Azobisisobutyronitrile Research Articles

Electrochemically promoted oxidative α-cyanation of tertiary and secondary amines using cheap AIBN.

The electrochemical α-cyanation of tertiary and secondary amines has been developed by using a cheap cyanide reagent, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The CN radical, generated through n-Bu4NBr-meidated electrochemical oxidation, participates in a novel α-cyanation reaction under exogenous oxidant-free conditions.

안성 공장 폭발화재 사례로 본 아조화합물의 위험성 및 감정 기법에 관한 연구

On Aug. 6, 2019, a large-scale fire broke out at a plant in Anseong, killing one firefighter, injuring 10 people and burning a warehouse. NISI reported by debris analysis that the AIBN(Azobisisobutyronitrile) was stored in the estimated ignition location. The AIBN is a “self-reactive substance”, which is sensitive to shock or friction and has a high risk of explosion, due to adverse reactions at air temperatures above 40℃. The risk of explosion with the reference material, BPO(Benzoyl peroxide) is compared, by measuring the explosive pressure, velocity and onset temperature according to the capacity of the AIBN, and proposed a policy for preventing fire by deriving the appraisal technique through qualitative analysis of GC/MS.

Peculiar effect of acylamino and cyan groups on thermal behavior of 2-(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)azocarboxamide

2-(1-Cyano-1-methylethyl)azocarboxamide (CABN) is a representative of new-type azo initiator in the radical polymerization industry. The peculiar water and oil soluble characters make it a versatile rising star for the industry to initiate the polymerization of monomers in either polar or nonpolar solvents based continuous phases. This paper decodes the effect of acylamino and cyan groups on thermal stability and hazards of CABN via advanced thermokinetic analysis and numerical simulation. Initially, simultaneous thermogravimetric analyzer was employed to evaluate the thermal stability of CABN and its two structurally similar azo compounds (azos), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and azodicarbonamide (AC). Followed with calorimetric experiments by differential scanning calorimetry, the effect of two functional groups on thermal behavior parameters, such as decomposition temperature, melting point, and heat of decomposition was estimated. The results indicated that the acylamino group can improve the thermal stability of CABN but with bulkier heat release. Ultimately, through the medium of thermokinetic analysis, the thermal hazard of AIBN, CABN, and AC was simulated based on auto-ignition and thermal explosion theory. The research results would provide references for the synthesis of new-type azo initiators and process safety parameters to the polymerization industry.

Gas permeation properties of highly cross-linked castor oil-based polyurethane membranes synthesized through thiol-yne click polymerization

In this paper, a new chemistry approach was developed for synthesis of castor oil (CO)-based polyurethane (PU) membranes to attain improved structural properties for gas separation applications. For this purpose, propyne-terminated CO-based PU prepolymer (PTPU) was synthesized by the reaction of CO and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), followed by propargyl alcohol (PrAl) and isocyanate (NCO) terminated prepolymer reaction. The ultimate membranes were prepared through thiol-yne cross-linking reaction of PTPU and pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), in presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), as a reaction initiator. It was revealed that mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared membranes were improved owing to the formation of flexible thioether linkages through cross-linking reaction. The gas permeation measurements were carried out in the temperature and pressure ranges of 298–338 K and 200–1200 kPa, respectively. The results exhibited reverse size selective performance, as a typical transport behavior of rubbery membranes. The infinite dilution permeability coefficient of CO2 at 298 K was found identical to 2.78 Barrer, along with the infinite dilution perm-selectivity values for CO2/CH4 and CO2/H2 obtained equal to 25.27 and 7.94, respectively. Furthermore, higher permeation activation energies were found in this work compared to a number of cross-linked rubbery membranes in the literature, such as poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA).

A highly selective electrochemical sensor based on surface molecularly imprinted copolymer for the detection of 5-hydroxytryptamine

In this work, a novel composite of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs), ionic liquid (i.e. 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazolium bromine, [APMIM]Br) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs@IL-Au) is prepared through ion-exchange and Au-N coordination between MWCNTs, IL, and Au NPs under mild conditions. The composite is used as support, itaconic acid (IA) and acrylamide (Aam) as functional monomers, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) as template molecule, ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linking agent and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator are mixed to synthesize surface imprinted copolymer (DSMIP). The obtained DSMIP-MWCNTs@IL-Au has good conductivity and strong adsorption capacity for 5-HT due to hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. When it is immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode for the electrochemical determination of 5-HT, the resulting sensor presents a wide linear response range (i.e. 0.20–10 μmol L−1 and 10–400 μmol L−1) and low limit of detection (i.e. 0.080 μmol L−1). Furthermore, it shows high selectivity, stability and reproducibility. To evaluate its practicability, the sensor is applied to the determination of 5-HT in human serum and human urine samples, and comparable results are achieved.

