleum oil has become significant ecological issue due to their toxicity. Thus, detoxification of petroleum-contaminated soil is of pressing concern. In this study, bench-scale bioslurry experiment was carried for remediation and detoxification of petroleum-contaminated soil. Potato peels powder was used as organic nutrient source in the slurry for biostimulation purpose, while biosurfactant producing Bacillus licheniformis strain J1 identified through molecular approach is used as inocula in the slurry treatment. The strain J1 has the capability to utilized petroleum as carbon source, but its efficiency increase in the presence of potato peels powder. Bioslurry phase experiment was categorized into four groups based on the treatment, such as B0 (soil + H2O), B1 (soil + petroleum oil + H2O), B2 (soil + petroleum oil + strain J1 + H2O), B3 (soil + petroleum oil + potato peels powder + strain J1 + H2O). After 90 days of treatment, the soils from each treatment were subjected to toxicity analysis using earth worm acute toxicity test and seed germination inhibition assay. The results suggest that in B1 treatment the toxicity effect on germination and seedling growth is highest, while decrease in effect was observed in case of B2 and B3 treatment. Results of earthworm acute toxicity test revealed that 30 ± 5% earthworm survival rates was reported in B1 treatment, whereas 71.6 ± 2.8 and 78.3 ± 2.8% was observed in B2 and B3 treatment, respectively. Hence, the result of the present study signifies that bioslurry phase treatment can be effectively and commercially used for detoxification petroleum-contaminated wastelands.

Response of capsicum to boron and zinc application in terrace soils of Gazipur, Bangladesh

A field experiment was conducted at vegetables research field of Horticulture Research Centre, Gazipur in terrace soils under Madhupur Tract (AEZ 28) during rabi seasons of 2009-10, 2010-11and 2011-12 to determine the optimum dose of boron and zinc for yield maximization of capsicum. There were sixteen treatment combinations comprising four levels each of B (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg ha-1) and Zn (0, 2, 3 and 4 kg ha-1) along with blanket dose of N150P65K120S20 kg ha-1 including cow dung 10 t ha-1 were used. The experiment was laid out in RCBD factorial with three replications. Results revealed that maximum mean number of fruits per plant (11.1), the highest fruit length (9.29 cm) and diameter (7.34 cm), maximum individual weight of fruits (122 g) were recorded from the combination treatment of B2.0Zn3.0 and the highest mean yield (31.8 t ha-1) was also recorded from the same treatment. The 84.8% yield increase over control (B0Zn0) due to combined application of B2.0Zn3.0 kg ha-1. The combined application of zinc and boron were observed superior to their single application. Therefore, the combination of B2.0Zn3.0 treatment may be considered as suitable dose for capsicum cultivation in terrace soils of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 43-52, March 2017

Chemosensitizing Effect of Saikosaponin B on B16F10 Melanoma Cells

ABSTRACTCancer cell resistance to chemotherapy is one of the obstacles for better cancer treatment, and inflammatory signaling pathways, such as NF-κB signaling pathway, have been recognized to be involved in such chemoresistance. In this study, we aim to identify a new approach for overcoming cancer chemoresistance by using natural compounds. As a result of screening by using Murine B16F10 melanoma cell line constitutively expressing NF-κB luciferase reporter gene, we identified Saikosaponin B2 as an effective inhibitor for etoposide-induced NF-κB activation in B16F10NFkB cells. Saikosaponin B2 sensitized etoposide-induced cell death in B16F10 melanoma cells through the induction of apoptosis. Along with apoptosis induction, we observed an induction of γ-H2AX expression, which is a molecular signature for DNA damage, upon the combination treatment of etoposide and Saikosaponin B2. Among Saikosaponin family compounds, we found that Saikosaponin B1, but not Saikosaponin A, sensitized etoposide-induced cytotoxicity implicating the structural requirement of Saikosaponin B for such chemosensitization. By testing the combination of Saikosaponin B1 and B2 with 9 clinical anticancer drugs, Saikosaponin B showed a certain preference in the combination with those tested anticancer drugs. Collectively, we conclude Saikosaponin B can be an attractive adjuvant for enhancing the clinical effect of cancer chemotherapy.

