Awareness Of Workers Research Articles

The Protection of Labor Rights of Chinese Multinational Corporations under the Belt and Road Initiative

With the deepening of the "Belt and Road" Initiative, the number of Chinese overseas workers is increasing, and the protection of labor rights and interests is becoming more and more prominent. This article analyzes the problems in the protection of labor rights and interests of Chinese multinational corporations and their causes, and finds that these problems are mainly concentrated in the aspects of identity legitimacy, law application, discrimination in employment access and neglect of the right to human dignity. The incompleteness of the host country's legal and social security system, the inadequacy of diplomatic and consular protection in the home country, the lack of social responsibility of transnational corporations, and the weak awareness of workers' rights are all important reasons for the violation of workers' rights and interests. In order to solve these problems, the paper proposes optimization paths at the national level, the level of transnational companies and the level of workers themselves, including building regional agreements, strengthening legal aid, implementing legal training and raising awareness of self-protection. Through multi-faceted efforts, we can better protect the legitimate rights and interests of overseas workers of Chinese multinational companies, promote the smooth implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, and achieve the goal of win-win cooperation.

Status of Construction Safety in Local Road Bridge Construction and its Consequences in Project Implementation: A Study in Gandaki Province, Nepal

After federalization of Nepal, bridge construction in local roads by provincial levels is in increasing trend. Being highly technical and of risky nature, construction safety needs to be ensured in bridge construction. However, in countries like Nepal, safety issues are considered, with follow up measures, only after the accidents occur at construction sites. In this context, this study aims to assess the present status and consequences of construction safety in local roads bridge project implementation and explore some improvements measures. A quantitative descriptive design was adopted for the study and 30 completed bridge samples from Gandaki province were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire survey with 56 participants directly related to bridge construction and policy implementation. This study revealed that most of the bridge construction sites have poor workplace safety and worker’s welfare, inadequate provision and use of PPE, lack of trainings and awareness to workers as well as the absence of safety plans and method statements. Similarly, provisions for unsafe supports, shoring, formworks, concreting, and demolition were not noticed. While the absence of safety supervisor, job safety analysis, recording and reporting accident and diseases was observed, abundant cases were found where less importance was given to construction safety and use of PPE undermining the engineering and administrative hazard control methods in road bridge construction. Slip/trip/low falls, hand/leg/head injury, falling from height, eye problem, injury during erections, vehicle and electric current, cost and time overrun, substandard quality, reduced workers’ productivity, increased workers turnover, low construction safety reputation of contractor, loss/damage of land, irrigation canal, drinking water scheme, dust/noise have been found as consequences of poor safety practices. This clearly indicates that present bridge construction safety practices are inadequate and need substantial improvements for better project implementation. The major areas of improvements include safety as first priority, willingness, awareness and commitment of management, contractor and worker, selection of competent workers, formulation of specific safety rules, regulations, codes and their strict enforcement, good communication, safety training and inspection, motivation, adequate budget provision in contract for safety, provision of PPE, feeling safety as self-responsibility and use of technologies as well.

Perspectives of stakeholders on the implementation of a dietary and exercise intervention for postpartum mothers with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): a community-based qualitative study

Women with a history of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a high risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in their future life. Lifestyle interventions are known to reduce this progression. The success of a lifestyle intervention mainly depends on its feasibility. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a lifestyle intervention programme aimed to attenuate the development of T2DM in mothers with a history of GDM. This qualitative phenomenological study was carried out in selected Medical offices of Health (MOH) areas in Sri Lanka. Postpartum mothers with a history of GDM who have undergone a comprehensive, supervised lifestyle intervention program for 1 year, their family members, and public health midwives (PHM) were recruited for this study. Focus group discussions (FGD) were carried out with mothers and PHM while In-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted with family members. Framework analysis was used for the analysis of data. A total of 94 participants (45 mothers, 40 healthcare workers, and 9 family members) participated in FGDs and IDIs to provide feedback regarding the lifestyle intervention. Sixteen sub-themes emerged under the following four domains; (1) Feelings and experiences about the lifestyle intervention programme for postpartum mothers with a history of GDM (2) Facilitating factors (3) Barriers to implementation and (4) Suggestions for improvement. Spouse support and continued follow-up were major facilitating factors. The negative influence of healthcare workers was identified as a major barrier to appropriate implementation. All participants suggested introducing continuing education programmes to healthcare workers to update their knowledge. The spouse’s support and follow-ups played a pivotal role in terms of the success of the programme. Enhancing awareness of the healthcare workers is also essential to enhance the effectiveness of the programme. It is imperative to introduce a formal intervention programme for the postpartum management of mothers with a history of GDM. It is recommended that the GDM mothers should be followed up in the postpartum period and this should be included in the national postpartum care guidelines.