Studi Pengaruh Pelarutdan Kuantitas Katalis Terhadap PolimerisasiArikrildi PT. Aristek Highpolymer Bekasi

Sintesisarikriltelahdilakukandenganteknik feeding. Monomer yang digunakan adalah styrene,isobutil akrilat, 2-HEMA, serta bubuk akrilamida. Katalis yang digunakanadalah AIBN (Azobisisobutyronitrile) dan Perbutil O98. Hasil sintesis lalu dibagidua yaituuntuk resin batch G-0915 A dilakukan pengenceran dalam ≥ 63% n-butanol dan metanol, sedangkan untuk G-0915 B dilakukan pengenceran dalam ≥ 63% toluene. Hasil ini kemudian dibandingkan pengaruh pelarutnya menggunakan parameter viskositas, NV/total solid, bilangan asam, warna, serta OH Value. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh bahwa pelarut toluene menghasilkan arikril yang paling sesuai dengan spesifikasi, viskositas yang diperoleh adalah Z2-15. Kemudian Arikril batch G-0915 ini dibandingkan dengan Arikril batch G-0903 terkait pengaruh kuantitas katalis yang digunakan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kuantitas katalis yang meningkat mempengaruhi prosesaging,pada Arikril batch G-0903 durasi aging yang dibutuhkan adalah selama 11 jam, sedangkan pada Arikril batch G-0915 durasi aging yang dibutuhkan selama 8 jam.

Castor Oil and Acrylate based Copolymers as Greener Additives for Lubricating Oil

In this work, the authors synthesized three different acrylates by esterification reaction of acrylic acid with long chain alcohols (octyl alcohol, decyl alcohol and dodecyl alcohol). Homopolymer of castor oil (CO) and three copolymers of castor oil with acrylates were synthesized by free radical polymerization using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. FT-IR and NMR spectral technique were used to characterize the synthesized polymers. The average molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) method was used study the thermal behaviour of the polymers at high temperature. Performances of the polymers as additives in lubricating oil were carefully assessed in terms of viscosity index, and pour point. The experimental results showed that the prepared copolymers are better additives than homopolymer. Disc diffusion method was applied to carry out biodegradability test of all the prepared polymers.

Synthesis and characterization of novel photochromic and pH-sensitive colorimetric hydrogel based on azobenzene

This article reports the synthesis of new Dye A from the reaction of 4-methyl 2-nitroaniline, NaNO2/H+, and sodium 1-naphtholate. Dye A responded with an obvious colour change visible to naked eyes to pH, ultraviolet light, and fluoride ion and was studied by UV–vis spectroscopy. Next, the reaction of Dye A with crotonic anhydride leads to the formation of MDye A. Subsequently, synthesis of a new type of photochromic and pH-sensitive colorimetric hydrogel consisting of a new azobenzene (MDye A), acrylic acid, acrylamide, N,N'-methylenebisacrylic amide as a crosslinking agent, and sodium acrylate in the presence of 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as initiator and sorbitan monostearate (Span 60) as the dispersant or under a LED lamp (400 nm, 20 W) in the presence of CdS nanorods and β-cyclodextrin was studied. The products were characterized using 1H NMR,13C NMR, TGA, DTG, SEM, TEM, and FTIR spectroscopy. The synthesized new hydrogel showed good pH responsiveness and photoresponsiveness, which was investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy. Also, the effects of parameters such as amounts of CdS nanorods, cross-linker, and water, duration of pre-oxygenation, light intensity on the swelling of gel, and polymerization rate in the synthesis of hydrogel were investigated.

An in-situ RAFT polymerization technique for the preparation of poly(N-vinyl imidazole) modified Cloisite nanoclay to develop nanocomposite PEM