二种交配型球孢白僵菌对亚洲玉米螟的生态控制作用

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 二种交配型球孢白僵菌对亚洲玉米螟的生态控制作用 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201508081673 作者: 作者单位: 哈尔滨师范大学,吉林省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部东北作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/吉林省农业微生物重点实验室,吉林省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部东北作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/吉林省农业微生物重点实验室,吉林省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部东北作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/吉林省农业微生物重点实验室,吉林省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部东北作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/吉林省农业微生物重点实验室,东北师范大学草地科学研究所,哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,吉林省农业科学院/农业部东北作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/吉林省农业微生物重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 黑龙江自然科学基金项目（C201307）；吉林省科技厅重大科技攻关项目（20140203006NY） Ecological control of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) by two cloned Beauveria bassiana strains Author: Affiliation: Harbin Normal University,,,,,,,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture/Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:利用生物种间互做关系抑制农业害虫的暴发是生物防治的重要手段。为探讨二种交配型内共生球孢白僵菌与玉米之间的互惠关系及其形成的共生体在亚洲玉米螟控制中的生态效应，以玉米为宿主植物，以球孢白僵菌孢子悬浮液进行灌根，在温室内构建了二种交配型（MAT1-1-1型，B5；MAT1-2-1型，B2）球孢白僵菌-玉米共生体，并研究了共生体对玉米的生长、对亚洲玉米螟的产卵选择和幼虫发育及其对球孢白僵菌生物学特性的影响。结果显示：通过叶片离体培养、ITS基因和交配型基因MAT检测，均能检测到白僵菌的内生定殖；MAT1-2-1型B2菌株定殖检出率高，MAT1-1-1型B5菌株在混合型接种中定殖有优势。回收后的球孢白僵菌菌落直径和毒力无显著性变化，但其产孢量都显著提高其中回收B5处理组来源菌株的产孢量提高最显著。接种过球孢白僵菌的玉米植株地上部生长速度、生物量和地下根系生物量均优于对照组，其中根系干重明显增加，而地上植株干重也相对增加。MAT1-1-1型菌株B5对共生体玉米植株地上高度促生长贡献明显；MAT1-2-1型菌株B2对共生体玉米植株地下干重增加贡献明显。总体上球孢白僵菌内生定殖对玉米地下根系生物量影响大于对地上植株生物量的影响。在产卵选择性试验中，各处理组亚洲玉米螟的产卵量显著少于对照组。共生体对亚洲玉米螟产卵具有明显的趋避作用，MAT1-2-1型菌株B2对产卵的趋避作用明显，而MAT1-2-1型菌株B5的趋避作用较弱。在人工接种幼虫的试验中，处理组回收的亚洲玉米螟幼虫存活率均显著低于对照组，其中，B5组回收幼虫的存活率最低，仅为38.33%；处理组的化蛹率与对照组差异不显著，但B5组的回收幼虫化蛹率显著低于B2组和对照组，仅为34.77%，这说明MAT1-1-1型B5菌株对玉米螟幼虫发育抑制最明显。上述结果表明，不同交配型球孢白僵菌内生定殖效率有差异，在经过内生定殖后在产孢量方面有显著性提高，两个交配型菌株在联合应用时具有协同增效作用；两个交配型菌株均能够通过内生定殖与玉米形成共生体并促进玉米植株的生长，这显示球孢白僵菌和玉米之间已经建立具有互惠关系的共生体。这种共生体通过趋避亚洲玉米螟产卵、抑制幼虫存活和降低化蛹率等方面的潜力虽然不一样，但都有助于对亚洲玉米螟的可持续生态防治，也证明了共生体的建成有效提高了玉米的生态适应性，为利用球孢白僵菌内共生性实施亚洲玉米螟防控提供了新思路。 Abstract:Ecological control methods are important for controlling agricultural pests. The Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), has been an extremely serious pest, that cause severe reduction in corn yields. The ubiquitous entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has been used to suppress populations of the European corn borer (ECB), O. nubilalis, and ACB globally. Most studies have focused on the application of B. bassiana, with limited studies on the relationship between the fungus, corn, and insects. Our previous research indicated that B. bassiana with two mating-gene types, MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1, could colonize corn. These mating-type genes had mutation sites cloned from endophytic fungal strains, which revealed corn plants and insects could impact fungal evolution. The purpose of the present study was to create endophytic symbiosis and determine the interaction among B. bassiana (entophytic fungus), corn plants, and ACB. We created a B. bassiana-corn endophytic symbiosis by inoculating two mating-gene type B. bassiana strains (MAT1-1-1 type B5 and MAT1-2-1 type B2) into corn plants in a suspension with a concentration of 1×107 spores/mL. The effect of endophytic symbiosis on the growth of corn plants, oviposition preference of ACB adults, development of ACB larvae, and biological variation of B. bassiana were evaluated in the greenhouse. The results showed that endophytic B. bassiana could be detected from corn leaves in vitro by culture. ITS and mating-type gene amplification and sequencing confirmed the successful creation of endophytic symbiosis. The MAT1-2-1 type B2 treatment group showed a higher endophytic detection rate than MAT1-1-1 type B5, whereas MAT1-1-1 type B5 was more successful during co-inoculation than MAT1-2-1 type B2. The variation of the colony diameter and virulence of the recovered B. bassiana were not significant, but the sporulation quantity improved significantly, and the EN-B5 strain (recovered from the B5 treatment) changed the most obviously. The height of corn plants and dried biomass of treatment groups were higher than the CK group, while the underground root biomass significantly improved. The B5 strain contributed more to above-ground plant height and the B2 strain contributed more to underground root biomass. ACB moths were released into nylon-meshed cages. Egg quantity showed a significant difference in all treatment groups, which was lower than that in the CK group. Egg fecundity rate in the B2 group was 3.33%, but 53.33% in the CK group; therefore, the B2-corn endophytic symbiosis group was not the preferred host for ACB egg laying. The ACB larval survival rate and weight in treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the CK group. The ACB pupation rate of treatment groups was not significantly lower than that of the CK group, but there was a significant difference between B5 and B2 groups; the B5 group had the lowest survival (38.33%) and pupation rates (34.77%). These results demonstrated that the sporulation quantity of the recovered B. bassiana strains significantly improved, and the synergism of the two strains with different mating-type genes was shown. The two B. bassiana mating-types could colonize in corn plants and mutualistic endophytic symbiosis was formed, which reinforced corn growth and improved the resistance against pests. B. bassiana-corn endophytic symbiosis is important for the sustainable management of pests by inhibiting oviposition and suppressing larval and pupal development. The results also proved that mutualistic symbiosis could improve the ecological adaptability of B. bassiana and corn, which offered a new strategy for ACB control using endophytic symbiosis through the application of B. bassiana. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (CERK1) is required for the non-host defense response of Arabidopsis to Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. cubense

