As African economies pursue economic growth under increasing environmental pressure, the role of institutional frameworks in promoting environmental sustainability has become increasingly important. This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of economic and regulatory institutions on environmental sustainability in 33 African countries between 2008 and 2022. Using data from the World Governance Indicators, the World Economic Freedom Database, the Global Footprint Network, and the World Development Indicators, the analysis applies the System Generalized Method of Moments to address endogeneity and dynamic persistence. The findings indicate strong persistence in environmental sustainability outcomes. Economic institutions such as government size, legal systems and property rights, sound money, and freedom to trade have a positive and statistically significant effect on environmental sustainability, whereas foreign direct investment is associated with negative environmental outcomes. Regulatory institutions including control of corruption, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and the rule of law further improve environmental performance. The interaction results show that the effectiveness of economic policies depends heavily on governance quality. Beyond economy wide implications, the findings are also relevant for environmentally sensitive and highly regulated sectors such as civil aviation, where weak institutional capacity can limit the implementation of sustainable aviation policies and alignment with global initiatives such as the International Civil Aviation Organization’s CORSIA framework.

The aviation sector is characterized by high-density flight operations and chronic stressors that compromise worker health. This study focuses on burnout syndrome as a multidimensional phenomenon resulting from the interaction between high emotional demands and personal resources. The primary objective was to analyze the relationship between job satisfaction and health problems among cabin crew members, testing a structural model where burnout-specifically its dimensions of enthusiasm toward the job, psychological strain, indolence, and guilt-acts as a mediating factor. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was implemented with a sample of 732 cabin crew members from an international airline. Participants completed the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) and the UNIPSICO subscales for job satisfaction and psychosomatic problems. Data was processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate the hypothesized interdependent relationships and global model fit. The structural model demonstrated an acceptable fit (CFI = 0.890; RMSEA = 0.056), confirming that job satisfaction is positively related to enthusiasm toward the job and inversely associated with psychological strain. All burnout dimensions were significantly linked to health outcomes; notably, guilt was identified as a critical mediator between indolence and psychosomatic problems. The findings underscore burnout as an insidiously progressive process that mediates the deterioration of cabin crew health. The study highlights guilt as a determining factor in the syndrome's severity. Consequently, preventive organizational strategies must move beyond general fatigue management to include emotional labor training and early diagnosis of psychosocial risks to preserve operational safety and crew well-being.

Anti-icing coatings have gained significant attention to prevent ice accretion on infrastructure surfaces, particularly in aviation, power, and transportation sectors, owing to their energy-saving and satisfactory anti-icing performance. However, dust accumulation on anti-icing coating surfaces significantly weakens their protective performance. Dust particulates adsorbed on the coating surfaces via electrostatic interaction is challenging to remove by wind power or rain washing alone. Herein, the dust-induced icing process is clarified, and the process is effectively suppressed by a self-constraining lubricant (SCL) coating based on ionic liquids (ILs) and zwitterionic copolymers. ILs (EMIES), embedded into the PDMS matrix, enhance the coating's conductivity (≈2.04 S/m) to dissipate surface static electricity and prevent the electrostatic adsorption of charged dust particles. The zwitterionic copolymer in SCL coating is designed to constrain ILs via electrostatic interaction and provide hydrophilic segments to enhance anti-icing as well as deicing properties (heterogeneous ice nucleation temperature of -27.9°C, icing delay time of 1458 s, and ice adhesion strength of 8.1kPa). This SCL coating presents dust-repellent performance and retains excellent anti-icing properties even when suffering from dust deposition. Meanwhile, it still maintained low ice adhesion strength after 30 icing-deicing cycles. This work establishes a new dust-repellent and anti-icing strategy for outdoor infrastructure.

Which processes to making biojet/Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) are likely to supplement the predominant, HEFA/lipid-to-biojet production route?

Understanding how organizational socialization shapes organizational commitment: A qualitative study in the aviation industry.

Organizational consensus, while appearing productive, often masks critical decision-making vulnerabilities. This article examines the phenomenon of false consensus in organizational settings, exploring how apparent agreement can signal groupthink, power asymmetries, or psychological safety deficits rather than genuine alignment. Drawing on social psychology, organizational behavior, and decision science research, we analyze the organizational and individual costs of unchallenged consensus, including strategic blind spots, innovation suppression, and erosion of employee voice. Evidence-based interventions are presented, spanning structured dissent protocols, psychological safety cultivation, decision process redesign, and governance mechanisms that institutionalize productive conflict. The analysis integrates empirical findings with practitioner cases across healthcare, technology, aviation, and financial services sectors, demonstrating how leading organizations transform consensus culture into constructive challenge systems that improve decision quality and organizational resilience.

