ABSTRACT The harsh climate, land degradation, and poor resources are the principal causes of low productivity in the rainfed areas. A field experiment was conducted during the rainy and winter seasons of 2010–2015 (6 years) on maize‐horsegram cropping sequence to study the effect of soil amendment with tank silt, integrated use of chemical fertilizers and organic manure, and biofertilizers application on productivity, profitability, and changes in soil properties in degraded Alfisols of southern India. A total of 12 treatments were applied viz., T 1 = Control, T 2 = Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), T 3 = 75% RDF + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Azotobacter (AZ), T 4 = 75% RDF + Farm yard manure (FYM) @ 5 Mg ha −1 , T 5 = 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 Mg ha −1 + PSB + AZ, T 6 = 75% RDF + Tank Silt 30 Mg ha −1 (Once in 3 years), T 7 = 75% RDF + Tank Silt 30 Mg ha −1 + PSB + AZ, T 8 = 50% RDF + PSB + AZ, T 9 = 50% RDF + FYM @ 5 Mg ha −1 , T 10 = 50% RDF + FYM @ 5 Mg ha −1 + PSB + AZ, T 11 = 50% RDF + Tank Silt 30 Mg ha −1 , T 12 = 50% RDF + Tank Silt 30 Mg ha −1 + PSB + AZ. Significantly higher system yield (Mg ha −1 ) was observed in 75% RDF + tank silt + PSB + AZ (5.5) and 75% RDF + FYM + PSB + AZ (5.4) treatments compared to control and RDF. The performance of the maize crop during the rainy season, especially in the years with a higher number of dry spells, was better in the tank silt applied plots compared to the plots without tank silt application. The average maize yields under 75% RDF + tank silt + PSB + AZ were higher than the treatments 75% RDF + PSB + AZ and 75% RDF + FYM + PSB + AZ by 17.5% and 4.4%, respectively. Significantly higher uptake of N (100.9 kg ha −1 ), P (32.0 kg ha −1 ), and K (119.8 kg ha −1 ) in maize was found in 75% RDF + tank silt + PSB + AZ. Higher crop response ratio (CRR) was recorded in 50% RDF + tank silt with biofertilizers treatment (31.19 kg yield kg −1 nutrient applied). Higher partial factor productivity for NPK (PFPf) was observed in 50% RDF + tank silt with or without biofertilizers treatments (40.7 kg yield kg −1 fertilizer nutrients applied). Significantly higher gross return (₹49,535 ha −1 ), net return (₹32,519 ha −1 ) and B:C ratio (2.91) were observed in 75% RDF + FYM + PSB + AZ, which were very closely followed by 75% RDF + tank silt + PSB + AZ with ₹49,478 ha −1 , ₹32,212 ha −1 and 2.87, respectively. Addition of tank silt once in 3 years not only increased the soil available N, P, K contents (with maximum contents of 163, 19.9, and 173 kg ha −1 , respectively) under 50% RDF + tank silt with or without biofertilizers, but also increased their availability to plants, which was reflected in nutrient uptake by maize. Thus, tank silt soil amendment can be a viable option to improve system productivity in light‐textured poor soils of semiarid tropics.

The experiment evaluated different levels of recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF), farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost, and biofertilizers like Azotobacter (AZB) and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) in custard apple cv. Arka Sahan. Treatment 75% RDF + VC @ 2 kg/plant + AZB + PSB (T9) showed the highest plant height (400 cm), plant spread (East-West 409.96 cm, North-South 481.36 cm), number of branches (58.92), fruits per plant (31.5), and yield per plant (9.08 kg). The highest fruit weight (350.65 g) was recorded with 50% RDF + VC @ 4 kg/plant + AZB + PSB (T10), while 100% RDF + 20 kg FYM (T2) resulted in the maximum stem girth (37.49 cm). These findings underline the efficacy of integrated nutrient management in enhancing the growth and yield of custard apple cv. Arka Sahan, offering valuable insights for its cultivation under Madhya Pradesh’s conditions.