A case report of human infection with avian influenza H10N3 with a complex respiratory disease history

BackgroundOn March 16th 2024, the first case of Human infection with avian influenza H10N3 since the end of the global COVID-19 Pandemic was reported in Kunming, China. To enhance comprehension of the source of infection and risk factors of the H10N3 virus infection, this case report summarizes the clinical features, epidemiological investigation, and laboratory test results. Provides recommendations for the prevention and control of Human infection with avian influenza H10N3.Case presentationA 51-year-old male with a history of COVID-19 infection and a smoking habit of 30 years, worked in livestock breeding and was exposed to sick and dead poultry before falling ill with fever and chills on 28th February 2024. A week later, he was diagnosed with severe pneumonia, influenza, and respiratory failure by the Third People's Hospital of Kunming(KM-TPH). He was discharged on 17th April and none of his 6 close contacts showed any symptoms of illness. Environmental samples taken from the epidemic spot revealed that peacock feces tested positive for avian influenza sub-type H9 and waterfowl specimens showed positive results for avian influenza sub-type H5. Gene sequencing conducted on positive specimens from the patient's respiratory tract by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) showed a high degree of similarity (98.6–99.5%) with the strain responsible for the second global case of human infected with H10N3 (reported from Zhejiang, China 2022).ConclusionsAccording to the available epidemiological information, there is limited evidence to suggest that H10N3 viruses are excessively lethal. However, adaptive site mutations have been observed in the H10N3 isoform of mammals. While it is unlikely that the H10N3 virus will spread among humans, the possibility of additional cases cannot be entirely ruled out. Symptoms of human infection with H10N3 avian influenza are similar to those of common respiratory infections, which may result in them being overlooked during initial clinical consultations. Therefore, it is essential to improve surveillance of the H10 sub-type of avian influenza and to increase the awareness of hospital-related workers of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin.

‘The National Health Insurance scheme would be good and beneficial but I don’t trust the system …’: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study assessing the awareness and perceptions towards Uganda’s proposed National Health Insurance scheme among informal sector workers in Iganga and Mayuge districts, Uganda

BackgroundMost low-income countries have prioritised implementing national health insurance schemes (NHIs) as a solution to reducing the high out-of-pocket expenditures on health and enhancing access to healthcare, especially among informal...

Legal Risks and Prevention Strategies in Human Resources Management of Y Fujian Branch

As national laws, regulations and rules tend to improve, and the legal awareness of workers and the awareness of their rights gradually rises, the legal risks in the management of human resources in enterprises are increasing, and this change of situation has put forward higher requirements for the level of human resources management in enterprises. This paper mainly introduces the general situation of Y Fujian Branch and analyzes its human resource management status in detail. Then it analyzes the legal risk and its causes in human resource management. Finally, according to the legal risks existing in human resource management of Y Fujian Branch, the corresponding prevention strategies are put forward. It is hoped that this study can provide effective preventive strategies for Y Fujian Branch to fully cope with the legal risks in its human resource management, and can also provide corresponding reference value for other enterprises' human resource management.

