Average Knowledge Score Research Articles

Penyegaran Kader Posyandu tentang Pemantauan Pertumbuhan dalam Rangka Pencegahan Stunting di Desa Jabiren Kabupaten Pulang Pisau

Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem characterized by a child's height being inappropriate for their age. Jabiren Village is one of the villages in Pulang Pisau Regency, the district with the fourth highest prevalence of stunted toddlers: 31.6%. The low ability, precision, and accuracy of data collected by cadres in carrying outweighing impacts inaccurate results of monitoring toddler growth. One effort to improve cadres' abilities and skills in carrying out anthropometric measurements is cadre refreshment. Community service activities aim to increase posyandu cadres' understanding of monitoring the growth of babies and toddlers in the context of preventing stunting in Jabiren Village, Pulang Pisau Regency. The target of this activity is the posyandu cadres for toddlers, totaling 20 people, with the method of carrying out activities using counseling lectures and question-and-answer methods. The evaluation design uses a pretest and posttest to see the increase in understanding of the N-Gain test. The results of community service activities show that the average knowledge score of cadres has increased from before and after being given a refresher on growth monitoring, namely 65.625 ± 16.16 to 84.375 ± 9.83. The percentage of cadre understanding regarding growth monitoring challenges is categorized as high, 20%, medium, 60%, and low, 20%. In conclusion, there was an increase in understanding of Jabiren Village Cadres.

Assessing dental student knowledge on cannabis and demonstrating the need for cannabis education.

The American Dental Association advocates for dentists' education on therapeutic and legal issues related to medical cannabis. It is important to understand current knowledge of cannabis and cannabinoids and to have a practical knowledge assessment instrument. This exploratory study is the first of its kind to assess dental students' knowledge of cannabis and aims to determine if there is a need for more instruction regarding cannabis in a dental school's curriculum. Predoctoral dental students at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine were recruited to participate. A validated, anonymous 22-item online survey was adapted and administered to students in all 4 years of the dental program. There was a total of 56 knowledge points. The average knowledge score was 21.6 points (SD=5.2, range: 7-34), corresponding to 38.5% (SD=9.2) of the answers correct. There were no overall differences in knowledge by gender, years in dental school, or by any reported source of formal education on cannabis. Those who reported doing their own research had higher knowledge scores. Most participants knew that there is an endogenous cannabinoid system (72.3%) and that Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is responsible for the "high" experienced with cannabis (76.6%). Most participants reported that they did not know the effective doses of THC (58.2%) and Cannabidiol (CBD) (66.7%); few provided an answer for THC (34%) or CBD (17%) in the acceptable range of 2-10mg. Dental students did not have adequate knowledge on cannabis and cannabinoids. Given the rapid expansion of cannabis legalization, additional efforts are needed to integrate cannabis topics into coursework and learning experiences.

Investigating the Knowledge of Yazd Dental Students about the Taught Factors of Direct Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth in 1401

Introduction: Treatment of root-treated teeth depends largely on proper restoration. Direct restorations are a better choice if there is sufficient residual tissue. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of dental students in School of Dentistry in Yazd City about the taught factors of direct restoration of endodontically treated teeth.
 Methods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the knowledge of 67 dental students of School of Dentistry in Yazd City about the taught factors of direct restoration of root-treated teeth was studied using a valid and reliable questionnaire containing demographic characteristics (age and gender) and 28 knowledge questions. After collecting the data, using SPSS version 16 software, they were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test, T test and Pearson correlation coefficient.
 Results: 36 (53.7%) female students and 31 (46.3%) male students with an average age of 25 ± 3.14 participated in this study. The average awareness score was 32.74 ± 9.65. The average knowledge score of female students (35.30±10.27) was higher than that of male students (31.95±8.70), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.156). In the age group under 25, the average score of awareness (34.78 ± 9.94) was higher than the average above 25 (30.43 ± 8.1). There was an inverse and significant relationship between knowledge score and age, r=-0.242 and P 0.049. Conclusion: The average knowledge score of dental students regarding the taught factors of direct restoration of endodontically treated teeth was good. Gender did not have a significant effect on the knowledge of students, and the knowledge of students under 25 years old was higher than ones over 25 years old.