The research aimed to determine the effect of the application of effective microorganisms (EM) on the basic microbiological parameters of soil biogenicity and the height of soybean yield. The research was conducted in the period from 2016-2018. Factor A is the years 2016-2018; factor B soybean genotype Galina, Sava, Rubin and factor C application of EM: variant 1 - control, variant 2 - EM in the soil 20 lha-1 and foliar treatment in the phase of plant development from three to four trefoils and the budonization phase, (5 lha- 1); variant 3 - NPK fertilizer (8:15:15), 300 kgha-1, and variant 4 - EM in the soil 20 lha-1 and foliar treatments in the stage of plant development from three to four trefoils and the budonization stage + NPK of 300 kgha- 1. During full flowering, the basic parameters of soil biogenicity, the total number of microorganisms (TNB), the number of azotobacter (AZB) and actinomycetes (ACT) were determined. At the end of the growing season, the grain yield was measured. The results showed that factor A had a very significant influence on all the examined traits. Application of EM had a significant impact on all investigated parameters. The parameters of soil biogenicity in Variant 4 EM+NPK were statistically significantly (p<0.01) higher than the control and Variant 3. Variant 2 had a greater number p<0.01 compared to the control, while in relation to the long varieties, the significance was p<0.05. Factor C significantly influenced the examined parameters. The highest number of all tested parameters was determined in the Rubin genotype's rhizosphere. The obtained results were compatible with the yield level. The variety Rubin had the highest grain yield of 4105.03 kgha-1. Variant 2 with EM increased the yield by 13.29% compared to the control, which was at the level (p<0.05), and with the application of EM+NPK variant 4, the yield was higher by 15.95%, which was at the (p<0.01) level of significance.

ABSTRACT Radish is a popular root vegetable grown worldwide and young fresh tender tuberous roots can be cooked or eaten raw in salads. The haphazard use of inorganic fertilizers for long period deteriorates fertility and productivity of soil. Therefore, this study was proposed for an extensive evaluation of different combinations of organic manure, bio fertilizer with inorganic fertilizers and influence on growth, yield, quality, and soil health. This study was carried out on radish cv. Japanese white with 13 treatment combinations in randomized block design with three replications. Soil quality was increased in terms of availability of N(Nitrogen), P (Phosphorus) and K (Potassium) to the tune of 15.17, 18.66 and 13.0%, respectively by integrated module 90% RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizers) + 10% SMC (Spent Mushroom Compost) + FYM (Farm Yard Manure) + AZB (Azotobacter) + PSB (Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria). Application of 90% Recommended dose of Fertilizers +10% Spent Mushroom Compost + Farm Yard Manure + Azotobacter + Phosphate Solubilising Bacteriarecorded maximum number of leaves (15.68), leaf size (21.01 x 9.88 cm), root size (18.80 x 2.86 cm), root weight (130.42 g), root yield (341.68q/ha) while, 60% Recommended dose of fertilizers +40% Spent Mushroom Compost+ Farm Yard Manure + Azotobacter + Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria proved best for quality attributes. Increase in yield under T6 was to the tune 11.44% over standard practices. Our findings of integrated nutrient management approaches may effectively address the present notion of “farming for health” to maintain soil health for sustainable crop production.

To investigate the effect of using bio-inoculation and chemical fertilizers on barley Hordeum vulgare L. growth, one experiment was applied using sterile soil with a silty clay loam at the Agriculture College Research Station, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq. Completely Random Design (CRD) with two factors, bio and chemical fertilizers, and four levels for each was used to layout the experiment. The biofertilizers treatments were non as a check (NC), Azotobacter (AZ), Azospirillum (AS), Azotobacter and Azospirillum (ASAZ) while the chemical fertilizers levels were 0, 50, 75, and 100 % of barley fertilizers recommendation, which was 120 kg. h-1 NPK. the biofertilizers with ASAZ increased barley plant height, 33.28 cm, dry weight, 5.73 g. plant-1, root weight, 4.86 g. plant-1, and absorbent N, 2.97%, P, 0.35%, K, 2.61% for barley, which were higher than other treatments. Also, the results showed the interaction ASAZ with 75% of barley’s fertilizers recommendation had a higher average for all traits. In short, using biofertilizers reduced 25% of the chemical fertilizer cost.

Purpose This study was carried out to assess the effect of integrating microbiological fortification with vermicomposting process on biofertilizing quality of vermicompost as well as improvement of the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the product. Method A mixture of cow dung and vegetable market waste (1:1) was used for vermicomposting with Eisenia foetida as the decomposer earthworm @ 10 no.of worm kg-1 substrate. Nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (NFB and PSB)Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas fluorescens were integrated with this composting process at varying doses viz. 0,5 and 10 g kg-1 substrate under different combinations. Changes in the population of these two bio-fertilizing microorganisms and the availability of relevant nutrients in the substrates were monitored periodically to assess the behaviors of these microorganisms and their effects on the produced vermicompost. Results All the inoculations resulted in substantial increments in population of both NFB and PSB over the control. However, the increments were more prominent for NFB than the PSB. Significant increments in the amount of mineralized nitrogen and solubilized phosphate over the control were observed in almost all the treatment combinations. Conclusion Integration of nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria with vermicomposting process resulted in substantial enrichment of the product. This benefit was observed not only in terms of increased availability of the two major plant nutrients of concern viz. N and P, but also in significant improvement in the population of the inoculated microorganisms turning the product into a potential source of bio-fertilizers.