Culinary Hygiene and Sanitation: A Systematic Literature Review

Healthy food refers to food that is both sanitary and nourishing. Edible sustenance Hygienic food refers to food that is free from pathogens and contaminants that can pose a health risk. Food processed products typically exhibit vulnerabilities in terms of their safety, including biological or microbiological, chemical, and physical dangers. The occurrence of hazards or pollution, typically resulting from substandard raw materials, processing techniques, and insufficient sanitation and hygiene practices, has raised concerns regarding the awareness of workers or producers involved in handling processed food. This research aims to investigate the topic of Culinary Hygiene and Sanitation through a systematic review of existing literature. This review was conducted utilizing the latest and most advanced methodologies, following the recommended reporting items for reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) standards. The findings of this study clarify that food plays a multifaceted role and serves various purposes, including promoting health, reflecting political and social status, exerting power and fostering cooperation, influencing social and economic standing, embodying cultural values, responding to population density, reflecting changing times, and adhering to principles of hygiene and sanitation. The key elements of the facility are the physical location and structure, the sanitary facilities, the kitchen area, the dining room, and food storage area, the handling of food ingredients and prepared food, the food processing area, the storage area for food ingredients and prepared food, the food serving area, the presentation of food, the equipment used, and the labor involved.

Ergonomics and health risk awareness of workers involved in manual material handling at Sabon Gari Market in Zaria, Nigeria

This study assessed the manual handling of materials in a local market environment and evaluated workers’ awareness of ergonomics and health risks. Of 315 workers surveyed, 308 responded. The findings revealed a high prevalence rate of 96.4% for injuries and musculoskeletal discomfort, attributed to a low ergonomics and health risk awareness rate of only 6.8%. Consequently, 75% of workers resorted to self-medication or drug abuse for relief. The study also explored barriers to using engineering equipment, finding that 26.3% of respondents cited cost as a barrier, while 51% believed that the introduction of engineering equipment would lead to job loss. This research is valuable for practitioners and researchers as it highlights the current state of ergonomics and health risk awareness among workers who handle heavy loads. The study also highlights the need for improved ergonomic practices and health risk awareness to reduce injury rates and promote safer work environments.

Investigation of the Relationship Between Breast Cancer Awareness and Health Literacy in Female Textile Workers

Introduction: The level of breast cancer awareness among female may vary depending on their level of health literacy. Aim: It was aimed to investigate the relationship between breast cancer awareness and health literacy among female textile workers. Method: This study was a cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of female employed as workers in a textile company. The sample included 360 female workers as participants. The Information Form, the Breast Cancer Awareness Scale, and the Health Literacy Scale are the data collection instruments used in the study. Independent samples t-test, ANOVA, and regression analyses were used to evaluate the data. Results: The results were that 73.6% of the participants did not perform regular breast self-examination, and 55.3% had information on early diagnosis and treatment. Signifiant positive correlations were observed between women's breast cancer awareness and the functional (r = 0.135; p = 0.011), interactive (r = 0.145; p = 0.006), and critical (r = 0.156; p = 0.003) sub-scales of health literacy. According regression analysis to the established model, an increase in health literacy scores corresponded to increased breast cancer awareness, explaining 3.9% of the variation. Conclusion: It was revealed that as the health literacy of working female increases, breast cancer awareness will increase. Therefore, the focus should be on supporting the health literacy of women in the risk group, reaching more women in collective institutions and breast cancer awareness activities.

The prevalence of physical and verbal violence among emergency medicine physicians in military hospitals vs non-military hospitals, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: multi-center cross-sectional study

IntroductionIn healthcare settings, physical and verbal attacks are commonly encountered in the workplace among healthcare providers. Patients and patients’ relatives and friends have been reported to be the perpetrators of workplace violence. Among all healthcare settings, emergency department (ED) have been designated as high-risk settings for violence, where more than one-quarter of emergency physicians reported that they were victims of physical assault. This study aimed to report the prevalence of workplace violence against emergency medicine physicians in military and non-military hospitals in Jeddah city.MethodologyA cross-sectional design has been used in this study. An electronic questionnaire was developed through the Google Form Platform and it included demographic data, the occurrence of verbal or physical violence in the workplace to participants, how many times they experienced this violence, the time of incidents, the location either inside or outside the hospital, whether the perpetrators were mostly patients, patient families, or friends, and whether they reported any violence or not. Categorical variables were used to describe frequencies and percentages, while descriptive statistics such as mean and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were used to summarize the scale variables. P < 0.05 was considered for statistically significant differences.ResultsAmong the 100 participants, 76 experienced either physical or verbal violence, or both. The remaining 24 did not experience any sort of violence. 83% of the physicians who have been physically violated were working in non-military hospitals. Of the 72 participants who had experienced verbal violence, 51 (70.8%) were working in a non-military hospital, while 21 (29.2%) were in a military hospital. The most common reason for not reporting was that the participants felt that reporting the violence incidence was useless. Moreover, 92% of participants chose “Train healthcare workers to deal with violent attacks” as a suggested helpful factor in decreasing the number of work-related violence. In addition, “Education of the public” and “Raising awareness of healthcare workers” were chosen as helpful factors as well by 91% and 90% of participants, respectively.ConclusionThis revealed that physicians in non-military hospitals experience higher levels of violence compared to their military counterparts. However, it is concerning that instances of violence are substantially under-reported across both military and non-military healthcare facilities.