Reducing the environmental impact of the aviation sector is a pressing concern. The adoption of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) to replace current fossil-based fuel is one of the most promising pathways for decarbonizing this sector. Currently, processes for producing iso- and n-alkanes-taking 50% of the composition of the jet fuel-are approved as alternatives to fossil-based procedures. However, to generate a fully sustainable blend, the production of cyclic hydrocarbons such as naphthenes and aromatics is also required. This perspective examines the potential of lignin from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) as an alternative feedstock for producing naphthenes and aromatics through lignin hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). A mass-balancing exercise at European scale, based on harvestable woody biomass scenarios and recent product yields from state-of-the-art lignin-first biorefinery technology, demonstrates a balanced supply and demand toward a sustainable production of naphthenes and aromatics for SAF. The study reveals that developing feedstock-flexible LCB biorefining technologies-with promising perspective for the reductive catalytic fractionation case-will be critical to comply with European regulations and integrate into current industrial lignocellulosic biomass value-chains.

Training health services administration (HSA) professionals is essential for the effective functioning of hospitals. Evidence suggests that training should emphasize social and decision-making competencies, as HSA professionals collaborate in an interprofessional environment. Simulation training (ST) for HSA in an interprofessional context is a promising approach. This study evaluated the effectiveness of such a training program on leadership self-efficacy, examined differences across professions and tested whether there was an interaction between profession and training effects. This retrospective study was conducted at the simulation center of Metropole Savoie Hospital in France. The 3-day program was mandatory for all HSA professionals, and included customized simulation scenarios, interprofessional collaboration and integration of aviation sector for their expertise in leadership skills employed in crisis management. Self-efficacy was measured by a specifically constructed questionnaire administered at baseline (T0), post training (T1) and 4 months post-training (T2). The ST program significantly increased leadership self-efficacy. Self-efficacy improved post-training (p. < 001, mean change = 31.67, 95% CI [28.06, 35.28], d = 1.75) and increased self-efficacy was maintained for 4 months (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.70, T0-T1 Δ = 32.05 [26.71-37.39], T0-T2 Δ = 2.43 [-7.77-2.90], η2p = 0.70). There was a significant main effect of profession with executive physicians reporting lower self-efficacy than other professionals combined (p < 0.001, mean difference = -22.56, 95% CI [14.83-30.30], η2p = 0.66). No significant interaction between profession and program was observed (p > 0.05). ST shows promise for enhancing leadership skills in HSA, particularly in an interprofessional context. Executive physicians remain a key group for targeted training, as their lower self-efficacy suggests, they may benefit from interventions aimed at strengthening leadership skills. Advancing in this direction will reinforce the findings.

Throughout the 21st century, severe and extreme weather events have led to climate change, bringing forth a high rate of occurrence in various countries of the world. The aviation sector significantly contributes to climate change, resulting in a profound impact on the industry itself. This study examined the effects of climate change on the aviation industry in the three busiest airports in Nigeria by adopting qualitative research on four distinct themes. After analysing the collected material and presenting the results, thematic analysis was deployed using ATLAS.ti ti-9. Separate text files were created from the interviews that were recorded by transcription. The result demonstrated that as climate change increases, the impacts increase. It also shows that the effects of climate change on the aviation industry are exacerbated when aviation capacity is constrained. The study recommends that the aviation industry in Nigeria must be willing and ready to take prompt action to adapt and build resilience in the industry.

In this study, the performance of G20 countries in the aviation sector in 2023 is analyzed comparatively. The aim is to reveal the extent to which countries are able to maximize their sectoral outputs with the available resources. Inputs (number of commercial airports, aviation investment, total number of employees) and outputs (annual passenger traffic, cargo volume, economic contribution of aviation) are considered. Turkey, USA, Germany, UK, China, France, South Korea, Indonesia, Argentina, Italy and South Africa were found to be fully efficient. In contrast, Australia, Brazil, India, Japan, Japan, Canada, Mexico, Mexico and Saudi Arabia were below the efficiency threshold. In particular, South Korea and the USA stand out as the most exemplary reference units for many countries. The findings provide policy recommendations for more efficient use of resources in the aviation sector.