An investigation was performed during 2018-19 on newly planted red fleshed Dragon fruits spaced at 4mx2m with thirteen treatments viz. T1: Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) as 100% inorganic; T2: Farm Yard Manure (FYM) to supply 50% K + 50% RDF; T3: Vermi compost (VC) to supply 50% K + 50% RDF; T4: Neem Cake (NC) to supply 50% K + 50% RDF; T5: Farm Yard Manure (FYM) to supply 50% K + 50% RDF + Azotobacter (AZ) + Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) + Potash Solubilizing Bacteria (KSB); T6: VC to supply 50% K + 50% RDF+AZ+PSB+ KSB; T7: NC to supply 50% K + 50% RDF + AZ + PSB + KSB; T8: FYM to supply 25% K + VC to supply 25% K + 50% RDF + AZ + PSB + KSB; T9: FYM to supply 25% K + NC to supply 25% K + 50% RDF + AZ + PSB + KSB; T10: VC to supply 25% K + NC to supply 25% K+ 50% RDF + AZ +PSB + KSB; T11: FYM to supply 25% K + VC to supply 25% K + NC to supply 25% K + 25% RDF; T12: FYM to supply 25% K + VC to supply 25% K + NC to supply 25% K + 25% RDF + AZ + PSB + KSB; T13: Control (no fertilizer) and four replication per treatments arranged in Randomized Block Design. Results showed that plants at T5 had maximum yield (4.65 kg/vine) with maximum number of fruits per vine (14.67). However, the fruit weight (390.33g) and TSS (12.180 Brix) was found highest in T11 while, T2 had highest ascorbic acid content (21.90 mg/100g fruit weight).

Abstract Field experiments were conducted during 2013–2015 under a long‐term organic and inorganic fertilization experiment established in 2009 at Kharagpur in India to assess the impact of rate and application timing of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on changes in fertility of lateritic soils. Vermicompost (VC), crop residue (CR), vermiwash (VW), and Azotobacter (AZ) were used as organic sources and chemical fertilizers (CF) as inorganic sources. The nine treatments were Control, CF at 100% N, P, and K (CF 100), VC at 100% N applied onetime as basal (VC‐b100), VC at 100% N applied in two splits (VC 100), VC 50+CF 50, CR, CF 50+CR, VC 50+CR, and VC 50+VW+AZ. After 2 yr of rice (Oryza sativa L.)–chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) system, significant increase in soil pH (from 5.43 to 5.72) and soil organic carbon (SOC) content (from 3.3 g kg‐1 to 3.8 g kg‐1) was noted with VC100, compared to CF100 (from 5.21 to 5.08 for pH and 3.1 to 2.9 g kg‐1 for SOC). Further, the total soil N content decreased from their initial values in all the nutrient treatments, except VC100, which registered an accumulation of 22 kg ha‐1 over its initial value (874 kg ha‐1). The VC‐based nutrient treatments had significantly higher soil available micro‐nutrients content (Fe, Zn, and Mn) compared to their initial levels. The VC‐based treatments significantly reduced accumulation of heavy metals (available Pb and Ni) content in soil compared to inorganic nutrient treatments. This nutrient management strategy could reduce environmental risk associated with synthetic chemical fertilizers.

Cultivation of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.), as a multipurpose species of vegetable, medicine and green forage, along with using biological fertilizers and reduced rates of chemical fertilizers is arranged within sustainable cropping systems. In order to study the effects of chemical and biological fertilizers and integratedplant nutrientsystems on some traits of globe artichoke, a factorial experiment was conducted on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Isfahan, Iran in 2014. Factors included chemical fertilizers at the levels of control (no fertilizer), 100 and 50 % of the recommended amounts, and bio-fertilizers at levels of control (no bio-fertilizer), Nitroxin (Azotobacter, Azospirillium andPseudomonas), Barvar 2 (Pseudomonas putida-p13and Pantoea agglomerans-p5) and Nitroxin+Barvar 2. Morphological traits, chemical composition, metabolizable energy and net energy for lactation were determined at the vegetative rosette stage. Results indicated that using bio-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer significantly improved effective parameters in increasing forage quality. Inoculation with two bio-fertilizers increased more forage quality than those of single application of them. However, Nitroxin had more positive effects than Barvar 2. In general, it was concluded that integratedplant nutrienttreatmentsare more beneficial effects on the growth and quality of globe artichoke forage.