Using Eye-Tracking to Measure Worker Situation Awareness in Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality (AR) technology has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing safety in the construction industry by improving the Situation Awareness (SA) of onsite workers. However, there is a lack of methods to quantify the impact of real-time AR visual warnings on developing and updating SA. To address this gap, this paper presents an eye-tracking-based method that quantifies the impact using three metrics: Time to First Fixation (TFF), Dwell Time (DT), and Revisit Interval (RI). A quasi-onsite experiment validated the feasibility of the proposed method and confirmed that AR warnings could reduce the time to reach Level 1 SA by 40.7% and reduce the interval for updating Level 2 and Level 3 SA by 43.45%. This method can be further combined with advanced visualisation measures to address perception, memory, thinking and mobility, eventually leading to insights on mental effort, decision making, interaction with computers, human reliability and work stress.

Public Perception Survey for Social Workers in Turkey: What Do People Think?

This study sought to investigate the public perception of social workers in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. In this research, a questionnaire developed by Bolgün and Şahin (2019)was employed, and using the convenience sampling method face-to-face interviews were held with a total of 600 participants. Using various statistical tests, normally distributed scores were compared. The independent samples t-test was used for gender, previous social service applications, and contact with social workers. ANOVA compared age, education, household size, income, and residence city, with LSD post hoc tests for significant differences. Pearson correlation assessed the relationship between knowledge and attitude toward social workers, while multiple regression analyzed the effect of knowledge on attitude. The participants’ knowledge of the working fields, client profiles, and roles of social workers, as well as the total score of the knowledge about social workers, was found to be at a moderate level. Their attitudes toward social workers were generally good level; however, the majority of the participants (n = 501) think that social workers are not well known in the society. Despite the positive attitude scores of the participants, there is a need for promotional activities, advertisements, meetings, and television and radio programs raising the social awareness of social workers to a higher level, which would raise public perception.

Awareness and preparedness level of medical workers for radiation and nuclear emergency response.

Radiological science and nuclear technology have made great strides in the twenty-first century, with wide-ranging applications in various fields, including energy, medicine, and industry. However, those developments have been accompanied by the inherent risks of exposure to nuclear radiation, which is a source of concern owing to its potentially adverse effects on human health and safety and which is of particular relevance to medical personnel who may be exposed to certain cancers associated with low-dose radiation in their working environment. While medical radiation workers have seen a decrease in their occupational exposure since the 1950s thanks to improved measures for radiation protection, a concerning lack of understanding and awareness persists among medical professionals regarding these potential hazards and the required safety precautions. This issue is further compounded by insufficient capabilities in emergency response. This highlights the urgent need to strengthen radiation safety education and training to ensure the well-being of medical staff who play a critical role in radiological and nuclear emergencies. This review examines the health hazards of nuclear radiation to healthcare workers and the awareness and willingness and education of healthcare workers on radiation protection, calling for improved training programs and emergency response skills to mitigate the risks of radiation exposure in the occupational environment, providing a catalyst for future enhancement of radiation safety protocols and fostering of a culture of safety in the medical community.

Musculoskeletal disorders and visual problems among surgical versus medical physicians: A cross-sectional study.

