B-lines as typical artefacts of lung ultrasound are considered as surrogate measurement for extravascular lung water. However, B-lines develop in the sub-pleural space and do not allow assessment of the whole lung. Here, we present data from the first observational multi-centre study focusing on the correlation between a B-lines score and extravascular lung water in critically ill patients suffering from a variety of diseases. In 184 adult patients, 443 measurements were obtained. B-lines were counted and expressed in a score which was compared to extravascular lung water, measured by single-indicator transpulmonary thermodilution. Appropriate correlation coefficients were calculated and receiver operating characteristics (ROC-) curves were plotted. Overall, B-lines score was correlated with body weight-indexed extravascular lung water characterized by r=.59. The subgroup analysis revealed a correlation coefficient in patients without an infection of r=.44, in those with a pulmonary infection of r=.75 and in those with an abdominal infection of r=.23, respectively. Using ROC-analysis the sensitivity and specificity of B-lines for detecting an increased extravascular lung water (>10mL/kg) was 63% and 79%, respectively. In patients with a P/F ratio <200mmHg, sensitivity and specificity to predict an increased extravascular lung water was 71% and 93%, respectively. Assessment of B-lines does not accurately reflect actual extravascular lung water. In presence of an impaired oxygenation, B-lines may reliably indicate increased extravascular lung water as cause of the oxygenation disorders.