The main problem of peatland utilization was low fertility of land. The plant growth promoting microorganisms thrive in soils naturally, but their populations are scarce. Optimation and implementation of fertilizer based on beneficial microbes having potential to enhance the solubility of soil nutrients and to increase of yield crop. This study aims were to examine: 1) the effectiveness of liquid media for enchance of biofertilizer potency; 2) composition of liquid biofertilizer which potential for enchance of soil nutrients in peatland. This research was an experimental research in a field. Independent variables consist of: 8 compositions of liquid biofertilizer, included positive control (EM4), and negative control (aquadest), with 3 replication of each. Dependent variables were soil nutriens, namely: N, P, K,C. Soil nutriens measured following method of Soil Analysis procedure, using AAS. All data were analysed using ANOVA statistical method. The results showed: liquid media composed by 15% of sugar and 85% of coconut water, better more to support of biofertilizer potency for enhanced of soybean growth in peatland. Composition microbes KHY +IBT better more for increase of pottasium (K-dd) content and N-Total in peatland, compared than another compositions. Treatment with liquid biofertilizer from local microorganisms, had increased of soil nutrients N-total 69,7%, phosphate 4,7%, and potassium 28%, compared with negative control. Composition of potential microorganisms in liquid biofertilizer were Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Kebsiella sp., Aspergillus sp., Azotobacter sp.

La producción citrícola depende principalmente en la disponibilidad de portainjertos sanos, apropiados y vigorosos; parte de su reproducción está asociada con el uso de fertilizantes químicos, que contribuyen en la contaminación de los ecosistemas. El uso de fertilizantes orgánicos son alternativas para reducir el uso de fertilizantes químicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de tres fertilizantes orgánicos (estiércol de gallina, cachaza (1 y 2) y pinzote) suministrados en tres dosis (1, 2 y 3%), en las propiedades químicas y microbiológicas del suelo y en el crecimiento del portainjerto Citrange troyer, en invernadero. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con 14 tratamientos y seis repeticiones cada uno, incluyendo dos testigos (absoluto y fertilizado). Mediante diluciones seriadas en medios específicos se cuantificó Azospirillum, Azotobacter, y bacterias solubilizadoras de fosfatos y de potasio. Los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares fueron evaluados según la técnica de clareo y tinción con azul tripano. El pH del suelo se incrementó 0.9 unidades al agregar 1% de cachaza-2; mientras que el carbono orgánico se elevó 0.7% con el estiércol de gallina al 1%. Las bacterias Azospirillum, Azotobacter y solubilizadoras de fosfatos, se incrementaron en los tratamientos suministrados con cachaza-1 1% y estiércol de gallina 1%. La cachaza-1 2%, indujo mayor colonización micorrízica y mayor crecimiento de la planta. Ocho de los doce tratamientos con fertilizantes orgánicos utilizados, modif icaron positivamente las propiedades químicas y microbiológicas del suelo, dando como resultado un mejor crecimiento de Citrange troyer comparado con los testigos.

It has been assumed that the system of long-term pasture management exerts a significant impact on the soil microorganisms count, subsequently affecting the availability of mineral nitrogen (Nmin). This hypothesis was tested in a three-year experiment on a long-term pasture with two distinct systems of grass sward management, i.e., grazing and mowing. Mowing significantly increased the microorganisms count by 13%, 28%, 86%, and 2% for eubacteria (EU), actinobacteria (AC), molds (MO), and Azotobacter (AZ), respectively. The main reason was drought in 2006, which resulted in the domination of Dactylis glomerata L. in the grass sward, instead of Lolimum perenne L. and Poa pratensis L. The content of Nmin decreased through the vegetative growing season, reaching its lowest value after the 3rd grazing cycle. The impact of microorganisms on the Nmin pools increased in the order: molds &lt; eubacteria &lt; actinobacteria. The count of actinobacteria in the alkaline organic soil increased in response to drought, contribution of Dactylis glomerata L. in the sward, and the shortage of available phosphorus. The sound pasture management system is possible by introducing alternate grazing and mowing cycles. The core of sustainability is the enhanced activity of actinobacteria after changing the system from grazed into mowed.