Mushroom Picking as a Special Form of Recreation and Tourism in Woodland Areas—A Case Study of Poland

The paper looks at the potential benefits of mushrooms in terms of health, recreation, and tourism. Mycotourism is an innovative, specialised tourism product that has been successfully introduced in some regions of the world, helping to combat seasonality and promote economic development in rural areas. The aim of the study was to analyse the development of mycotourism in Poland in comparison with other countries. As a method, a questionnaire on the cultural significance of mushrooms was developed and disseminated via social media. It was found that there are strong mycophilic tendencies in Poland, leading to a strong interest in mushrooms, both in terms of cultural and culinary traditions. They are also a factor that attracts tourists to the forest areas. In contrast, the UK and Germany are more mycophobic, resulting in a lower interest in mushrooms, limited culinary use, and a lower awareness of their role in the ecosystem and their potential health benefits. The low average score for knowledge of mushrooms in countries such as the UK indicates a need for increased mycological education that can contribute to a better understanding of the conservation of these important components of the forest floor. The high proportion of people who see mushroom picking in Poland as a form of recreation emphasises its role as an important cultural and potential nature tourism asset. In Poland, where long traditions are associated with mushrooms and mushroom picking, they have a strong influence on the choice of mycological tourism, especially in regions with a rich tradition of mushroom picking. The high percentage of mushrooms used for culinary purposes, especially in Poland, emphasises their value and influences the health component of the diet, which is rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Research has shown that mushroom consumption and its effects on health are perceived positively. This is evidenced by higher ratings in Poland than in the UK and Germany, indicating a general awareness of the health benefits of mushrooms, even though their use in medicine remains limited. The low level of awareness of the role of mushrooms and their potential health benefits suggests that educational and promotional activities should be increased to sensitise the public to mushrooms.

The Effect of First Aid Education on the Level of Knowledge Regarding Syncope Management in the KSR PMI Unit of Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Background: Syncope is an emergency condition characterized by sudden loss of consciousness due to inadequate blood flow to the brain, lack of oxygen and symptoms of other chronic diseases. The global incidence of syncope is estimated at 12 million cases per year. Syncope incidents on campus require help quickly and appropriately. The KSR PMI Unit of Muhammadiyah University Purwokerto is a volunteer corps organization that provides first aid for syncope. Objective: To determine the effect of first aid education on syncope management on the level of knowledge of members of the PMI KSR Unit, Purwokerto Muhammadiyah University. Method: This research uses quantitative research methods with a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test-post-test approach. The sample consisted of 35 respondents selected through total sampling technique. Results: The research results obtained a P value of 0.01, with an average knowledge score before being given the intervention of 8.46, with a minimum score range of 6 to a maximum score of 11. After receiving the intervention the average knowledge score increased to 14.29, with a minimum score of 11 and a maximum score of 15. Conclusion: There is an influence of first aid education on syncope management on the level of knowledge of members of the PMI KSR Unit, Purwokerto Muhammadiyah University.

Dental and oral health e-book on knowledge of debris index for elementary school students

Background: Based on information from Basic Health Research in 2013, around 28.9% of children aged 5-9 years and 25.2% of children aged 10-14 years experienced dental and oral health problems. Especially in childhood, dental caries is a problem that must be avoided, especially when they attend elementary school. Therefore, it is important for us to provide knowledge about how important it is to maintain healthy teeth in children. It is hoped that the educational program can increase public awareness about the importance of maintaining dental and oral health and motivate them to actively maintain their own dental and oral health. Providing e-books about dental and oral health as a learning tool is one innovative way to change children's behavior in maintaining dental and oral health. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of dental health e-books on knowledge and debris index in elementary school students. Method: This research uses a quasi experimental research design. This research was conducted on class V students of SDN Krukut 03 Limo Depok. The number of samples used was 54 people using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by direct examination and filling out a questionnaire sheet. Data were analyzed using the paired sample t-test. Results: Of the 54 samples, the average debris index score before counseling was 1.59, medium criteria and after counseling the average debris index was 0.95, medium criteria with the results of paired sample t-test p <0.001. There is a difference in the average knowledge score, namely from the previous 75.85, sufficient criteria to 88.52, good criteria, with the results of paired sample t-test p <0.001. Conclusion: Dental and oral health e-books are effective in increasing knowledge and reducing debris index scores in elementary school students.

Enhancing Nurses' Proficiency: A Study on the Impact of Caring Education Booklets

Background: Caring is a common phenomenon and a crucial component in delivering nursing care. In providing quality nursing care, in addition to caring, nurses also require adequate knowledge to provide optimal nursing care. One way to enhance knowledge is by using media that are engaging and easily comprehensible for nurses. Method: A pre-experimental research design with a non-randomized and post-test without a control group design was employed. The study was conducted in July 2023 in the Internal Medicine Ward of the hospital, involving a total of 32 respondents selected through a total sampling technique. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. Results: The research results indicated that the majority of nurses were aged 35 years, with 17 female respondents (53.1%), and 19 respondents (59.4%) having a Ners degree as their latest education. The average knowledge score of nurses regarding caring during nursing care before receiving caring training was 16.25, and after receiving caring training, it increased to an average of 19.28. After conducting the Spearman rank correlation test, a p-value of 0.016 was obtained (p0.05). Conclusion: There is an influence of caring education using booklets on nurses' knowledge while providing nursing care to patients in the Internal Medicine Ward of Ajibarang Regional General Hospital.