In this work, we have carried out in-situ RAFT polymerization of poly (N-vinylimidazole) (PNVI) in the inter-galleries of Cloisite nanoclay. The polymerization was carried out in two sets of different solvent-initiator combinations: N, N-Dimethyl formamide (DMF) - azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and water/ethanol mixture - 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid) (ACV), with varying monomer ratios in order to synthesize PNVI of three different molecular weights. The three PNVI modified Cloisite clays (named as CP-1, CP-2 and CP-3 corresponding to low, medium and high molecular weight PNVI, respectively) were characterized thoroughly. X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope analysis revealed the extent of delamination of the clay layers after the polymerization. The CP-3 clay, containing high molecular weight PNVI, was completely exfoliated, whereas the CP-1 clay with low molecular weight PNVI formed intercalated structure and CP-2 showed partial exfoliation. Gel permeable chromatography was used to determine the molecular weights of PNVI and the thermogravimetric analysis revealed the quantities of PNVI polymerized in the clays galleries. Further, the PNVI modified clays were used to prepare nanocomposites with poly (4,4′-diphenylether-5,5′-benzimidazole) (OPBI). All the nanocomposite membranes exhibited higher storage modulus (up to ~170% increase at 400 °C), tensile properties, acid doping levels (~30 mol/OPBI repeat unit), proton conductivity (0.19 S/cm at 180 °C) and controlled acid leaching. The CP-3 clay, with exfoliated clay layers and freely dispersed PNVI chains in the OPBI matrix, resulted in effective interfacial interactions with the OPBI chains and consequently demonstrated higher property enhancement of the nanocomposite membranes than when the other two clays were incorporated.

Impact of functionalized SiC nano-whisker on the flux pinning ability and superconductor features of Bi-2223 ceramics

In this study, we investigated the role of silicon carbide nano-whisker (SiC-NW) as new pinning center on the microstructure, magnetic and flux pinning properties of (BiPb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+θ (Bi-2223) superconductors prepared by the sol-gel method. The surface of the nano-whiskers was modified with Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) to improve their dispersions. The grafting of AIBN on the surface of SiC-NW was studied with FTIR. According to the field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and magnetization measurements, we found an enhancement in the superconducting features of the specimen with the addition of SiC-NW up to 0.2 wt%. The microstructure of the samples showed randomly oriented plate-like grains. The connectivity and alignment of the grains slightly reduced with the increase in the SiC-NW concentration. Based on the magnetic measurement of the synthesized samples, an improvement of magnetization, pinning force ability and the critical current density (Jc) was observed for the 0.2 SiC-NW.

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for effective extraction and determination of kaempferol from apple samples

The specific of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (Fe3O4@SiO2-MIPs) for kaempferol were fabricated by using acrylamide (AM) as the functional monomer, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker. The Fe3O4@SiO2-MIPs showed high adsorption capacity (3.84 mg/g) for kaempferol, and the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 50 min. The specific recognition capacity of Fe3O4@SiO2-MIPs was 3.02 times as high as that of Fe3O4@SiO2-NIPs. The Fe3O4@SiO2-MIPs showed high selectivity towards kaempferol over structural analogues. The recoveries of proposed method at three spiked levels analysis were ranged from 90.5% to 95.4% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 5%. The obtained Fe3O4@SiO2-MIPs were successfully applied for the extraction and determination of kaempferol from apple samples. The established method was simple and feasible, which showed high selectivity, fast separation and satisfactory recoveries for real sample analysis.

Fabrication of PMMA/phosphogypsum non-fired ceramic composites with improved mechanical and waterproof properties

Previously, a way to process phosphogypsum (PG) into non-fired ceramic tile by an intermittent loading hydration process was proposed; however, its mechanical strength and especially waterproof property are unsatisfactory. Herein, PG non-fired ceramic with a porosity reduced was prepared and used as a matrix, which was then impregnated with MMA together with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiators. After polymerization, a novel 3-3 type PMMA/PG non-fired ceramic composite with highly improved mechanical and waterproof properties was obtained. The bending strength, softening coefficient, and contact angle of the PMMA/PG composite are 21.5 MPa, 0.78, and 75.1°, which are 1.43, 1.77, and 1.68 times those of the matrix, respectively. It is found that PMMA completely covers the matrix surface and well fills the interparticle pores of dihydrate gypsum crystals inside the matrix, forming an interpenetrating and dense composite structure. This work can guide not only the utilization of waste PG but also the development of polymer/gypsum composite product. Graphical abstract

Novel N-(2-((4-vinylbenzyl)thio)ethyl)Acetamide Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticle: Synthesis and Test Selective Silver(I) Removal Study

Magnetic nanoparticles embody a valuable suite of technologies for the selective recovery of metals from the aqueous phase owing to their high surface area, the ease of recovery using an externally applied magnetic field and their ability to be custom designed. Ligands bearing sulfur (S-) and nitrogen (N-) donors are suited for such functionalization due to their proven selectivity’s for Ag(I) binding. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel ligand—N-(2-((4-vinylbenzyl)thio)ethyl)acetamide in two steps and with a 76% yield. Also, the attachment of the ligand to the surface of magnetite nanoparticle with the aid of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was achieved under mild conditions. The ligand-magnetite nanosorbent demonstrated excellent removal efficiency (99.9%) and outstanding selectivity for Ag(I) recovery under the prevailing experimental conditions. Taking together, the results indicate that N-(2-((4-vinylbenzyl)thio)ethyl)acetamide on magnetite nanoparticles is an efficient sorbent for the selective recovery of Ag(I) from the aqueous phase.