The healthcare industry is one of the main industries with a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Surgical practice mostly involves repetitive tasks with fine motor control, precise motions, high levels of mental concentration, and close visual focus. This cross-sectional study aimed to define the prevalence and risk factors of MSDs and visual problems among physicians. One hundred surgical physicians and one hundred medical physicians were involved in the study. Both groups underwent assessment of socio-demographic and occupational history, alongside evaluation for musculoskeletal and visual problems. The study revealed a significantly higher prevalence of MSDs, particularly neck and back pain, as well as blurred near vision and eye dryness, among surgical physicians compared to medical physicians. Risk factors for these conditions included long working hours (≥30h/week) in clinics or operating rooms, as well as using endoscopes and microscopes/loupes during surgery. In conclusion, MSDs and visual problems were prevalent among physicians, particularly surgical physicians. Integrating ergonomic principles across all domains of healthcare and promoting healthcare worker awareness through training and intervention programs are crucial steps in addressing these issues.

Assessment of Microbial Contamination and Metabolite Exposure in Cosmetic Products Used in Women's Beauty Salons.

An important route of microbial transmission is the shared use of these products in beauty salons. We aimed to investigate level of contamination with microorganisms and their metabolites in shared-use cosmetics in several women's beauty salons. Bacterial and fungal strains from 320 opened/used cosmetic samples were identified according to the Iranian standards for microbial quality of cosmetic products in Golestan Province (North of Iran) during Jul-Sep 2021. In order to assess production of toxins and protease by the predominant bacterial and fungal isolates, multiplex-polymerase chain reaction and the Lowry protein assay were performed, respectively. Microbial contamination was detected in 180 samples (56.5%), and the highest and lowest rates of microbial contamination were related to skin products (63.88%) and eye beauty products (20%), respectively. The highest level of S. aureus contamination (> 4,000 colony-forming units/g) was found in toner and face wash samples, and the highest level of C. albicans contamination was seen in lipstick samples (>20,000 colony-forming units/g). Only one (2%) S. aureus isolate produced staphylococcal enterotoxin B, while 3 out of 12 (25%) C. albicans isolates were able to produce protease. The shared-used health and beauty products, face products, in the study area are heavily contaminated. Therefore, it is essential to store used cosmetics in dry and cool places, establish strict inspection regulations for cosmetic products before and after entering the market, and increase awareness of beauty salon workers regarding the appropriate use, sanitary control, and maintenance of health and beauty products.

Pendampingan Prosedur Keselamatan Kerja pada UMKM Produksi Furniture CV Rumah Menyala di Kabupaten Batang

The furniture industry is a strategic commodity supporting national foreign exchange. Indonesia has great potential in developing this industry, supported by the availability of raw materials such as wood, rattan, and bamboo and an abundant workforce. However, workplaces in this sector, both formal and informal, have various potential hazards that can affect the health and safety of workers. This research aims to provide stimulus in the form of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and work safety signs to CV Rumah Menyala furniture MSMEs in Tegalsari Village, Kandeman, Batang, to improve worker safety and health. This activity includes the formation of an Occupational Safety and Health Advisory Committee (P2K3), education regarding hazard and risk mapping, and preparing work safety SOP documents. The activity results show increased worker awareness regarding the importance of using PPE and managing work safety. However, ongoing efforts are still needed to implement work safety SOPs with discipline. In this way, it is hoped that the risk of occupational diseases and work accidents can be minimized to increase worker productivity

Knowledge, awareness and practices of healthcare workers regarding antimicrobial use, resistance and stewardship in Zambia: a multi-facility cross-sectional study.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a threat to public health globally. Despite its consequences, there is little information about the knowledge, awareness, and practices towards AMR among healthcare workers (HCWs). Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge, awareness and practices regarding antimicrobial use (AMU), AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) among HCWs who are involved in the implementation of AMS activities across eight hospitals in Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 64 HCWs from October to December 2023 using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Of the 64 HCWs, 59.4% were females, 60.9% were aged between 25 and 34 years, 37.5% were nurses, 18.7% were pharmacists, 17.2% were medical doctors and only one was a microbiologist. Overall, 75% of the HCWs had good knowledge, 84% were highly aware and 84% had good practices regarding AMU, AMR and AMS. Most of the HCWs (90.6%) responded that they had a multidisciplinary AMS team at their hospitals and were implementing the use of the WHO AWaRe classification of antibiotics. This study found good knowledge levels, high awareness and good practices regarding AMU, AMR and AMS among HCWs who were involved in the implementation of AMS activities in hospitals in Zambia. Additionally, most hospitals have been conducting AMS training and implementing the use of the WHO AWaRe classification of antibiotics. However, there is still a need to address some identified gaps in AMU and AMR through the strengthening of AMS activities in hospitals.

