Average S1 Research Articles

Exploring the potential of drill cuttings for reservoir characterization: A case study from the Volga-Ural basin, Russia

The research objectives are to assess the possibility of using drill cutting analysis to obtain information about the mineralogical and geochemical properties of the reservoir rocks. Drill cutting samples were collected from a vertical well that penetrated the Domanik sediments (Semiluksk Formation) in one of the oil fields in the Volga-Ural petroleum province. Thin sections from drill cuttings were examined using an optical polarizing microscope (Axio Imager A2). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed using a Brucker D2 Phaser X-ray powder diffractometer. Thermophysical properties were studied using an STA 449 F3 Jupiter instrument. The pyrolytic studies were performed using the Rock-Eval method. Visual inspection showed that the studied sediments are alternations of carbonates and siliceous-carbonate rocks. Thin section examinations revealed that the carbonates are mainly limestone (mudstone and wackestone) and are characterized by a dense texture and up to 30 % organic residues. The siliceous-carbonate rocks are dominated by siliceous mudstones and are characterized by dark colours, layered structure, and an enrichment in organic matter. XRD analyses showed that the carbonate rocks are mainly composed of calcite, dolomite, quartz, feldspar, and mica, which are minor components. The siliceous-carbonate rocks are dominated by quartz, followed by calcite, although they also contain feldspars, mica, dolomite, and pyrite as impurities. According to the simultaneous thermal analysis, the average total hydrocarbon in the carbonate and siliceous-carbonate rocks is 13.6 % (for the core samples) and 11.5 % (for the drill cutting samples). The content of heavy hydrocarbons in the rocks is higher than the content of light hydrocarbons, indicating the immature nature of organic matter. Kerogen is found sporadically in siliceous-carbonate rocks. According to the pyrolytic studies, average S1 is 4.4 mg/g and average S2 is 19.8 mg/g (for the core samples); average S1 is 2.1 mg/g and average S2 is 17.8 mg/g (for the drill cutting samples), which indicated that the studied sediments have very good to excellent generation potential. The average Tmax of 425.7 °C (for the drill cutting samples) and 427.9 °C (for the core samples) indicate immature organic matter that generated only heavy oils. Comparing the results of the analysed drill cutting samples with the results of the analysed core analysis from the same reservoir interval in the neighbouring wells showed a good correlation, which proves that this technique is a valid tool that provides an alternative, cost-effective method to determine the rock's characteristics from drill cuttings.

The relationship of the posterior iliac interval and the S1 screw trajectory

IntroductionSurgical fixation is widely practised in the management of spinal deformity. S1 screws are commonly incorporated in lumbosacral fusions and can be performed in both open and percutaneous techniques. However, their entry point is determined by the position of the pedicle as well as the posterior iliac interval (PII), as it creates an impedance for screw angulation. A wider angle screw has the potential to achieve a greater length and thus strength versus a narrow screw angle insertion due to risk of anterior breach. MethodsA retrospective analysis of 50 consecutive patients between July 2018 andDecember 2021 undergoing lumbo-sacral fusion with include S1 screw insertion from a single institution and surgeon. The age, screw angles, and the posterior iliac intervals were measured. ResultsThe patients ranged from age 27 to 83 years old (mean 64.7) with a posterior iliac interval (PII) ranging from 7.76 to 12.62 cm (mean 10.24) and the average S1 screw angle on the right was 76.01 degrees (range 59.37 to 88.48) and on the left 74.37 degrees (range 59.75 to 87.47 degrees). Applying the Pearson Correlation co-efficient, a wider PII correlated with a more angulated screw entry (P < 0.05). ConclusionAs expected, a wider PPI is significantly associated with a more angulated S1 screw trajectory and may have implication on patient biomechanics in lumbo-sacral fusion constructs.

Peran Lulusan Prodi PGMI IAIN Curup dalam Tracer Study Untuk Meningkatkan Perkembangan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah di Wilayah Kabupaten Rejang Lebong

This study aims to determine: Role, Steps and Inhibiting and Supporting Factors of PGMI graduates in improving the development of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) based on Tracer Study in Rejang Lebong Regency.This research method is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires.. The results showed that: 1) graduates of MI of State Islamic Institute Curup have made improvements to the development of MI, 2) The steps of PGMI graduates in improving the development of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) based on Tracer Study in Rejang Lebong Regency are by providing services immediately, accurate and satisfying, always improves the quality of work, increases both intra-curricular and extra-curricular activities, self-development, improve the quality of education and management of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. 3) The supporting factors for PGMI graduates in improving the development of MI in Rejang Lebong are; a. ; The quality of education at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah level, there has been a BOS (School Operational Assistance) fund program, teachers of MI are on average S1 qualified, b. Obstacle factors ; Limited facilities, Some rooms are fragile and not suitable, Some of the equipments are not in accordance with the needs and characteristics of the madrasah.

