Average Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity Research Articles

The Impact of Monetary Incentives on Delay Discounting Within a Year-Long Physical Activity Intervention.

Delay discounting is the depreciation in a reward's perceived value as a function of the time until receipt. Monetary incentive programs that provide rewards contingent on meeting daily physical activity (PA) goals may change participants' delay discounting preferences. Determine if monetary incentives provided in close temporal proximity to meeting PA goals changed delay discounting, and if such changes mediated intervention effects. Inactive adults (n = 512) wore accelerometers during a 12-month intervention where they received proximal monetary incentives for meeting daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) goals or delayed incentives for study participation. Delay discount rate and average MVPA were assessed at baseline, end of intervention, and a 24-month follow-up. Using structural equation modeling, we tested effects of proximal versus delayed rewards on delay discounting and whether any changes mediated intervention effects on MVPA. PA self-efficacy was also evaluated as a potential mediator, and both self-efficacy and delay discounting were assessed as potential moderators of intervention effects. Proximal rewards significantly increased participants' delay discounting (β = 0.238, confidence interval [CI]: -0.078, 0.380), indicating greater sensitivity to reinforcement timing. This change did not mediate incentive-associated increases in MVPA at the end of the 12-month intervention (β = -0.016, CI: -0.053, 0.019) or at a 24-month follow-up (β = -0.020, CI: -0.059, 0.018). Moderation effects were not found. Incentive-induced increases in delay discounting did not deleteriously impact MVPA. This finding may help assuage concerns about using monetary incentives for PA promotion, but further research regarding the consequences of changes in delay discounting is warranted.

Abstract P221: Association of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Physical Activity Among Vietnam-Era Male Twin Veterans

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can develop after a traumatic event and is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but the mechanisms are not clear. Behavioral factors like physical activity (PA) may play a role if associated with PTSD, but few studies have examined whether PTSD may be associated with lower PA. By studying twins, we can examine this relationship and adjust for demographic and shared familial characteristics. Methods: We studied the relationship between current PTSD diagnosis and PA in 146 male twins (73 pairs) from the Emory Twin Study within the Vietnam Twin Registry. Twin pairs were discordant for PTSD symptoms. PA was continuously measured over 7 days using wrist actigraphy and used validated algorithms to calculate daily hours of sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). We also examined self-reported leisure PA score with the Baecke questionnaire. We controlled for familial effect using generalized linear regression within PTSD discordant twin pairs. We dichotomized MVPA based on established cutpoints for normal values and estimated the prevalence ratio (PR) of the likelihood of achieving the minimum recommended average daily MVPA using Poisson regression. Multiple imputation was used to reduce the impact of missing data. Results: Veterans (mean (SD) age: 68.2 (2.1); 97% (142/146) White) had a low prevalence of achieving daily MVPA goals —35% among those with PTSD and 25% among those without and spent over 9 average sedentary hours per day. We did not find any significant relationship between current PTSD diagnosis and any of the PA outcomes in fully adjusted models. Discussion: Our findings reveal low PA and high levels of sedentary behavior among Veterans, with PTSD showing no significant impact on average PA. This suggests that PA is unlikely to explain excess CVD risks that have otherwise been observed in PTSD. Nonetheless, in this cohort of Vietnam era veterans, interventions to increase PA are warranted regardless of PTSD status.

Associations of accelerometer-based sedentary time, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with resting cardiac structure and function in adolescents according to sex, fat mass, lean mass, BMI, and hypertensive status.