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the recovery of aviation tourism in Ukraine in the post-war period. The concept of aviation tourism is analysed as a component of transport tourism, and the significance of air transport for the socio-economic development of the state is determined. The role of air transport as a key factor in the post-war recovery of the tourism sector is substantiated. It is emphasised that the pace of tourism recovery in Ukraine and its capacity to integrate into global processes of sustainable tourism development will largely depend on the efficiency of air transport operations. The state of Ukraine’s aviation sector as of 2019 is reviewed, with an analysis of passenger traffic at the leading airports of Kyiv, Lviv, Dnipro, Odesa and Kharkiv. The condition of Ukraine’s aviation infrastructure, as well as the scale of losses and destruction, is examined. The main challenges hindering the recovery of air transport are identified, including the war in Ukraine, loss of market share due to the prolonged closure of airspace to civil aviation, destruction and damage to airport infrastructure as a result of hostilities, significant wear of the aircraft fleet, safety risks, and non-compliance with international safety and service standards. Based on the analysis of international experience in the recovery of aviation tourism following the cessation of hostilities and the reopening of Ukrainian airspace, strategic guidelines for the development of aviation tourism in Ukraine are proposed. These include the reconstruction and modernisation of airports, renewal of the aircraft fleet, development of domestic air connectivity, implementation of European safety standards, expansion of public–private partnerships, and ecological transformation of the sector. The restoration of air transport connectivity is crucial for the development of international tourism and for enhancing domestic tourist mobility.

This research addresses critical challenges in aviation supply chain risk. In terms of AHP methodology, the research provides goals and performance evaluation of the organizations, covering eleven sub-factors, using expert judgments from professionals who have domain experience of 16-20+ years. This hierarchical arrangement allows for a systematic prioritization of complex, interdependent criteria through the use of pairwise comparisons, validation, and verification for consistencies. The findings of the real-world assessments make it clear that Operational Risk Control is the most dominant strategy at 42.5%, and that Supply Disruption is formally presented as the most critical risk factor at 35.2%. Quality &amp; Safety Compliance is here presented as the most critical performance dimension at 45.2%-well adorned for this industry. Among considerations of financial stability, Cost Efficiency is the first priority at 38.5%-With more shows of concern, Working Capital Optimization (28.9%) and Risk Mitigation Cost (19.8%) presents balance. For supply disruption, the robust results show Supplier Diversification (50.7%) to be the most effective solution, with Advanced Tracking Technology (35.4%) and Improved Demand Forecasting (38.2%) close or pulling equal strengths in terms of meeting performance requirements for delivery reliability. All cases have been found to have CRs smaller than or equal to 0.1, which completes the validation process. Proper delineation for decision-making efficacy is, therefore, put at the disposal of aviation industry stakeholders willing to pursue an increased-resilience agenda in its supply chains with a variance on prioritization strategy instead of one-size-fits-all. This study contributes to the further development of academia in the guise of an applied method of analytical process development using the AHP methodology while deliberating with the industry on proactive reshaping of aviation supply chain resilience under exponentially risky operational environments-an indication that in this industry, considerations of quality and safety far outweigh traditional measures of efficiency.

Investor sentiment has emerged as a powerful factor in financial forecasting, particularly in the context of real-time digital information flows. This study explores the asymmetric effect of sentiment across five sectors in the BIST 30 Index: Energy, Aviation, Defense, Banking, and Steel. Using a hybrid deep learning architecture that integrates a Turkish BERT model for sentiment extraction and LSTM networks for price prediction, we evaluate the predictive performance of sentiment-augmented models versus traditional technical-only models. Results show significant sectoral variation: sentiment improves forecast accuracy in Energy (+14.31%), Aviation (+3.81%), and Defence (+1.58%) sectors, while deteriorating performance in Banking (-1.50%) and Steel (-10.03%). These findings challenge the universal applicability of sentiment analysis and highlight the need for context-aware, sector-specific financial modeling and suggest that sentiment acts as signal in event-driven sectors but as noise in macro-driven or commodity-dependent industries.