POSSIBILITIES OF APPLICATION OF LASER POLARIZATION METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE LIVER TISSUE WITH TEMPORARY MONITORING OF THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGES DEPENDING ON THE TIME SINCE DEATH

The article presents the current state of issues regarding the diagnosis of liver fibrosing processes. Particular attention is paid to biophysical research methods that have evidence of accuracy, objectivity, reproducibility of results.Aim of the work. Exploring the possibilities of using azimuthal-invariant Mueller-matrix analysis to establish the relationship between changes in the morphological structure of liver tissue and its optical parameters in normal and fi brosing processes.Materials and methods. The object of the study were histological sections of human liver in normal (control group) and in the presence of fibrosing processes, selected from 106 corpses of both sexes at diff erent intervals after death. Histological sections of the liver were obtained using a freezing microtome. The studies were performed using a standard spectropolarimeter scheme. The obtained results were processed according to standard algorithms of MATLAB and Statistica software products.Results. According to the results of the study, it was found that in the liver tissue with fibrous changes, the values of the average S1 are (1,870±0,017), dispersion S2 – (0,617±0,010), asymmetry S3 – (1,921±0,022), excess S4 – (2,005±0,044). In intact liver tissue, the values were: S1 – (1,264±0,017), S2 – (0,537±0,018), S3 – (1,650±0,022), S4 – (1,584±0,032).Conclusion. The method of azimuthal-invariant Mueller-matrix analysis allows to describe in detail the structure and characteristics of biological tissues of the human body, in particular the liver in normal and fi brosing processes, with the possibility of their statistically signifi cant differentiation.The interval of dynamics of change of statistical moments of the 1st-4th orders from 1 to 48 hours after death is established that becomes extremely actual in practice of the forensic expert at the decision of important questions.

Effects of Foliar Sulfur Applications on the Quality of Cotton Plant Fibre Under Water Stress Conditions

The research was conducted to determine the effects of Sulfur foliar applications on the fibre quality of cotton plants exposed to water stress at different growth stages in the Amik Plain (Hatay province, Turkey) in 2015 and 2016. Cotton plants were studied in three different developmental stages (vegetative growth period (VG); flowering and boll development period (FB) and boll opening period (BO)) and full irrigation was applied in some periods, while deficit irrigation was applied in the others. Sulfur fertiliser from foliar was applied in different doses (S0: 0 ml da-1, S1: 150 ml da-1, S2: 250 ml da-1, S3: 350 ml da-1). The study was carried out with three replications according to the split plot design. In the research, the effects of the water deficit and sulfur dose applications on gin turnout and fibre quality characteristics at different growth stages were investigated. Results showed that the average spinning consistency index (SCI) decreased by 11.75% due to the water deficit (compared to the treatment of TTT, irrigation in all three crop developmental stages). Similar effects were observed in the fibre length, micronaire, fibre strength and uniformity index values, which were decreased by 7.31%, 4.07%, 5.89% and 2.17%, respectively. The average gin turnout of the irrigated treatment (TTT), in which there is no deficit irrigation, decreased by 2.5% compared to the control treatment (OOO). Similar effects were observed in fibre elongation and short fibre content values which were decreased by 8.43% and 14.60%, respectively. The average S1 and S3 sulfur doses increased the gin turnout by 0.44% and 0.35%, respectively, and the S2 dose decreased it by 0.79%.

Detection of soil moisture anomalies based on Sentinel-1

Active and passive microwave remote sensing has evolved into a well-accepted and widely used method for the spatially continuous, coarse to medium resolution mapping of the surface soil moisture content (SMC). Presently, the exploitation of high-resolution data is less mature. Sentinel-1 is a high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (∼5 by 20 m), which acts as the basis for mapping of SMC in this study. There aren't any other comparable SAR missions currently available whose data can be accessed and used for free.One of the applications for SMC measurements is connected to the relationship between SMC anomalies and natural hazards such as droughts, flooding, or land-slides. A requirement for the detection and quantification of an anomaly is a long time-series (often 10–30 years) to derive a reference value. Herein lies one of the issues of Sentinel-1 based SMC mapping – at the time of writing, the Sentinel-1 time-series spanned a period of approximately 3.5 years.We introduce an approach to overcome this problem and enable the Sentinel-1 based SMC anomaly detection. The method is based on a cross-calibration between Sentinel-1 SMC estimations and coarse resolution (∼30 km) modelled SMC from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), which covers the time-span from 1948 to today. As a result, we can derive the long-term averages for each Sentinel-1 pixel.Results show that the proposed method allows a very accurate reproduction of the average SMC (for any given pixel) – if computed for the S1 time-span, the RMSE between estimated (GLDAS based) and true average S1 SMC is 0.7 %-Vol. Furthermore, the comparison with an in-situ time-series shows the correct detection of negative and positive anomalies, respectively. The method presented here may allow the integration of S1 data into, e.g., drought monitoring or flood forecasting applications.