Banana wilt disease is a typical vascular disease caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense 4 (Foc 4). Pattern recognition receptors in the plant cell membrane can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to activate multi-layer defense responses, including defense gene expression, stomatal closure, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and callose deposition, to limit pathogen growth. In the present study, we found that chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (CERK1) was required for the non-host resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to Foc B2 (a strain of Foc 4). The cerk1 mutant had weaker defense responses after Foc B2 treatment, including lower expression of PAMP- and salicylic acid-responsive genes, no stomatal closure, lower ROS level and less callose deposition, than that of the wild-type plant. Consistent with this, the cerk1 mutant plants exhibited higher susceptibility to non-host pathogen Foc B2. These results suggest the crucial importance of CERK1 in Foc B2-triggered non-host resistance.

Long term repeated fire disturbance alters soil bacterial diversity but not the abundance in an Australian wet sclerophyll forest.

Effects of fire on biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystem are widely acknowledged, while few studies have focused on the bacterial community under the disturbance of long-term frequent prescribed fire. In this study, three treatments (burning every two years (B2), burning every four years (B4) and no burning (B0)) were applied for 38 years in an Australian wet sclerophyll forest. Results showed that bacterial alpha diversity (i.e. bacterial OTU) in the top soil (0–10 cm) was significantly higher in the B2 treatment compared with the B0 and B4 treatments. Non-metric multidimensional analysis (NMDS) of bacterial community showed clear separation of the soil bacterial community structure among different fire frequency regimes and between the depths. Different frequency fire did not have a substantial effect on bacterial composition at phylum level or bacterial 16S rRNA gene abundance. Soil pH and C:N ratio were the major drivers for bacterial community structure in the most frequent fire treatment (B2), while other factors (EC, DOC, DON, MBC, NH4+, TC and TN) were significant in the less frequent burning and no burning treatments (B4 and B0). This study suggested that burning had a dramatic impact on bacterial diversity but not abundance with more frequent fire.

Antiobesity activity of Moringa oleifera leaves against high fat diet-induced obesity in rats

Background: Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat is accumulated to an extent that health may be negatively affected. The current study was constructed to evaluate the efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf powder in management of obesity induced by high cholesterol diet in rats. Methods: It was an animal (experimental) study and was carried out in the department of pharmacology and therapeutics at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka in collaboration with Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka from January 2009 to December 2009 for a period of one year. 24 Adult male long Evans rats were taken as experimental animal and were grouped as group A and group B. Group A consists of 6 rats (lean control) treated with normal diet without any drugs for 49 days. Group B were treated with high fat diet for 14 days then divided into three groups B1, B2 and B3. Group B1 (obese control) received high fat diet without any drugs for 49 days. Group B2 rats were treated with Moringa Oleifera leaf powder in single dosage of 50 mg/day/ rat orally for 35 days with high fat diet. Group B3 rats were treated with Moringa Oleifera leaf powder in b.d dosage of 50 mg/day/rat orally for 35 days with high fat diet. These animals were assigned as Moringa Oleifera treatment group. Results: The results revealed chronic administration of high fat diet in rats led to an increase in body weight that is in group B1 significant increase in thoracic (TC) and abdominal (AC) circumferences as well as body mass index (BMI) in obese group. On the other side, in group B2 treatment with Moringa oleifera leaf powder in single dose reduce food intake and BMI in obese groups. Group B3 treatment with Moringa oleifera leaf powder in b.d. dose resulted in significant decrease in BMI compared to obese control group. Conclusions: The data of the current study provides experimental evidence for the anti-obesity effect of Moringa oleifera ethanol extract. Thus, present findings reinforce the advice recommending consumption of Moringa oleifera to modulate obesity.