This study examined the independent relationships of device-based measured sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) in relation to cardiac structural and functional geometry among adolescents. From the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, UK birth cohort, 530 (50% female) adolescents aged 17 years had complete ST, PA, cardiac, and covariate measures. Echocardiography cardiac measures were left ventricular mass indexed for height2.7 (LVMI2.7 ), relative wall thickness, LV diastolic function (LVDF), and LV filling pressure (LVFP). Overweight/obesity and elevated systolic/BP hypertension were categorized as body mass index >24.99 kg/m2 and ≥130 mmHg, respectively. Data were analyzed with linear regression models adjusting for cardiometabolic factors and lifestyle factors. The prevalence of overweight/obesity in males and females was 17.9% and 24.5%, respectively. The prevalence of elevated systolic BP/hypertension was 11.6% in males and 1.1% among females. The average ST was 484 ± 78 min/day, light PA was 274 ± 62 min/day, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was 41 ± 24 min/day, among females. Average ST, LPA, and MVPA were 468 ± 87 min/day, 293 ± 70 min/day, and 56 ± 30 min/day, respectively, among males. Higher ST was associated with higher LVMI2.7 (standardized β = 0.16; p = 0.01) among females, but higher ST was associated with lower LVDF in males (β = -0.14; p = 0.04). Higher ST and MVPA were associated with higher LVMI2.7 in the total cohort, normal weight, and overweight/obese adolescents. Light PA was associated with higher LVDF in the total cohort and normotensives and lower LVFP among adolescents with high lean mass. Higher ST and MVPA were associated with higher LVMI; however, ST-associated LVMI increase was threefold higher than MVPA-associated LVMI increase. Higher LPA was associated with better cardiac function. Reducing ST and increasing LPA may attenuate the risk of altered cardiac structure and function in adolescents.

Association of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Infarction, and Ischemic Stroke: The Women's Health Study.

Background Few studies have investigated associations of acclerometer-based assessments of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its components. This prospective cohort study assessed the associations of accelerometer-measured PA and SB with total CVD, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke (IS). Methods and Results The authors included 16 031 women aged 62 years and older, free of CVD, with adherent accelerometer wear (≥10 hours/day for ≥4 days) from the Women's Health Study (mean age, 71.4 years [SD, 5.6 years]). Hip-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers measured total volume of PA (total average daily vector magnitude), minutes per day of high-light PA and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and SB. Women reported diagnoses of CVD, which were adjudicated using medical records and death certificates. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for each exposure, and 95% CIsusing Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for accelerometer wear time, age, self-reported general health, postmenopausal hormone therapy, smoking status, and alcohol use. The hypothetical effect of replacing 10 minutes/day of SB or high-light PA with MVPA on CVD incidence was assessed using adjusted isotemporal substitution Cox models. Over a mean of 7.1 years (SD, 1.6 years) of follow-up, 482 total CVD cases, 107 myocardial infarction cases, and 181 IS cases were diagnosed. Compared with the lowest quartiles of total average daily vector magnitude and MVPA (≤60 minutes), women who were in the highest quartiles (>120 minutes of MVPA) had a 43% (95% CI, 24%-58%) and 38% (95% CI, 18%-54%) lower hazard of total CVD, respectively. Estimates were similar for total average daily vector magnitude and MVPA with IS, but PA was not associated with myocardial infarction overall. High-light PA was not associated with any CVD outcomes. Women who spent <7.4 hours sedentary per day had a 33% (95% CI,11%-49%) lower hazard of total CVD compared with those who spent ≥9.5 hours sedentary. Replacing 10 minutes of SB with MVPA was associated with a 4% lower incidence of total CVD (HR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.93-0.99]). Conclusions Accelerometer-assessed total PA and MVPA were inversely associated with total CVD and IS incidence, and SB was directly associated with total CVD; high-light PA was not related to CVD.

Coaching and Physical Activity with Higher and Lower Skilled Student-Coaches in A Basketball Sport Education Season: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACT The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate student-coaches’ behavior and their players’ moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as a function of coaches’ skill level in a high school sport education basketball season. One high-school class (7 girls, 14 boys) participated in this study and was taught a 14-lesson sport education season in basketball. Based on 3v3 game play performance and a 10-item basketball content knowledge questionnaire, students were labeled as either higher -or lower skilled and put into three mixed-ability teams. In every team, higher- and lower-skilled students alternated the role of team coach each lesson. Prior to each lesson, coaches received a lesson plan and completed an online training to increase their knowledge of the lesson content. All coaches were audio- and videotaped during independent team practice. Coaching was reported in terms of duration (proportion of total time) and rate per 10 minutes. Players’ MVPA was collected using systematic observation. Inter observer agreement was 86% for coaching behavior and 89% for MVPA. Higher skilled coaches spent on average 15% of the team practice time coaching, lower skilled coaches 10%. Higher skilled coaches had higher rates for refereeing, cueing, feedback, and full demonstrations. Average MVPA under higher skilled coaches was 57%, with lower-skilled coaches 65%, which was not statistically significant. We conclude that higher skilled student-coaches had more content-related interactions.

Longitudinal association of childhood physical activity and physical fitness with physical activity in adolescence: insights from the IDEFICS/I.Family study.