Four strains NKCT1101, NKCT1102, NKCT1103 and NKCT1104 isolated from wastewater of the washing workshop can utilize Isophthalonitrile (IPN) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. From the result of the physiological and biochemical experiments, the bacteria were similar to Sporosarcina, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus and Azotobacter respectively. In the study, several batch experiments were conducted to investigate the different degradation rate of the four strains, the biodegradation of IPN by NKCT1101. The result showed that degradation rate of IPN by NKCT1101 (about 90%) was much higher than that by NKCT1102, NKCT1103 and NKCT1104 (all about 70%). NKCT1101 could degrade IPN observably at the low biomasses. Even of different initial concentration, NKCT1101 could degrade IPN to a low residual concentration (10mg l-1). The additional carbon glucose and the additional nitrogen urea and Ammonium sulfate which not affect the degradation rate of NKCT1101. Finally NKCT1101 transformed IPN to corresponding acid by nitrilase. And the molecular weight of the nitrilase was 76kD.

A greenhouse experiment was conducted in Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur during 2017-18 with the objective to envisage the growth and yield of okra as affected by the application of bioinoculants, vermicompost as against recommended chemical fertilizers. The experiment waslaid out in complete randomized design with six treatments and four replications. Treatments consisting of T1 100% NPK, T2 100% NPK+Vermicompost, T3-75%NPK+Vermicompost+PSB, T4-75%NPK+Vermicompost+Azotob acter, T5-75%NPK+Vermicompost+Azotobacter+PSB and T6-50% NPK+Vermicompost+Azotobacter+PSB. The results showed that the application of Azotobacter + PSB along with vermicompost and 75 % NPK produced significantly maximum growth attributes viz. plant height at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest, number of leaves perplant, chlorophyll content and yield and yield attributes like (Number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit weight,fruit yield plant−1) as compared to other treatments but remained at par with Azotobacter + PSB along withvermicompost and 50% NPK. Both the treatments showed superior effect on okra over rest of the treatments.Similarly, results also showed that application of vermicompost (T2) significantly increased the growth and yield parameters as compared to only inorganic treatment (T1). The significantly highest total yield (537.34 g and 518.58g) was recorded in treatment T5 and T6 which proved the best treatment combination in comparisonto other treatments. From the present investigation and with the cost–effective point of view it can be inferredthat an application of 50% NPK + vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB observed to be beneficial in enhancing vegetative growth and increasing yield of okra.

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of applying effective microorganisms (EM) on the basic microbiological parameters of soil and soybean yield biological value. The research was conducted in the period 2016-2018. Factor A are the years 2016-2018, factor B are soybean genotypes Galina, Sava, Rubin, and factor C application of EM: variant 1 was control, variant 2 was EM in soil 20 lha-1 and foliar treatment in the stage of plant development from three to four trefoils and budding stage, 5 lha-1, variant 3 was NPK fertilizer (8:15:15), 300 kgha-1, and variant 4 was a combination of variant 2 and variant 3. During full flowering, the basic parameters of soil biogenicity were determined by the total number of microorganisms (TNB) and the number of azotobacter (AZT) and grain yield at the end of the growing period. The examined factors had a statistically significant influence on the examined parameters. Soil biogenicity parameters in variant 4 EM + NPK were statistically significantly (p&lt;0.01) higher than control and variant 3. Variant 2 affected a higher number of p&lt;0.01 compared to control, while compared to other variants significance was p&lt;0.05 (factor B). The highest number of all examined parameters was in the rhizosphere of Rubin genotype (factor C). Variant 2 with EM increased in yield of 13.29% compared to the control which was at the level (p&lt;0.05) and with the application of EM + NPK variant 4 the yield was higher by 15.95% which was at the level (p&lt;0.01) of significance.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of biochar soil amendment (BSA) on chemical and microbial properties in different agricultural soils in Vojvodina Prov?ince. Short-term pot experiment consisted of five biochar application doses (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3%) and five contrasting soil types (Mollic Gleysol, Eutric Cambisol, Calcaric Fluvisol, Gleyic Chernozem, and Haplic Chernozem), planted with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The examined chemical and microbial properties were significantly influenced by soil type and interaction of experimental factors. Significant influence of biochar on the contents of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), total nitrogen (N), total carbon (C), soil organic carbon (SOC), humus and potassium (K) of the tested soils was observed. Biochar also significantly affected the number of azotobacters (AZB), fungi (FNG), actino?mycetes (ACT) and copiotrophic bacteria (CB). The effect of BSA varied depending on the applied dose, with higher values of the examined chemical and microbial parameters at higher doses of application. Further studies on using biochar in soils with low fertility will be neces?sary to establish its efficiency as an enhancer for agricultural production in Serbia.