Self‐Assembly of Porous Microstructured Polydimethylsiloxane Films for Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a green energy harvester, can harvest mechanical energy from human motion to electric energy to be applied in wearable electronics and sensor network. Porous materials played an important role in enhancing electric performance of TENG. In this paper, Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is used as a self‐reactive agent to modify Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form a self‐assembled porous structure (PDMS‐N10 film) through the difference in temperature between PDMS pre‐curing and AIBN decomposition. The PDMS‐N10‐based TENG exhibits a 2.5‐fold and 2.7‐fold improvement in output voltage and current as compared with PDMS without modification respectively. In addition, 116 light‐emitting diodes could be lighted up and 22 µF capacitor is charged. The TENG is also used as a sensor or trigger device for sensing the movements of elbow, knee, wrist, or finger, which can be applied in wearable devices because of the flexibility and durability as well as low cost.

Studies on non-gelatinous & thermo-responsive chitosan with the N-isopropylacrylamide by RAFT methodology for control release of levofloxacin

The non-gelatinous and thermo-responsive properties were introduced in chitosan by incorporating the chain of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. To achieve this, the reaction was carried out at 80 °C by modifying the chitosan(CS) with RAFT agent as a macroinitiator (CS-RAFT), where the amine group of CS was protected with phthalic anhydride and then reacted with 4-cyano-4-[(dodecyl sulfanyl thiocarbonyl)sulfanyl]-pentanoic acid (CDSTSP) to form CS-RAFT agent. Further, the addition of NIPAAm chains onto CS-RAFT was carried out in N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent by using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator in N2 atmosphere. The controlled addition of NIPAAm chains on to CS was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, further, a kinetic study was performed to get the characteristic features of the RAFT reaction. The product was characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR, UV–Visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and TGA analyses. The product in aqueous solution showed LCST at 2.0 mg/mL on 33 ± 0.1 °C. Further, beads were prepared with the sodium alginate and loaded the water-soluble levofloxacin drug (60% w/w loading was achieved). The drug delivery process was studied in-vitro at 37 ± 0.1 °C & pH 7.4, which shown controlled release of drug up to 32 h and it was 71% of the loaded levofloxacin.

Effect of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Silicone-Acrylate Copolymer Containing 1,3-Bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane.

The silicone monomer used in this study contains acrylate group to prepare the hydrophilic polymer. For the polymerization, TMDS (1,3-Bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane) was added to the mixture containing synthesized silicone, DMA (N,N-dimethyl acrylamide), HEMA (2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate), EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and the initiator AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) with various concentrations. To make the functional hydrogel lens, metal oxide (Chromium oxide and Cobalt iron oxide) nanoparticles were used as additives. Using the polymer produced through the thermal polymerization process, the optical and physical characteristics of produced silicone hydrogel lenses were measured. The water content of sample was in the range of 63.70~69.08%, refractive index 1.3769~1.3880, contact angle 60.02~85.28°, and oxygen permeability (Dk) 24.79~37.92 × 10-11 (cm²/sec) (mlO²/mlmmHg). In case of the hydrogel sample with nanoparticles, the oxygen permeability value was increased with amount of nanoparticles. Silicone hydrogel monomer containing metal oxide nanoparticles were expected to be used usefully as a material for green tinted optical lens with high oxygen permeability.

Physical Properties of High Functional Contact Lenses with Hydrophilic Substance and Graphene Oxide Nanocolloids.

The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the physical properties of contact lenses made by adding hydrophilic Hyaluronic acid (HA) and Methacrylic acid (MA) as additives and Graphene oxide nanocolloids. As a contact lens, AIBN (Azobisisobutyronitrile) was used as an initiator with HEMA (2-hydroxy methyl methacrylate) and EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) as a cross-linker. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and methacrylic acid (MA) were added at 5%, respectively. Graphene oxide nanocolloids were added at 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively. Each prepared contact lens was hydrated in 99% NaCl saline solution for 24 hours. And the basic physical properties of contact lenses were evaluated and compared. The refractive index of the sample with hyaluronic acid and MA added was 1.4390, which was not significantly different from that of the basic combination contact lens sample. When Graphene oxide nanocolloids, a nanomaterial, were added, the refractive index decreased with increasing amount of Graphene oxide nanocolloids from 1.4209 to 13959. In the case of water content, the sample with 5% Hyaluronic acid and MA added slightly increased to 41.01%. In the case of Graphene oxide nanocolloids added, 48.76%~53.56% of Graphene oxide nanocolloids were added. Especially, it was observed that the water content increased sharply in the 0.1% sample of Graphene oxide nanocolloids. When the amount of graphene oxide nanocolloids added to the contact lens material was increased, the refractive index, which is a basic physical property, gradually decreased as the contact lens material was added together with Hyaluronic acid, MA, and Graphene oxide nanocolloids added as a nanomaterial. The water content tended to increase gradually. Therefore, the combination of Graphene oxide and hydrophilicmaterials shows a synergistic effect of physical properties, which is considered to be suitable as a material for contact lenses.