Abstract The wrought CrCoNi-base C-264 superalloy exhibits a relatively low γ ′-phase volume percentage of 12.5 pct. Consequently, this alloy is malleable in the solution-treated state and can be hot and cold-rolled to obtain semi-finished products with good weldability. Subsequent precipitation-hardening establishes excellent mechanical properties, including good creep and thermomechanical fatigue resistance. Due to this combination of properties, together with good oxidation resistance and long-term phase stability, this superalloy is suitable for high-temperature applications up to 950 °C in stationary components for the aviation, automotive, and power generation sectors. To face the ever-increasing operating temperatures and more severe loading conditions, the composition of wrought superalloys has been incrementally modified, becoming relatively complex with about ten alloying elements. Each of these elements affects various properties that are challenging to predict. To further optimize these materials, it is necessary to systematically investigate the influence of small chemical changes on as many aspects as possible. This work will serve this purpose by investigating the influence of small variations in Ti and Al content ( γ ′-formers) on phase stability, precipitation kinetics of beneficial and detrimental phases, microstructure, and creep properties between 880 °C and 1000 °C using several experimental and simulation approaches. Graphical Abstract

Decarbonisation of the aviation sector is essential for achieving global-climate targets, with hydrogen propulsion emerging as a viable alternative to battery–electric systems for vertical flight. Unlike previous studies focusing on clean-sheet eVTOL concepts or fixed-wing platforms, this work provides a comprehensive retrofit evaluation of a two-seat light helicopter (Cabri G2/Robinson R22 class) to a hydrogen–electric hybrid powertrain built around a Toyota TFCM2-B PEM fuel cell (85 kW net), a 30 kg lithium-ion buffer battery, and 700 bar Type-IV hydrogen storage totalling 5 kg, aligned with the Vertical Flight Society (VFS) mission profile. The mass breakdown, mission energy equations, and segment-wise hydrogen use for a 100 km sortie are documented using a single main rotor with a radius of R = 3.39 m, with power-by-segment calculations taken from the team’s final proposal. Screening-level simulations are used solely for architectural assessment; no experimental validation is performed. Mission analysis indicates a 100 km operational range with only 3.06 kg of hydrogen consumption (39% fuel reserve). The main contribution is a quantified demonstration of a practical retrofit pathway for light rotorcraft, showing approximately 1.8–2.2 times greater range (100 km vs. 45–55 km battery-only baseline, including respective safety reserves). The Hawk demonstrates a 28% reduction in total propulsion system mass (199 kg including PEMFC stack and balance-of-plant 109 kg, H2 storage 20 kg, battery 30 kg, and motor with gearbox 40 kg) compared to a battery-only configuration (254.5 kg battery pack, plus equivalent 40 kg motor and gearbox), representing approximately 32% system-level mass savings when thermal-management subsystems (15 kg) are included for both configurations.

Background Rapid digital transformation and evolving organizational environments have increased the importance of understanding how workplace technologies and cultural conditions influence employee behavior and performance. Digital Employee Experience (DEX) and Organizational Culture are increasingly recognized as critical organizational resources that shape employees’ psychological states, particularly Employee Engagement, which subsequently drives individual performance. However, limited empirical evidence exists regarding how these factors simultaneously interact within highly regulated and operationally complex industries such as aviation. Methods This study employed a quantitative explanatory design using data collected from 340 employees of PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk across five major directorates. A structured questionnaire measured DEX, Organizational Culture, Employee Engagement, and Employee Performance using validated reflective indicators. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test direct and mediating effects. The measurement model demonstrated strong reliability and validity, meeting thresholds for outer loadings, composite reliability, AVE, and discriminant validity. Results The findings indicate that both Digital Employee Experience and Organizational Culture have significant positive effects on Employee Engagement and Employee Performance. Employee Engagement emerged as the strongest predictor of performance and served as a significant mediator linking DEX and Organizational Culture to performance outcomes. The structural model showed substantial explanatory power, indicating that organizational and digital resources influence performance largely through their effects on employee psychological engagement. Conclusions The study provides empirical support for the Job Demands–Resources framework by demonstrating that digital work environments and strong organizational cultures function as key job resources that enhance engagement and, in turn, improve performance. For organizations particularly in the aviation sector investing in high-quality digital systems, strengthening cultural alignment, and fostering employee engagement are essential strategies for sustaining performance in the face of digital transformation. Future research should incorporate longitudinal designs and multi-source data to further validate these findings.