A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) modules on yield and soil properties in late sown Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson.]. In this study, 16 INM module combinations of organic (Farm yard manure and vermicompost), inorganic and biofertilizers were used. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The numbers of secondary branches were conspicuously higher than primary and tertiary branches and these also bear higher number of siliquae/branch. The contribution of secondary branches was highest in seed yield of mustard. Integrated use of 100% recommended fertilizer dose (RDF) along with organic sources of nutrients resulted in significantly higher number of branches/plant, siliqua/branch, seeds/siliquae and seed yield of mustard as compared to application of 100% RDF (NPK) alone. The total N, P and K uptake by the crop ranged between 76.1 kg/ha in control and 187.2 kg/ha in 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + FYM 5 t/ha + vermicompost (VC) 2.5 t/ha + Azotobacter. Integration of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients improved the soil organic carbon (SOC) content, availability of soil nutrient status (N, P and K), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) in soil, whereas the use of chemical fertilizer alone showed a pronounced decline of these parameters. Key words: Integrated nutrient management, Indian mustard, seed yield, oil content, soil health.

Abstract The article starts with the classification of plant nutrients and gives a brief about mineral fertilizers and explains the mechanism of phosphate-uptake by plants. Phosphate Rich Organic Manure (PROM) has been in the frame of organic farming since last two decades and is challenging synthetic chemical fertilizers like DAP, MAP, SSP, and Nitro-Phosphates. PROM is essentially high-grade rock phosphate mineral in fine size along with well-matured organic manure. Bacillus megatherium, varphosphaticum (phosphate solubilising bacteria), Azotobacter (nitrogen fixing bacteria) etc. may be added to improve the efficacy of PROM. Well-matured organic manure has C:N ratio at 20:1. The aim is to illustrate step-by-step process of manufacturing phosphate rich organic manure (as a marketable product)with government specifications as mentioned in fertilizer control order (FCO). Keywords: Bacillus megatherium, varphosphaticum, Phosphate-uptake, PROM Cite this Article Mihir D.M., Jagadeesh K. A Brief Review of Phosphate Rich Organic Manure, 2016. Research & Reviews: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology . 2017; 6(1): 34–38p.

Split application of organic nutrient improved productivity, nutritional quality and economics of rice-chickpea cropping system in lateritic soil

به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر پرایمینگ بذور، روش‌های کاشت و کودهای زیستی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد هندوانه آجیلی (Citrullus Lanatus) آزمایشی در قالب طرح اسپیلت پلات بر پایه‌ی بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1392 در دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا شد. فاکتور اول شامل پرایمینگ بذور در دو سطح (بذور پرایم نشده و پرایم شده)، فاکتور دوم نشاءکاری که به‌صورت کشت مستقیم و نشائی و فاکتور سوم محلول‌پاشی کود بیولوژیک در دو سطح (بدون کود بیولوژیک و با کود بیولوژیک) بود. نتایج نشان داد که پرایمینگ بذور بر روی تعداد میوه در هر بوته، عملکرد دانه و وزن خشک کل اثر معنی‌داری نشان داد. نشاءکاری نیز باعث بهبود صفات (تعداد میوه در هر بوته، تعداد دانه در هر میوه، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه) و کود بیولوژیک بر روی تمامی صفات مورد آزمایش اثر معنی‌داری نشان دادند. اثرات متقابل کود بیولوژیک با نشاءکاری نیز باعث افزایش صفات وزن هزار دانه و تعداد دانه در هر میوه شد که بیشترین وزن هزار دانه و تعداد دانه در هر میوه به‌ترتیب با 3/163 گرم و 7/592 عدد دانه در تیمار نشائی در حضور کود و کمترین آن به‌ترتیب برابر با 7/144 گرم و 7/414 عدد دانه در تیمار کشت مستقیم بدون کود مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج، نشاءکاری هندوانه آجیلی حاصل از پرایمینگ بذور به همراه کودبیولوژیک بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2300 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را نسبت به تیمار شاهد بذری و نشائی داشت که به‌عنوان بهترین تیمار قابل توصیه است.