This study aimed to examine associations of early childhood physical fitness and physical activity (PA) with PA during later childhood/early adolescence while accounting for gender differences. We selected data of N= 4329 children from the IDEFICS/I. Family cohort (age 2.4-11.7 years) with data on baseline fitness and accelerometer measurements. At baseline, physical fitness tests were conducted including Flamingo balance, Backsaver sit and reach, Handgrip strength, Standing Long Jump, 40-m sprint and 20-m Shuttle run (to estimate cardio-respiratory fitness levels). PA was measured with Actigraph accelerometers over 3 days at baseline (ActiTrainer or GT1M) and 7 days at follow-up (GT3X). Evenson cutpoints were used to determine moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) time, and children with ≥60mins/day of average MVPA were deemed as having met WHO guidelines at baseline and follow-up. Linear and logistic regressions were performed to examine longitudinal associations between meeting WHO guidelines, MVPA, and physical fitness tests at baseline with meeting WHO guidelines and MVPA at follow-up. Models were conducted on the entire sample, the sex-stratified sample, and stratified by sex and pubertal status at follow-up. Results showed that meeting WHO guidelines for MVPA at baseline was positively associated with MVPA (Standardized Beta (B) = 0.13, 95%CI:(5.6;11.1)) and meeting WHO guidelines at follow-up for the entire sample (OR = 2.1, 95%CI:(1.5; 3.14), and stratified by males (OR = 2.5, 95%CI:(1.5; 4.1)) and females (OR = 1.8, 95%CI:(1.0; 3.2)). This was also found for both male pre/early pubertal and pubertal groups but only in the female pre/early pubertal group, and not the female pubertal group (MVPA: B = .00, 95%CI:(- 6.1; 5.6), WHO: OR = 0.61, 95%CI:(0.23;1.6)). Models indicated that Standing Long jump, 40-m sprint, Shuttle run and Flamingo balance at baseline were associated with MVPA and meeting the guidelines at follow-up. Meeting WHO guidelines and certain fitness tests at baseline were strongly associated with MVPA and meeting WHO guidelines at follow-up, but this association varied with sex and pubertal status. Consequently, these findings underline the importance of ensuring sufficient physical activity in terms of quality and quantity for children at the earliest stages of life. ISRCTN62310987.

Associations of emotional/behavioral problems with accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior, physical activity and step counts in children with autism spectrum disorder.

BackgroundThe evidence for associations of emotional/behavioral status with sedentary behavior (SB), physical activity (PA) and step counts is scarce in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Also, ASD-related deficiencies may affect actual levels of PA. We aimed to describe accelerometer-measured SB, PA and step counts in children with ASD, and to examine the associations of emotional/behavioral problems with SB, PA and step counts after assessing associations between accelerometer-measured SB, PA and step counts and ASD-related deficiencies.MethodsA total of 93 ASD children, aged 6–9 years, were recruited from the Center for Child and Adolescent Psychology and Behavioral Development of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China. Participants wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Of the original 93, 78 participants' accelerometer-measured valid PA were obtained, and the data were shown as time spent in SB, light, moderate, moderate-to-vigorous and vigorous PA, and step counts. Participants' emotional/behavioral problems were assessed via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and anxiety symptoms were evaluated by the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). ASD-associated deficiencies include restricted repetitive behaviors (Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised), poor social competence (Social Responsiveness Scale Second Edition) and motor development restrictions (Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire).ResultsOf the 78 participants, daily vigorous PA (VPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) averaged 15.62 and 51.95 min, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, SDQ emotional symptoms (β = −0.060, p = 0.028) were inversely associated with the average daily minutes in VPA. Meanwhile, SDQ emotional symptoms (β = −0.033, p = 0.016) were inversely associated with the average daily MVPA minutes in the crude model. After adjustment for covariates, SCARED somatic/panic (β = −0.007, p = 0.040) and generalized anxiety (β = −0.025, p = 0.014) were negatively associated with the average daily VPA minutes; SCARED total anxiety (β = −0.006, p = 0.029) was conversely associated with daily MVPA duration. After adjustment for covariates, no significant associations between accelerometer-measured SB, PA and step counts and ASD-related deficiencies were found (p > 0.05).ConclusionsAccelerometer-measured SB, PA and step counts showed no associations with ASD-related deficiencies. On this basis, we further found that the emotional symptoms were inversely associated with VPA and MVPA. These results emphasize the importance of VPA and MVPA in children with ASD. The longitudinally investigations on the directionality of these associations between emotional symptoms with VPA and MVPA are needed in the future.

Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity Is Related To Pre-motor Planning In Persons With Obesity

PURPOSE: Although previous work has demonstrated that physical activity and excess fat mass are associated with attentional control (indexed with the P3 component of event related potentials; ERP), there is limited knowledge on the neural underpinnings of motor response planning and activation. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of obesity status on the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the lateralized readiness potential (LRP), a neuroelectric index of motor planning and activation. METHODS: Adults (N = 165 [98 female]; 20-45 yrs) wore hip-worn ActiGraph wGT3X+ accelerometers to measure physical activity. MVPA was defined using Troiano cut-points. Behavioral outcomes were recorded during the Eriksen Flanker task to assess attentional inhibition. EEG recordings were taken to elucidate response- and stimulus-locked LRPs at the C3 and C4 electrodes. Participants were separated into groups based on the BMI cutoff of 30 kg/m2 i.e., non-obese (n = 88) and obese (n = 77). Partial Pearson correlations controlling for age, sex, wear time, and handedness were conducted in each group to determine if MVPA was associated with the response- and stimulus-locked LRP amplitudes and latencies. RESULTS: Average MVPA was significantly different (P = 0.002) between the non-obese (41.8 + 25.0 min/day) and the obese group (31.2 + 17.7 min/day). Average congruent (P = 0.017) and incongruent (P = 0.005) accuracies were significantly different between each group. MVPA was related to incongruent accuracy (r = 0.311, P = 0.004) but not congruent (r = 0.161, P = 0.143) in the non-obese group. There were no relationships between MVPA and response- or stimulus-locked LRPs in the non-obese group. However, in participants with obesity, MVPA was associated with response-locked congruent (r = 0.251, P = 0.032) and incongruent (r = 0.260; P = 0.026) mean amplitude, and stimulus-locked congruent mean amplitude (r = 0.301, P = 0.013). CONCLUSION: MVPA was associated with pre-motor planning and activation in people with obesity. Future work should study the impact of physical activity on neuroelectric indices of motor response preparation in people with obesity. This work was funded by the Hass Avocado Board and the Kinesiology Department at the University of Illinois

Impact Of Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity And Visceral Adiposity On Postprandial Triglycerides In Metabolically At-risk Adults

Postprandial lipemia occurs early in chronic disease progression. The degree of postprandial triglyceride (ppTG) is influenced by physiological and lifestyle factors such as diet, central obesity, and physical activity (PA). However, it is unclear how habitual dietary factors and PA impact ppTG in healthy adults with high central adiposity. PURPOSE: To examine the impact of habitual moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), saturated fat (SF) in the habitual diet, and central adiposity on ppTG in metabolically at-risk adults. METHODS: Non-diabetic adults (n = 21) with a high waist circumference (> 35” women, >40” men) completed a high-fat meal challenge (50 g FAT, 54 g CHO, 12 g PRO), with blood collected at fasting and hourly after meal ingestion for 5 h. TG (mmol/L) was determined by lipid panels and summarized as iAUC and the change from fasting (TGmax). Habitual dietary data was collected through the online DHQ-III, with SF percentage (SF / total fat) used for analysis. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was determined through bioelectrical impedance analysis. Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days (>10 h/day) and average number of MVPA bouts/day (≥ 2690 counts/min) was derived. Separate linear models for TG iAUC and TG magnitude were used to test the impact of an interaction between average MVPA bouts and VAT, accounting for habitual dietary SF. RESULTS: MVPA, VAT, and habitual dietary SF explain ~36% of variation in TG iAUC and TGmax. Average MVPA bouts and VAT jointly impacted TG iAUC (p < 0.01), with a ppTG-lowering effect observed with lower VAT and more frequent MVPA bouts and a pronounced ppTG-raising effect observed with greater VAT with frequent MVPA bouts (β = 1.1). Habitual SF did not predict TG iAUC (p = 0.68). Likewise, average MVPA bouts and VAT impacted TGmax (p = 0.03), with a TG-raising effect observed with greater VAT despite more MVPA bouts (β = 0.31). Interestingly, an inverse relationship was observed between habitual SF intake and TGmax (β = - 0.04, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Frequent MVPA promotes lower ppTG, a benefit that is reversed with increased VAT. These findings suggest that increased VAT promotes ppTG even with regular MVPA, stressing the importance of strategies to decrease VAT in improving regulation of postprandial lipemia in at-risk adults. Supported by USDA-ARS Pulse Crop Health Initiative 58-3060-9-040.