Poly(styrene)-co-2-vinylpyridine copolymer as a novel solid-phase adsorbent for determination of manganese and zinc in foods and vegetables by FAAS

The aim of this study is to extract zinc and manganese from foods and vegetables using an amphiphilic copolymer adsorbent, poly(styrene)-co-2-vinylpyridine which was synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization from styrene and 2-vinyl pyridine in the presence of a trithiocarbonate and 2,2′-azo-bis isobutyro nitrile (AIBN) in toluene solution under argon at 80 °C. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy were used in the characterization of the obtained copolymer. Under the optimum conditions, several validation variables such as uncertainty measurement, selectivity, robustness, precisions, matrix effects and accuracy were investigated. Taking an adsorption time of 15 min, detection limits of 0.04 μg L −1 and 0.2 μg L−1and 7.9 μg L−1and enrichment factors of 145 and 110 were obtained for Mn(II) and Zn(II), respectively.The method was successfully applied to the analysis of Mn(II) and Zn(II) in foods and vegetables.

RAFT-derived siloxane-based amphiphilic triblock copolymers: Synthesis, characterization, and self-assembly

Amphiphilic triblock copolymers (ATBCs) were prepared using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a central block and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (polyHEMA) side-blocksviareversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Initially, PDMS macro-initiator was synthesized by the esterification reaction of dihydroxyalkyl-terminated PDMS and a RAFT agent i.e.,4-cyano-4-(phenylcarbonothioylthio) pentanoic acid in the presence of 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylaminium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) as a high-performance coupling reagent. RAFT copolymerization between the PDMS macro-RAFT agent and HEMA monomers was initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and terminal hydroxyl functional groups of polyHEMA side-blocks were end-capped using acetic anhydride at the final step. The performance of the coupling and polymerization reactions was supported by FTIR spectroscopy. Conversion of the coupling reaction, chemical structure, and number-average molecular weight of the PDMS macro-initiator were determined by HNMR spectroscopy. HNMR integration ratio of –CH3/–OCH2- signals in deuterated chloroform and methanol proved ATBCs self-assembly which was further supported by the presence of partially-ordered and lamellar morphologies according to the AFM and SAXS findings. The molecular weights determined by GPC, HNMR, and SAXS experiments were in relative agreement with the corresponding theoretical values. The appearance of glass transition for both PDMS and polyHEMA side-blocks at differed temperatures confirmed the copolymer structures and phase-separated morphologies of ATBCs. Contact angle and surface free energy findings supported a significant decrement in water contact angle (WCA) and increment in surface tension for ATBCs by increasing the polyHEMA side-blocks length. Also, the hydrophilicity promotion of silicone rubber surface was obtained in the presence of ATBCs as a hydrophilicity enhancer additive.

Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations of acrylamide mediated by cobalt complexes supported by amino-bis(phenolate) ligands

Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRP) of acrylamide (AM) was carried out via dispersion polymerization mediated by cobalt complexes in alcohol/water and initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) at 65 °C. Well-defined polyacrylamide (PAM) uniform spherical particles with predetermined molecular weight and relatively narrow dispersity (Đ = 1.24–1.53) were obtained under mild thermal conditions based on one polymer chain per cobalt complex demonstrate the living characters of the polymerization process. The living character was demonstrated by the linear fit with different feeding ratios of AM and cobalt complex, as well as a linear increase in the number- average molecular weight observed with the monomer conversion. It is worth pointing out that the high conversion of AM (>90%) was obtained with formation of well-controlled PAM, relative to the cobalt porphyrin (The conversion of AM reached 40%) in dispersion polymerization condition. The effects of the volume ratio of alcohol and water on the morphology of the spherical particles were investigated. There were increasing trends in the particle size with the increasing volume ratio of alcohol and water. Solution polymerization of acrylamide was also studied in the same condition. Linear fit with different feeding ratios of AM and cobalt complex were obtained.