Accuracy of S2 Alar-Iliac Screw Placement Under Robotic Guidance

Study DesignCase series. ObjectivesTo determine the safety and feasibility of S2 alar-iliac (S2AI) screw placement under robotic guidance. Summary of Background DataSimilar to standard iliac fixation, S2AI screws aid in achieving fixation across the sacropelvic junction and decreasing S1 screw strain. Fortunately, the S2AI technique minimizes prominent instrumentation and the need for offset connectors to the fusion construct. Herein, we present an analysis of the largest series of robotic-guided S2AI screws in the literature without any significant author conflicts of interest with the robotics industry. MethodsTwenty-three consecutive patients who underwent spinopelvic fixation with 46 S2AI screws under robotic guidance were analyzed from 2015 to 2016. Screws were placed by two senior spine surgeons, along with various fellow or resident surgical assistants, using a proprietary robotic guidance system (Renaissance; Mazor Robotics Ltd., Caesara, Israel). Screw position and accuracy was assessed on intraoperative CT O-arm scans and analyzed using three-dimensional interactive viewing and manipulation of the images. ResultsThe average caudal angle in the sagittal plane was 31.0° ± 10.0°. The average horizontal angle in the axial plane using the posterior superior iliac spine as a reference was 42.8° ± 6.6°. The average S1 screw to S2AI screw angle was 11.3° ± 9.9°. Two violations of the iliac cortex were noted, with an average breach distance of 7.9 ± 4.8 mm. One breach was posterior (2.2%) and one was anterior (2.2%). The overall robotic S2AI screw accuracy rate was 95.7%. There were no intraoperative neurologic, vascular, or visceral complications related to the placement of the S2AI screws. ConclusionsSpinopelvic fixation achieved using a bone-mounted miniature robotic-guided S2AI screw insertion technique is safe and reliable. Despite two breaches, no complications related to the placement of the S2AI screws occurred in this series. Level of EvidenceLevel IV, therapeutic.

Synthesis and Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of Zinc and Palladium Triply Fused Diporphyrins

We report the synthesis and ultrafast excited-state dynamics of two new meso-meso, β-β, β-β triply fused diporphyrins, Zn-3DP and Pd-3DP. Both compounds were found to have short excited-state lifetimes: Zn-3DP possessed an average S1 lifetime of 14 ps before nonradiative deactivation to the ground state, whereas Pd-3DP displayed a longer average S1 lifetime of 18 ps before crossing to the T1 state, which itself possessed a very short triplet lifetime of 1.7 ns. The excited-state dynamics of Zn-3DP, compared to similar zinc(II) diporphyrins reported in the literature, suggests that a conical intersection of the S1 and S0 potential energy surfaces plays a major role as a deactivation pathway of these molecules. Furthermore, the short triplet lifetime of Pd-3DP, compared to other diporphyrins that also exploit the intramolecular heavy atom effect, reveals that the position of the heavy atom within the diporphyrin framework influences the strength of spin-orbit coupling. The implications for employing triply fused diporphyrins as NIR-absorbing triplet sensitizers are discussed.

Approximate invariance of average Q transition energy in visible spectra of porphyrins, chlorin tautomers, and metal complexes

High D4h symmetry of porphine dianion causes degeneracy of electronic energy levels in metal complexes. The Q states are split, if a pair of hydrogens is attached either to central nitrogens in a free base, or, alternatively, to the outer periphery of a pyrrole ring, the latter resulting in a chlorin (Chl). Average S1 and S2 transition energies in a porphyrin, the respective chlorin, and Zn complex of chlorin coincide (within 5–10% of the S1–S2 gap), approaching the degenerate value in a Mg or Zn porphyrin. This principle applies also to metastable tautomers of chlorin (Chl⁎), trans-octaethylchlorin, and meso-tetraphenylchlorin, accumulated in glassy host matrices at 8K. Average S1 and S2 wave numbers of both tautomeric forms and the Zn complex remain constant within 200cm−1. Such invariance helps to locate weak and poorly resolved transitions, such as S2 in Chl, or S1* and S2* origins in Chl*. The Chl* absorption maximum is assigned to vibronic S11* transition overlapping with S2*. Laser excitation in this region yields very broad, V-shaped spectral holes. Usual sharp holes are created in the S1* band of meso-tetraphenylchlorin phototautomer.