A 4-Yr Mixed Longitudinal Study of Health Behaviors and Fat Mass Accrual during Adolescence and Early Adulthood.

Physical activity (PA), sedentary time (SED), and energy intake (EI) are associated with fat mass accrual in children and youth. Previous studies relied primarily on cross-sectional designs and proxy measures of body composition such as body mass index. We aimed to prospectively investigate associations between PA, SED, EI, and total body fat mass accrual using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. This analysis of the mixed longitudinal Healthy Bones III Study included data from 312 participants (138 boys age 9 to 21 yr at baseline). For each participant, we acquired a maximum of four annual total body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans from which we determined fat mass (in kilograms; n = 748 observations). We assessed total PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and SED with accelerometers (ActiGraph GT1M) and measured EI via 24-h dietary recall. We fit sex-specific multilevel models adjusting for maturity (years from age at peak height velocity (APHV)), weight status, ethnicity, total PA, MVPA, SED, and EI. Boys and girls demonstrated divergent trajectories of fat mass accrual; rate of fat mass accrual in girls was four times greater than boys at APHV and increased across adolescence, whereas boys' fat mass plateaued after APHV. In boys, within-person change in MVPA negatively predicted fat mass independent of SED; each annual increase in MVPA of 6 min·d -1 was associated with a 0.21-kg lower fat mass. In girls, between-person average MVPA negatively predicted fat mass accrual independent of SED; greater MVPA of 4 min·d -1 across adolescence was associated with a 0.31-kg lower fat mass. MVPA demonstrates an independent and negative effect on fat mass in boys and girls. Given different trajectories of fat mass accrual and movement behaviors between boys and girls, PA interventions aimed at preventing obesity in youth may benefit from a sex and gendered approach.

253 Physical activity patterns in adolescents and young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have lower levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and a greater risk for sedentary-related comorbidities compared to their typically developing peers. Understanding activity patterns may provide opportunities for targeted physical activity interventions. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Secondary analyses were performed on baseline accelerometer data pooled from 2 clinical trials and a pilot study in adolescents (11-17 years) and young adults (18-21 years) with IDD. MVPA was assessed using accelerometers worn on the non-dominant hip during waking hours over 7 consecutive days. Data were collected at 60 hertz and activity counts were aggregated over 60 second epochs. Wear time was determined with the Choi algorithm and MVPA was classified using the Troiano adult or Freedson age-specific child cut-points. Mixed effects linear regressions were used to determine the effects of day of the week, time of the day, and season on MVPA. Diagnosis, gender, and age were used as fixed effect covariates with random intercepts varying among the participants and days of observation within each participant. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: There were 231 individuals (15.6 ± 2.8 years, 51.5% female) who had IDD (36.8% Autism, 48.1% Down syndrome) with 22,498 minutes of MVPA. Individuals with IDD wore the accelerometers an average of 592 ± 254 min./day and completed 13.5 ± 17.9 min./day of MVPA. Average MVPA was lowest in individuals with Autism (12.6 ± 11.4 min./day) and Down syndrome (13.2 ± 9.3 min./day) when compared to those with other IDDs (16.8 ± 10.8 min./day). Participation in MVPA was similar in males (13.4 ± 10.7 min./day) and females (13.7 ± 9.9 min./day). Mixed effects linear regressions showed that individuals participated in fewer minutes of MVPA on the weekend (β = -0.75, p &lt; 0.001) and from 12-3 pm (reference) when compared to before 12 pm (β = 0.87, p &lt; 0.001) and 3-7 pm (β = 0.66, p=0.007). No significant seasonal effects were found. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Individuals with IDD were significantly less active on the weekend, but they did participate in more minutes of MVPA in the morning and late afternoon/early evening. Physical activity interventions aiming to increase MVPA on the weekend and during the early afternoon may increase the number of weekly minutes of MVPA in individuals with IDD.

Intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental correlates of moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Although correlates of physical activity (PA) have been extensively examined in both children and adolescents who are typically developing, little is known about correlates of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Therefore, we examined intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental factors and their association with device-based MVPA and sedentary time in adolescents with IDD. MVPA and sedentary time was assessed using a hip-worn ActiGraph model wGT3x-BT tri-axial accelerometer across a 7-day period in adolescents with IDD and one of their parents. Pearson and point-biserial correlations were calculated to inspect the associations of PA (MVPA, sedentary time) with intrapersonal factors (demographic characteristic, BMI, waist circumference, motor ability, muscle strength, grip strength, cardiovascular fitness and self-efficacy for PA), interpersonal factors (parent demographics, parent BMI, parent MVPA and sedentary time, family social support for PA, parent barriers and support for PA, parent's beliefs/attitudes towards PA and number of siblings), and environmental factors (meteorologic season and COVID-19). Ordinary least squares regression was used to estimate the unique contributions of key factors to PA after controlling for participants' age, sex, race, waist circumference and total wear time. Ninety-two adolescents (15.5±3.0years old, 21.7% non-White, 6.5% Hispanic, 56.5% female) provided valid accelerometer data. Average sedentary time was 494.6±136.4min/day and average MVPA was 19.8±24.2min/day. Age (r=0.27, P=0.01), diagnosis of congenital heart disease (r=-0.26, P=0.01) and parent sedentary time (r=0.30, P=0.01) were correlated with sedentary time. BMI (r=-0.24, P=0.03), waist circumference (r=-0.28, P=0.01), identifying as White (r=-0.23, P=0.03) and parent MVPA (r=0.56, P<0.001) were correlated with MVPA. After adjusting for the adolescent's age, sex, race, waist circumference, and total wear time, the association between parent and adolescent MVPA remained significant (b=0.55, P<0.01, partial η2 =0.11). The results of this study provide evidence that race, waist circumference and parental MVPA may influence the amount of MVPA in adolescents with IDD. The limited available information and the potential health benefits of increased MVPA highlight the need to evaluate the effectiveness of multi-component interventions targeting both intrapersonal and interpersonal levels to promote increased PA in adolescents with IDD.

Do Fitter Children Better Assess Their Physical Activity with Questionnaire Than Less Fit Children?

Most physical activity (PA) questionnaires assess moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) describing the physical exertion of individuals that might be influenced by their physical fitness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether fitter children could better assess their PA with the questionnaire than less fit children. The cross-sectional validation study was conducted with 108 children (60 girls) aged 11 to 14 years, who were divided into three fitness groups based on the results of the 600 m running test. To answer the research question, the agreement between their assessment of PA using the SHAPES questionnaire and the UKK RM42 accelerometer data was analysed. One quarter of the participants achieved at least 60 min of MVPA each day, measured by accelerometer. The average MVPA obtained was 97.8 ± 35.6 min per day, with the high fitness group having a significantly higher value compared with the other groups. Moderate to high validity coefficients were found in the high fitness group (Spearman’s ρ range 0.34–0.70). In contrast, the lower fitness groups had poor to moderate validity for all variables (Spearman’s ρ range 0.03–0.42). These results suggest that the fittest children self-assess their PA with the questionnaire better than less fit children, which may advance new directions for the development and evaluation of PA questionnaires and their usability.

Prevalence and Trends of Physical Activity in Thai Children and Young People: Pooled Panel Data Analysis from Thailand's Surveillance on Physical Activity 2012-2020.

This study aims to describe the level and trends of physical activity (PA) in Thai children and young people and examine PA changes during transitional periods. Employing nine rounds of Thailand’s Surveillance on Physical Activity (SPA) 2012–2020, this study pooled three sets of data and included children and young people aged 6–17 years in the analysis: 1595 in SPA2012–2016, 1287 in SPA2017–2019, and 853 persons in SPA2020. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in five regions, 13 provinces, and 36 villages in SPA2012–2019, whereas an online survey was administered in all provinces in SPA2020. The prevalence of sufficient moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) among Thais aged 6–17 years ranged from 19.0 percent to 27.6 percent, with a significant drop during the period of COVID-19 spread in 2020. The average daily MVPA ranged from 46 to 57 min and dropped to 36 min during the pandemic. Boys were consistently more active than girls in all nine rounds of the SPA, and girls had more difficulty in maintaining or improving their PA level. A significant increase in the proportion of Thai children and young people with sufficient MVPA was observed during their transition from late primary to early secondary school grades.

