Magnesium (Mg) alloys are promising for application as degradable bone substitutes due to their appropriate elastic modulus, which is closer to bone than that of permanent metallic biomaterials. Once implanted, Mg implants must provide adequate mechanical support to maintain the integrity of the injured site while promoting bone ingrowth to ensure optimal tissue healing. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of bone regeneration in a dog model via high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (XCT) at 4, 8 and 16 weeks following the implantation of Mg-based fibres into critical-sized defects. These results were compared to those induced by a commercially available bovine bone graft (BBG) and empty (E) controls. At 16 weeks, mechanical characterisation was also performed using digital volume correlation (DVC). Mg promoted greater bone formation (bone volume fraction of 0.77 ± 0.15, 0.53 ± 0.07 and 0.45± 0.06 at 16 weeks for Mg, E and BBG, respectively). New bone formation combined with homogenous and tight integration of the Mg fibres led to the complete restoration of the defect. The newly formed bone showed signs of increasing mineralization (541 ± 50 mg HA.cm-3), remodelling and angiogenesis after 16 weeks, enabling the Mg fibres to facilitate complete tissue healing and provide sufficient mechanical strength (3.32 ± 0.92 MPa and 152 ± 1 MPa for apparent yield stress and Young's modulus, respectively) to support loading. This study suggests that Mg-based fibres can promote osteointegration and osteoconduction enabling the reconstruction of critical-sized defects while maintaining the mechanical integrity of the injured site. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Magnesium is a highly promising biomaterial for bone regeneration; however, its rapid corrosion in physiological environments can compromise mechanical integrity and lead to treatment failure. This study investigates an innovative strategy designed to slow corrosion, combining 1) a magnesium alloy without aluminium, neodymium or gadolinium, elements commonly present in AZ31 or WE24 alloys but associated with poor biocompatibility and 2) a fluorine coating. The biological and mechanical performance of this composite biomaterial were assessed after implantation in a critical-size bone defect, using histological analyses, X‑ray computed tomography, and digital volume correlation to evaluate bone healing. The findings will contribute to the advancement of safe and effective biomaterials that can be translated to clinical solutions for bone tissue regeneration.

Optimisation of preheating and interpass temperature in WADED magnesium alloy AZ61: A comparative study on microstructure, residual stresses, and internal defects

Experimental investigation and genetic algorithm optimisation of stir–ultrasonic cast AZ31–La2O3 nanocomposites

Influence of PEO regime on sol-gel infiltration and performance of hybrid organic-inorganic coatings on AZ31 alloy

Synergistic enhancement of photocatalytic performance in MgO/MgAl2O4 coatings on AZ31 alloy through CuO and Co3O4 particles incorporation during plasma electrolytic oxidation

Optimized low-content B₄C reinforcement in AZ31 alloy composites fabricated by powder metallurgy

Enhancing forming quality, refining grains, and reducing anisotropy of mechanical properties of WAAM-processed AZ31 alloy by welding torch wobbling

The present paper got the objective to propose and apply a methodology based on plastic behaviour modeling of a magnesium alloy AZ31 and on a Navier-Stokes approach to describe the rib geometry during printing by FDM (Fused deposition modeling). By the plastic modeling the rib section in terms of equivalent radius is obtained by the application of an already proposed constitutive equation under semisolid condition. The same information is obtained by the calculation of dynamic viscosity coefficient of the material under different conditions of nominal extruder nozzles that are 0.3 and 0.1 mm in radius with related extrusion velocity and internal pressure. The rib radius obtained by the plastic model is higher when the big nozzle is used compared with that given by the Navier-Stokes approach while an opposite behaviour is evidenced with the small nozzle where the apparent viscosity is higher. Increasing printing velocity similar rib dimensions are obtained in both the cases.

Synergistic optimization of corrosion resistance in AZ91 alloy by lanthanum microalloying and equal-channel angular pressing

Effect of grain boundary misorientation angle distribution on the mechanical properties of AZ31 alloys

Enhanced microstructural homogeneity and tensile properties of bimodal AZ31 alloy sheet via combined ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification and electropulsing treatment

Manufacturing-induced geometric deviations and corrosion-driven morphological evolution in magnesium lattice scaffolds.