Study to Assess the Knowledge Level of Adolescent Girls Regarding Anaemia and Its Prevention in Selected Community Area of Mehrauli, Delhi

Anaemia is a global public health affecting human health as well as social and economic development. It is more prevalent in adolescent females. It is preventable and treatable. The most common cause recognized is iron deficiency. It is one of the major health concerns with prevalence of 59.1% (NFHS 2019-2021) among adolescent girls. The research was conducted in the year 2023, November on 50 adolescent girls were taken as sample using random sampling technique in selected community area Mehrauli, Delhi. Research design used in the study was descriptive research design & data was obtained through simple random sampling technique with the help of structured questionnaire for accessing the level of knowledge regarding anaemia and its prevention. The finding of the study indicates that 46.48% girls were having average knowledge score and subjects were deficit of knowledge regarding anaemia and its prevention. The calculated chi-square value between the level of knowledge and demographic variables was not statistically significant as evident from p < 0.05 value. Keywords: Knowledge, Anaemia and its prevention, Adolescent girls, Community Area.

Healthy Diet-Related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) and Related Socio-Demographic Characteristics among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Southwest China.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the current status and influencing factors of healthy diet knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among middle-aged and older adults aged 45-75 in Southwest China. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1822 middle-aged and older adults in Southwest China (including Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Chongqing) from February to May 2021. Results The average score of healthy diet knowledge was (4.82 ± 2.98), with a passing rate of 7.6%. The mean score of healthy diet attitude was (21.26 ± 4.18), with a passing rate of 69.5%. The average score of healthy diet practice was (13.76 ± 2.84), with a passing rate of 55.5%. The score for healthy diet KAP was (39.85 ± 7.21), with a passing rate of 41.2%. Univariate analysis showed that the scores of healthy diet KAP were significantly different among participants of different ages, genders, ethnicities, residences, education levels, monthly household incomes, and regions, as well as varying according to whether several generations have lived in the same area (p < 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression showed that the healthy diet KAP of participants was influenced by age, gender, residence, education level, monthly household income, and region (p < 0.05). Conclusion The healthy diet KAP of middle-aged and older adults aged 45-75 in Southwest China shows room for improvement. The knowledge regarding healthy diet was relatively low, and certain specific healthy diet practices were not up to the standard. However, there was a positive trend in the attitude towards a healthy diet. Healthy diet education should be promoted for middle-aged and older adults.

Use of Android-Based Flipbook Educational Media to Increase Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Intentions of Prospective Brides in Stunting Prevention in Semarang City

Background: The prevalence of stunting in Semarang City is still relatively high. Low public knowledge about stunting prevention can increase the incidence of stunting. Stunting can be prevented before pregnancy. Prospective brides are strategic targets in stunting prevention so that they can prepare for a healthy pregnancy. Increasing the knowledge of the prospective brides can be done by providing education using media that follows the characteristics of the prospective brides, namely using Android-based flipbook media. Aims: The study aims to analyze the effect of education using Android-based flipbook media on increasing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and intentions of prospective brides in stunting prevention in Semarang City. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental research design with a nonequivalent control group design. The sample of the research was prospective brides totaling 94 people, consisting of treatment and control groups of 47 people. Data collection used pre-test and post-test questionnaires to measure prospective brides’ knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and intentions in stunting prevention. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in the average knowledge score (p = 0.001), beliefs (p = 0.016), attitude (p = 0.001), and intention (p = 0.001) of prospective brides in stunting prevention. Conclusion: So it can be concluded that education about stunting prevention using Android-based flipbook media influences increasing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and intentions of prospective brides in stunting prevention. The greatest influence is shown on the knowledge variable, which is equal to 29,7%.

Promoting Dental Health Through Teledentistry: Assessing Awareness and Attitudes in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction Teledentistry has emerged as a promising solution to enhance dental healthcare accessibility and quality. Understanding public awareness and attitudes towardteledentistry is crucial for its successful implementation, especially in regions like Saudi Arabia where digital health initiatives are rapidly expanding. This study aims to assess the level of awareness, attitudes, and perceptions towardteledentistry among the Saudi Arabian population, as well as examine the demographic factors influencing its acceptance. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 474 participants, employing a structured questionnaire to collect data on demographics, awareness, knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward teledentistry. Statistical analyses, including correlation and chi-square tests, were performed to analyze the data. Results The majority of respondents (64%) reported awareness of teledentistry, primarily through the Internet (44.5%) and healthcare providers (36.3%). The average self-assessed knowledge score was 3.04 out of 5, indicating moderate familiarity with teledentistry concepts. Attitudes towardteledentistry were generally positive, with 54% expressing belief in its effectiveness. However, a significant portion of the sample showed reluctance towardusing teledentistry for routine dental check-ups, with only 45.1% showing willingness. High technological accessibility was reported, yet 55.9% of participants preferred traditional in-person consultations. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive relationship between knowledge and belief in effectiveness (r = 0.21), but a negligible correlation with willingness to use teledentistry (r = 0.016). A strong positive correlation was found between belief in effectiveness and willingness for routine check-ups (r = 0.673). Educational level significantly influenced teledentistry acceptance, with higher education correlating with greater receptiveness. Conclusion While there is a moderate level of awareness and a generally positive attitude towardteledentistry among the Saudi population, hesitance remains regarding its use for routine care. The findings highlight the need for educational initiatives to improve knowledge and perceptions of teledentistry, potentially enhancing its acceptance and integration into the healthcare system.