Sedentary And Physical Activity Time In Women During The First Year Postpartum

During the postpartum period, 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) per week is recommended. However, little is known about how many women are meeting these guidelines and if racial differences exist. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the time spent being sedentary, time in light PA (LPA), and time in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), while also examining the percentage of women meeting the recommended PA guidelines during the first year postpartum. METHODS: Participants were white (n = 85) and African American (n = 49) women (18-43 years), who gave birth to a singleton at ≥37 weeks gestation. At 6-8 weeks, 4 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months postpartum, PA was measured by a hip worn accelerometer. Participants wore the accelerometer for at least 5 days and were told to maintain their normal daily routine. Data was analyzed to determine time spent in sedentary bouts, LPA, and MVPA. Mean daily MVPA was used to determine if participants met the guidelines of 150 minutes of MVPA per week. RESULTS: Daily average sedentary, LPA, and MVPA time are included in the table below (means and standard deviations). The percentage of women who did not meet recommended guidelines at each timepoint are as follows: 18.8% at 6-8 weeks, 12.4% at 4 months, 6.9% at 6 months, 6.7% at 9 months, and 5.2% at 12 months. For African American women, 32.7% at 6-8 weeks, 25.0% at 4 months, 7.4% at 6 months, 17.7% at 9 months, and 17.7% at 12 months did not meet the recommendations. For white women at the same timepoints, 10.7%, 6.4%, 6.7%, 3.5%, and 1.7% (respectively) did not meet recommended guidelines. CONCLUSION: During the first year postpartum, sedentary time appeared higher at 6-8 weeks than later timepoints. Time in LPA was higher at 9 and 12 months than earlier timepoints. Time in MVPA showed an increasing trend across the timepoints. There was a higher percentage of African American than white women not meeting the guidelines at each timepoint.Supported by: NIH Grant R21MD012740

Amount, Type, and Timing of Domain-Specific Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Among US Adults.

Surveillance of domain-specific physical activity in the United States is lacking. Thus, the authors describe domain-specific moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a nationwide sample of US adults. Participants from the AmeriSpeak panel (n = 2649; 20-75y; 50% female) completed the Activities Completed Over Time in 24-Hours previous-day recall. The authors estimated average MVPA duration (in hours per day) overall and in major life domains by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and education. They also described the most commonly reported MVPAs and timing of MVPA during the day. Across all life domains, participants reported an average of 2.5hours per day in MVPA. Most MVPA was accumulated during work (50% of total, 1.2h/d) and household activities (28%, 0.7h/d) with less MVPA reported in leisure time (15%, 0.4h/d). Time reported in MVPA varied by sex, and race/ethnicity (P < .05). Walking at work and for exercise, childcare, and walking for transportation were the most commonly reported domain-specific MVPAs. A greater proportion of MVPA took place in the morning (∼06:00h) and evening (∼18:00h). Work and household activities accounted for 78% of overall MVPA reported, while leisure-time MVPA accounted for only 15% of the total. Encouraging MVPA during leisure time and transportation remain important targets for promoting MVPA in US adults.

Accelerometer measured physical activity among youth with autism and age, sex, and body mass index matched peers: A preliminary study

BackgroundWhile research has examined physical activity differences between youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical peers, they largely do not consider demographic or anthropomorphic variables when recruiting comparison group participants. ObjectiveThe purpose of this preliminary study was to compare light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) between youth with ASD and age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) matched neurotypical peers from the same geographic region. MethodA sample of 36 participants, including youth aged 13–17 with ASD and age, sex, and BMI-matched neurotypical youth recruited from the same geographic location. Demographic information was obtained via parent report, and physical activity was measured using the ActiGraph GT3x accelerometer. Participants wore monitors for seven consecutive days during waking hours. Descriptive analyses were conducted for participant demographics, LPA, and MVPA, and paired-sample t-tests were employed to examine differences in LPA and MVPA between youth with ASD and age, sex, and BMI-matched neurotypical peers. ResultsYouth with ASD and their age, BMI, and sex matched neurotypical peers demonstrated no significant difference in average daily LPA (201.36 ± 63.50 v. 172.30 ± 54.98) or MVPA (33.54 ± 17.07 v. 37.63 ± 19.94). ConclusionsResults indicate that youth with ASD did not engage in significantly less MVPA than age, sex, and BMI-matched peers from the same geographic location. Not finding clear distinctions between youth with ASD and neurotypical peers in this study suggest that variability in other social or environmental factors may play a larger role in influencing MVPA than ASD itself.