In this paper, we examine the existing artificial intelligence policy documents in aviation for the following three regions: the United States, the European Union, and China. These global economic leaders were selected for their dominance in economic activity; as a result, their influence on aviation policy direction is a logical assumption. Historically, the aviation industry has always been a first mover in adopting technological advancements. This early adoption offers valuable insights because of its stringent regulations and safety-critical procedures. Consequently, the aviation industry provides an optimal platform to address AI vulnerabilities through its stringent regulations, standardized processes, and certification of new technologies. Our research aims to compare AI regulations across these regions to guide other sectors in shaping effective policies. The findings of our comparative analysis show that there are vastly differing approaches to the application of AI regulations in the aviation sector, thus weakening desired prospects for global cooperation and worsening existing geopolitical tensions. Therefore, we propose a hybrid model approach as a way forward. Under this model, regions maintain their distinctive AI policies but collaborate on high-risk aviation applications through joint working groups, shared safety intelligence, or mutual recognition agreements. This would preserve incentives for innovation but also reduce regulatory friction.

The increased usage of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools into the mechanical devices in manner of normal everyday use within the aviation industry raised the concerns about cybersecurity. The extent of common flaws and vulnerabilities in the software tools that power these systems grows as their level of integration increases. Moreover, these concerns are becoming even more acute as the implementation of modern electronic smart devices on aircraft and airports in the aviation industry is increasing. The data on cyber-attacks and threats to air traffic security over the past twenty years can help identify, map and analyze trends and insights that are important to maintaining the security and resilience of aviation systems. The main objective is to identify the subjects of the common threat, their motivations, types of attacks and mapping the vulnerabilities of those elements of the aviation critical infrastructure, which are most often the subject of constant attack campaigns. Such analyzes should enable improved understanding both the current and potential future challenges to cybersecurity protection in the aviation sector. The main threats to the industry come from Advance Persistent Threat (APT) groups, which in cooperation with certain criminal structures and state intelligence institutions, steal intellectual property data in order to advance their own national aviation capabilities, as well as to monitor, to infiltrate and undermine the capabilities of other sovereign nations. The most commonly attacked segment of the aviation industry is the information technology (IT) infrastructure, while the most prominent type of attack is malicious hacking with the intention of gaining unauthorized access to confidential and sensitive information. Analysis of the range of attacked platforms and existing threat dynamics is used as a basis for predicting future cyber-attacks trends. Insights arising from the review should support future definition and implementation of proactive measures that protect aviation critical infrastructures from cyber-incidents that erode customer confidence in a key service-oriented industry.

Metal pollution in urban areas has become a serious problem during the last two decades because of vehicular emission, industrial activity, fossil fuel use, and their accumulation constitutes a serious environmental hazard. The aviation sector puts additional impact on the environment further impacting human health. Urban trees can uptake and accumulate pollutants in their tissues, through their roots and leaves. This study aimed to determine whether airport traffic has toxic effects on airport's vegetation, to compare five urban trees with different morphological and silvicultural characteristics (Pinus brutia, Tamarix sp., Populus alba, Olea europaea, Nerium oleander) regarding their foliar metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Fe, Co, Cr, Cd, Zn) accumulation, and to find out how proximity to the airport affects above accumulation. Airport of Thessaloniki, northern Greece (SKG) was the case study where data were collected. Results showed that forest tree species presented different heavy metal accumulation patterns. The metals concentration in leaf samples was low and did not exceed toxicity threshold, both inside and outside the airport area. The taller trees with extensive crown surface area i.e., the deciduous and fast-growing tree species P. alba and the evergreen conifer tree species P. brutia, were the most affected. The proximity to the airport area had strong influence on the metal's concentrations in the foliage of P. brutia, while in the other tree species it significantly affected only one or two metals.

Abstract With the forthcoming introduction of novel propulsion systems into the aviation sector, there is a need for adapted prediction methods for Maintenance, Repair &amp; Overhaul (MRO). This study presents a holistic approach, covering aircraft mission analysis, operating simulation of the propulsion system, modular degradation progression, and condition-based maintenance cost estimation. The model is applied to a turbofan engine with 1 MW and 2 MW parallel-electric hybridization as an example, where peak-shaving at takeoff and climb causes a considerable change of the typical load profile of turbofan engines. With regard to statistic data of operational parameters, atmospheric data as well as reference data of degradation and costs of conventional turbofan engines from literature, the model simulates a reduced exhaust gas temperature degradation rate of 2.1 K/1000EFC and more stable maintenance costs. The deceleration of degradation is found to be dominated by reduced thermal loading of the hot section of the engine. Thereby, operational severity does not scale linearly with the degree in hybridization. Simulating full mission profiles proofs to be vital, as the critical operating point can shift from takeoff into the climb phase. Being adaptable to other airframes and novel propulsion systems, the approach provides a high degree of flexibility and may be useful to simulate operational severity and MRO with low computational effort, where no field data is yet available.