Zinc and tin xanthates in the coordination polymerization of propylene oxide

AbstractThe polymerization of propylene oxide with zinc and tin xanthates was studied. Polymerization with both systems was found to be a zeroth‐order, nonterminating process, where the molecular weight was controlled by transfer reactions. It is discussed that these observations were consistent with a mechanism in which the rate‐determining step was the addition of monomer on the growing chain rather than the coordination of the monomer to active sites. These catalysts turned out to be quite stable, even under semiclosed conditions. With zinc isopropyl xanthate, high conversions in short polymerization times could be obtained. The product had a very broad molecular weight distribution and could be split into crystallizable and amorphous fractions. The crystallizable fractions consisted of stereoregular segments separated from each other by stereoirregularities or regioirregularities. The degrees of polymerization of stereoregular segments (S1's) were estimated from melting point measurements. It was found that the melting points and, hence, average S1 values changed in different fractions. It was concluded that there was only one type of active center; however, the rates of wrong additions (e.g., head‐to‐head addition) of incoming monomer controlled the average S1 value of the chain. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011

Pedostratigraphy and Carbonate Accumulation in the Last Interglacial Pedocomplex of the Chinese Loess Plateau

This paper examines the geographic variations of carbonate concentrations in last interglacial pedocomplex (S1) profiles along a northwest (NW)–southeast (SE) transect across the Chinese Loess Plateau. The average S1 carbonate concentration is the same as that of overlying loess (L1) and underlying loess (L2) at the northwesternmost site (Lanzhou), but variations in carbonate concentration within S1 pedocomplex are greater than the within‐loess (L1 and L2) variations, indicating that the carbonate translocation within the S1 pedocomplex had occurred. Carbonate was leached to greater depths to form more pronounced peaks in the three paleosols (S1S1, S1S2, S1S3) within the S1 pedocomplex at the Dingxi section. Farther SE to the Qinan section, the three paleosols (S1S1, S1S2, S1S3) have more distinguishable carbonate leaching and accumulation zones than at the Dingxi section. The S1 carbonate concentration at the Tianshui section suggests that the three paleosols were partially welded, as evidenced by the S1S3 and S1S2 paleosols sharing a major portion of the paleosol profile. Soil‐forming events occurred repeatedly in a single paleosol profile and the Ck horizon might have served as the carbonate accumulation zone for all three paleosols (S1S1, S1S2, S1S3) at the southeasternmost site (Lantian). Land surface stability complicated carbonate concentration processes in loessial paleosols and extra caution should be observed when interpreting climate implication of carbonate concentration data.

MICROFIBRIL ANGLE OF THE S1 CELL WALL LAYER OF NORWAY SPRUCE COMPRESSION WOOD TRACHEIDS

The ultrastructural organization of the outer layer of the secondary wall (i.e. S1 layer) of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) compression wood tracheids was investigated with emphasis on the microfibril angle. Light microscopy was used to study the orientation of soft rot cavities (viz. microfibril angle) in compression wood tracheids from macerated soft rot degraded wood blocks. In addition, surface and fracture characteristics of compression wood tracheids selected from a thermomechanical pulp were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the orientation of soft rot cavities varied little between tracheids and the angles were also consistent along the length of individual tracheids. The average S1 microfibril angle in two selected annual rings was 90.0° ± 2.7° and 88.9° ± 2.4° respectively. SEM observations of the compression wood tracheids from the pulp showed distinct fractures between S1 and S2 or within S1 and these fractures were oriented perpendicular to the tracheid axis. It was concluded that the microfibril angle of the S1 layer of compression wood tracheids is higher and less variable than normal wood tracheids. This is considered an adaptation for restraining the compressive forces that act on leaning conifer stems or branches.