Comparison between self-reported and accelerometer-derived measurements for classifying children and adolescents as physically active in Chile.

The aim of this study was to compare self-reported with two accelerometer-derived methods to classify Chilean children and adolescents as physically active. In total, 247 students wore an accelerometer on their hips during 7 consecutive days to classify them as physically active based on (1) daily accumulation of ≥ 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on each of the seven days, and (2) average MVPA ≥ 60 minutes/day. Also, participants were classified as physically active if they reported being active for at least 60 minutes in all seven days. When using the accelerometer data, 0.8% were active in all seven days, while 10.5% recorded ≥ 60 minutes MVPA per day on average. Based on self-report, 7.2% were physically active. The agreement between self-reported and accelerometer estimations were poor. Important differences were observed between the self-reported and device-derived methods for classifying children and adolescents as physically active. When comparing them, some considerations should be taken. The findings suggest that these methods are not interchangeable. Therefore, if possible, they should be used as complementary measurements.

Comparing 24 h physical activity profiles: Office workers, women with a history of gestational diabetes and people with chronic disease condition(s)

ABSTRACT This study demonstrates a novel data-driven method of summarising accelerometer data to profile physical activity in three diverse groups, compared with cut-point determined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). GGIR was used to generate average daily acceleration, intensity gradient, time in MVPA and MX metrics (acceleration above which the most active X-minutes accumulate) from wrist-worn accelerometer data from three datasets: office-workers (OW, N = 697), women with a history of post-gestational diabetes (PGD, N = 267) and adults with ≥1 chronic disease (CD, N = 1,325). Average acceleration and MVPA were lower in CD, but not PGD, relative to OW (−5.2 mg and −30.7 minutes, respectively, P < 0.001). Both PGD and CD had poorer intensity distributions than OW (P < 0.001). Application of a cut-point to the M30 showed 7%, 17% and 28%, of OW, PGD and CD, respectively, accumulated 30 minutes of brisk walking per day. Radar plots showed OW had higher overall activity than CD. The relatively poor intensity distribution of PGD, despite similar overall activity to OW, was due to accumulation of more light and less higher intensity activity. These data-driven methods identify aspects of activity that differ between groups, which may be missed by cut-point methods alone. Abbreviations: CD: Adults with ≥1 chronic disease; mg: Milli-gravitational unit; MVPA: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; OW: Office workers; PGD: Women with a history of post-gestational diabetes; VPA: Vigorous physical activity

The Contribution of Physical Education to Physical Activity Within a Comprehensive School Health Promotion Program

ABSTRACT Purpose: Little is known about the role of physical education (PE) in a school health promotion model, particularly where wellness is placed at the forefront. The purpose of this study was to understand how PE contributes to the overall amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) that children receive in a school recognized for health promotion. Methods: As part of an in-depth case study, participants in grades 4–8 (N = 105) wore ActiGraph wGT3X+ accelerometers over 7 days to assess activity levels. Data were scored using ActiLife software. Using SPSS statistics software, students were grouped into low, moderate, and high activity through calculating tertile splits of average daily MVPA. Two 2 × 2 ANCOVA (sex x activity level) tests were conducted to determine the ratio of MVPA in PE to school and daily MVPA, controlling for age. Results: Participants accrued 8 min MVPA on average during PE with differences among low (6.4 ± 2.5), moderate (8.3 ± 3.7), and highly active participants (10.1 ± 4.0). ANCOVA analyses revealed non-significant interactions between sex and activity level explaining variance in contribution of PE to school MVPA (F(2, 99) = .235, p = .791, partial ŋ2 = .005) and daily MVPA (F(2, 99) = .299, p = .742, partial ŋ2 = .006), but significant main effects between high and low activity for daily MVPA were observed F(2, 99) = 5.118 p = .008, partial ŋ2 = .094. Conclusions: PE remains a priority in supporting children’s PA, particularly for those least active. Despite relatively low levels of MVPA, findings provide rationale for policy change supporting more frequent PE in schools.