Investigation of Workplace Recreation Awareness and Burnout Levels of Workers

The aim of this research is to explore the workplace recreation awareness and burnout levels of mine workers according to some variables and to examine the relationship between them. The population of the research consists of 1020 individuals working as mine workers in the Zonguldak TTK Directorate Üzülmez Enterprise Establishment in 2022-2023. The sample of the research consists of 405 mine workers selected from these participants by simple random sampling method. In the study, the "Personal Information Form" including demographic questions, the "Workplace Recreation Awareness Perception Scale" and "Burnout Scale Short Version" were used as data collection tools in the study. The SPSS package program was used in the statistical analysis. Kruskal Wallis test which is a non-parametric test and Pearson Correlation analysis for relationship of scales were used. According to analysis it was found a significant difference between participants’ educational statue and workplace recreation awareness and burnout levels. Also, it was found a significant difference between economic status and burnout states and the personal well-being and adjustment sub-dimension of the IREFA scale. As a result, a significant, positive, and high relationship was determined between the sub-dimensions of workers' personal well-being and harmony and the sub-dimensions of corporate awareness and development. It was determined that there is a negative and weak relationship between the burnout dimension and personal well-being and harmony, corporate awareness, and development.

Healthcare Workers' Anxiety Levels and Mindful Attention Awareness Towards the COVID-19 Pandemic

Aim: Mindful attention awareness and anxiety levels of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic were unknown. In this study, we aimed to measure the behavioral changes of healthcare workers together with their anxiety and mindful attention awareness levels during the pandemic. Methods: A brief mental health examination was conducted on healthcare workers who were actively involved in the COVID-19 pandemic to identify any dysfunctional anxiety issues associated with COVID-19. A survey containing behavioral changes, as well as a coronavirus anxiety scale and mindful attention awareness scale were administered to healthcare workers during the pandemic. Results: A total of 146 healthcare workers, 56.2% of women were included in the study. The coronavirus anxiety scale score values of the participants were a mean of 4±4.4 (Min=0-Max=20), and 13.7% of them had high levels of anxiety. The mean score for the mindful attention awareness scale score was a mean 59.4±13.9 (Min=22-Max=90). Females had higher coronavirus anxiety scale scores (p=0.003), but males had greater mindful attention awareness scale scores (p=0.001). It was determined that the coronavirus anxiety scale total scores averages of healthcare workers whose sleep (p=0.001), out-of-hospital clothing (p=0.006), and eating habits (p=0.017) changed during the pandemic were statistically significantly higher (p&amp;lt;0.05). Healthcare workers with higher coronavirus anxiety scores used more prophylactic drugs and supplements/vitamins after contact with COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: Although the coronavirus anxiety scale score was below average and the mindful attention awareness scale score was above average, healthcare workers' behaviors changed during the pandemic. Coronavirus anxiety and mindful attention awareness scale levels affected the behaviors of healthcare workers. Psychosocial support programs must be provided to healthcare workers during the pandemic.

The Current State of Knowledge on Osteoporosis in Holocaust Survivors and Their Descendants.

Starvation in early life can cause poor bone health and metabolic aberrations in bone minerals, leading to abnormal bone development. Holocaust survivors have been exposed to starvation and malnutrition before and during World War II. This paper aims to provide the current state of knowledge on the osteoporosis risk in Holocaust survivors and their descendants. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched. Papers that reported original data on the risk of osteoporosis in Holocaust survivors and in their offspring were included in the study. Ten studies were included in this review. The majority of studies were case-control ones (n=7) versus two self-reported and one longitudinal study. Despite the limited cohort numbers and the small number of studies in the literature, the data showed a potential increased risk of osteoporosis in Holocaust survivors and especially in their descendants. The review of these studies showed a higher prevalence of osteoporosis among Holocaust survivors and their offspring. Knowledge of the trans-generational inheritance of osteoporosis in the descendants of Holocaust survivors should increase the awareness of primary care health workers on osteoporosis screening and early diagnosis and implementation of preventive measures, including adequate vitamin D and calcium supplementation, and pharmacological treatment.