The rapid advancement and widespread application of telecommunication technologies have significantly increased human exposure to electromagnetic waves, thereby intensifying the demand for effective electromagnetic shielding materials. Beyond potential health concerns, ensuring the stable performance of highly integrated electronic devices also necessitates protection against electromagnetic interference (EMI). In this study, the effects of processing conditions on the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of AZ61 magnesium alloy sheets were systematically investigated. Aging treatment of rolled AZ61 alloy promoted the formation of Mg17Al12 lamellae. Transmission Kikuchi diffraction analysis revealed that plate-like Mg17Al12 precipitates preferentially formed on the (0001) planes of the Mg matrix, contributing to improved EMI shielding. The rolled AZ61 sheet exhibited the highest SE in both the as-rolled state (83.1 dB at 900 MHz) and after aging for 131 h at 250 °C (76.2 dB at 900 MHz). The superior shielding performance of the as-rolled sheet is attributed to its high density of deformation-induced defects such as dislocations and twins, which induce lattice distortions and impede wave propagation. Meanwhile, the enhanced SE from the 131 h-aged condition results from multiple reflections of incident electromagnetic waves facilitated by the matrix-precipitate lamellar microstructure.

Magnesium-air battery anodes suffer from self-corrosion, chunk effect, and poor removal of discharge products, resulting in low anode efficiency. Although various modification strategies for Mg anodes have been reported, the effects of Ge content on the microstructure and performance of AZ61 Mg anodes at a fixed La content remain unclear. In this study, AZ61-1La-xGe alloys (x = 0, 0.25, 0.7, and 0.9 wt.%) were prepared, and their microstructure, corrosion behavior, and discharge performance after solution treatment were systematically investigated. Among them, AZ61-1La-0.7Ge exhibited the best overall performance, mainly due to the appropriate addition of Ge, which promoted a uniform distribution of secondary phases and grain refinement, thereby suppressing self-corrosion and chunk effect, improving discharge uniformity, and enhancing anode utilization by facilitating the formation of a loose discharge product layer. This study provides a basis for optimizing the Ge content in La-modified AZ61 Mg alloy anodes.

In order to address the rapid degradation of biomedical magnesium alloy implants in corrosive media, this study employed a surface modification approach. After fluorination pretreatment of AZ31 magnesium alloy, a silicon (Si) thin film was uniformly deposited on the surface using magnetron sputtering, aiming to enhance the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the AZ31 alloy. The corrosion behavior of both coated and uncoated samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) was evaluated through electrochemical tests. Additionally, cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility were assessed using CCK-8 and hemolysis assays, respectively. The results indicate that, compared with the bare magnesium alloy substrate and the magnesium alloy coated with a single sputtered Si thin film, the Si thin film deposited on the fluorinated magnesium alloy substrate exhibits a lower corrosion current density, as well as higher charge transfer resistance, phase angle, and impedance modulus. In addition, the fluorinated Si-coated sample shows lower cytotoxicity. These findings indicate that the combination of fluorination pretreatment and magnetron-sputtered Si thin films is an effective approach for enhancing the early stage corrosion resistance and initial biocompatibility of AZ31 magnesium alloys, providing a promising surface engineering strategy for further investigation.

Corrosion inhibition of AZ31 magnesium alloy in NaCl solution: Role of aromatic carboxylate molecular structures

CIFLE: A physics-based machine learning framework with probabilistic inference for low-cycle fatigue life prediction

This study investigates the microstructural evolution and thermal stability of AZ91 magnesium nanocomposites under controlled thermal exposure conditions. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of nanoparticle reinforcement in enhancing microstructural stability, phase retention, and resistance to thermal degradation in AZ91 magnesium alloy for elevated-temperature applications.AZ91-based nanocomposites and unreinforced AZ91 alloy were subjected to controlled thermal exposure at elevated temperatures for different durations. Microstructural characterisation was carried out using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to analyse grain evolution, phase morphology, and interfacial stability, with particular emphasis on the thermally sensitive β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase. The results demonstrate that the unreinforced AZ91 alloy undergoes significant grain growth and β-phase coarsening during thermal exposure. In contrast, the AZ91 nanocomposites exhibit refined microstructures, suppressed grain growth, and improved stability of the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase. These improvements are attributed to the grain boundary pinning effect and diffusion-restricting behaviour of nanoparticles, which delay microstructural degradation under thermal loading. In conclusion, nanoparticle reinforcement significantly enhances the thermal stability of AZ91 magnesium alloy by stabilising microstructural features and retarding phase degradation during prolonged thermal exposure. The findings confirm that AZ91 magnesium nanocomposites are promising candidates for applications requiring reliable performance in thermally demanding environments.

Samarium and Yttrium co-doped synergistically improve corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of AZ61 alloy

Improving the corrosion resistance and discharge activity of as-extruded AZ80 alloy anode for Mg-air batteries by solid-solution treatment