Basal till fabric and deposition at Burroughs Glacier, Glacier Bay, Alaska

Research Article| December 01, 1994 Basal till fabric and deposition at Burroughs Glacier, Glacier Bay, Alaska NELSON R. HAM; NELSON R. HAM 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar DAVID M. MICKELSON DAVID M. MICKELSON 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1994) 106 (12): 1552–1559. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<1552:BTFADA>2.3.CO;2 Article history first online: 01 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation NELSON R. HAM, DAVID M. MICKELSON; Basal till fabric and deposition at Burroughs Glacier, Glacier Bay, Alaska. GSA Bulletin 1994;; 106 (12): 1552–1559. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<1552:BTFADA>2.3.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Basal till and debris-rich ice in the basal transport zone of Burroughs Glacier, southeast Alaska, were studied to develop a model for till deposition and to acquire new pebble fabric measurements from till at a modern glacier. Studies of till deposition and fabric measurements from modern glacial deposits are important for studying the genesis of Pleistocene and pre-Pleistocene glacial sediment.Basal till at Burroughs Glacier is deposited at the ice margin by the melting of basal debris-rich ice that stagnated progressively, from the bottom upward, beneath moving ice during deglaciation. The debris-rich ice is typically ∼1-3 m thick and has very high sediment content ranging from 60% to 70% by volume. The long axes of pebbles in the debris-rich ice, and in other parts of the basal transport zone of the glacier, are typically well oriented parallel to ice flow. The average S1 eigenvalue for nine fabrics measured in the basal transport zone is 0.8092 ± 0.067σ. The basal till is massive, matrix-supported, silty-sandy diamicton. Striated, lodged boulders, and crag and tails are common on the till surface. S1 eigenvalues calculated from 27 pebble fabrics measured in the till range from 0.4930 (no fabric) to 0.8261; the average value is 0.6757 ± 0.092σ. The range of values is nearly identical to that reported for fabrics from "undeformed lodgment till" by Dowdeswell and Sharp (1986).Although the final process of till deposition at Burroughs Glacier is passive melt out from stagnant, debris-rich ice, the nature and pebble fabric of the till are inherited from active ice processes, specifically the progressive stagnation of debris-rich ice beneath active ice. Evidence of differential movement (shear) within the debris-rich ice during deposition is reflected in a change in fabric azimuth with depth in the till, beveled bullet boulders, and shear surfaces. These features are typically thought to be characteristic of lodgment till or brittle deformation of subglacial sediment. The melt-out process is passive because of the very high debris content of the debris-rich ice. If the same sequence of till deposition occurred in older glacial deposits and the debris content of the basal ice was high, the final process of melt-out would not be reflected in properties of the sediment. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Fibre composition of the ventral roots L7 and S1 in the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus)

The ventral roots L7 and S1 of the owl monkey Aotus trivirgatus, were examined by electron microscopy. On average, these roots contain 2950 and 1837 myelinated axons respectively. In both roots the myelinated axons have bimodal size distributions, but the S1 root contains more small myelinated axons. Both roots contain a substantial proportion of unmyelinated axon profiles (UAP). In the L7 root the proportion of UAP decreases as the spinal cord is approached, from 19% distally to 5% in the juxtamedullary rootlets. Unmyelinated and very small myelinated CNS-type axons have not been observed in the L7 transitional region. The average S1 root contains some 40% unmyelinated axons at all examined proximo-distal levels. Unmyelinated/very small myelinated axons are easily found on the CNS side of the S1 transitional region, in direct relation to motoraxon bundles. Bundles of unmyelinated and small myelinated axons occur in the ventral pia mater of both segments. The unmyelinated axons in the L7 root of the owl monkey appear to be arranged like those in the feline L7 ventral root, possibly representing afferents. It is likely that most unmyelinated and small myelinated axons in the ventral root S1 are autonomic efferents.

Evaluation of Alfalfa Synthetic Varieties: Prediction of Yield in Advanced Generations and Average Clone Effects1

First, second, and third generations of nine synthetic varieties derived from combinations of two to nine clones selected from the alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) variety ‘Cherokee’ were harvested in field plots for three seasons to evaluate the effectiveness of a prediction formula for yields and to estimate genetic factors affecting yield. The Syn 1 yields were predicted as the average of all possible Fls. Yields of F1s were previously determined in a nine clone diallel. The Syn 2 yields were predicted as a function of the Syn 1 predictions adjusted by subtracting the average S1 yields of the clones in the synthetic variety.Observed yields were compared to predicted yields using product moment correlation analyses. The predictions of Syn 1 yields were inaccurate while those of Syn 2 were very good. For Syn 2 the overall means of the predicted and observed yields were the same with a highly significant correlation (r = 0.86).A genetic model was developed to determine average effects of the individual clones in synthetic varieties, the linear generation effect, the quadratic generation effect, and the interaction of the linear generation effect and the clone effects on the yields of the synthetics. All effects except the quadratic generation effect and the interaction term were statistically significant. The average effects of the individual clones suggested that two of the nine clones were much inferior to the others and may have been misclassified in the initial selection of clones. The advantages of this modeling approach are outlined.