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Anorexia Nervosa among Adolescent Girls at Alshifa College of Nursing

Introduction and Background of the study: Anorexia Nervosa is defined as an eating disorder causing people to obsess about weight and what they eat. Aim: The study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding eating disorders among adolescent girls. Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design was adopted on 60 students by using convenient sampling technique. A self-administered structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge followed by structured teaching programme. The analysis of data was computed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: In pre-test adolescent girls had poor knowledge score that is 17 (28%) and only 42(70%) adolescent girls showing moderate knowledge score and 1 (2%) adolescent girls are having good knowledge score. In post-test the majority of adolescent girls in post-test had good knowledge score that is 50(90%)) and 10(18%) adolescent girls showing average knowledge score. No samples are having poor knowledge score. Conclusion: It was concluded that post-test scores were more as compare to pre-test score thus adolescent girls has good knowledge score, thus the present study suggested that structured teaching programme on eating disorders was successful in gaining the knowledge of adolescent girls.

Edukasi Terhadap Ibu Bayi Dalam Upaya Preventif Stunting Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Moncongloe

Stunting is a major nutritional problem that will have an impact on social and economic life in society. There is clear evidence that stunted individuals have higher rates of death from various causes and increased incidence of disease. Stunting will affect physical work performance, mental and intellectual functions will be disrupted and is associated with impaired immune function and increases the risk of death. Stunting is a nutritional problem that arises due to a lack of nutritional intake, resulting in impaired growth in children. This community service activity is carried out with the aim of increasing mothers' knowledge about stunting and its prevention efforts. The educational method used is through counseling. Activities are carried out in pre-test stages, providing education through counseling about stunting and its prevention, and finally a post-test. Data analysis was carried out using the Paired Samples T-Test with the subjects namely mothers with toddlers aged 6-24 months. The results show that there is an increase in the average knowledge score of mothers after receiving education, namely 11.19 points, the average pre-test score = 70.27 and the average post-test score = 81.46. The results of statistical analysis show a significance value of 0.000 (&lt; 0.05), so it can be concluded that providing education through counseling has an effect on increasing mothers' knowledge regarding stunting and its prevention efforts.

Utilizing Obstructive Sleep Apnea Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire and Investigating Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Current Medical Undergraduates’ Concept

Abstract Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most common sleep disorders in the world, but despite this, it is underdiagnosed and untreated. Given that sleep problems may be modifiable risk factors for adverse health outcomes, this study aimed to assess Saudi medical students’ perception toward OSA. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing a self-administered OSA Knowledge and Attitude questionnaire among medical students from seven universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between July 2022 and November 2022. Results: A total of 346 participants were included. 47.7% were male. The knowledge score ranged from 0 to 17 with an average knowledge score of 7.59 ± 3.68, and the knowledge score was normally distributed. Respondents who did not know the answer were 50% or greater in nine questions. None of the included respondents answered all questions correctly. The percentage of correct answers ranged from 7.8% to 66.8%. Two-thirds of the respondents knew that most OSA patients snore and overnight sleep study is the gold standard to diagnose OSA, while only 7.8% knew that laser-assisted uvuloplasty is an appropriate treatment for severe OSA. Gender, grade point average, and university showed no significant difference in terms of knowledge. Conclusion: The knowledge of medical students at Riyadh universities regarding the diagnosis and treatment of OSA was away from optimal. The reported lack of understanding of OSA may contribute to the underdiagnosis of this illness, which is becoming more common.

Understanding the Intersection of Occupational Health and Infectious Diseases: Addressing Underexplored Risks in High-Risk Work Environments

This study investigates the differences in knowledge across several professional areas for the prevention of infectious diseases. The survey included a sample of 600 people from the manufacturing, services, healthcare, and agricultural sectors. An organized survey was used to gauge participants' degree of understanding on the prevention of infectious diseases. The data was analyzed using an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and descriptive statistics. The results show that there are notable variations in the average knowledge scores between occupational sectors (F (3, 596) = 23.14, p &lt; 0.001). Healthcare professionals had noticeably greater knowledge scores than those in the manufacturing (p = 0.005), services (p = 0.002), and agricultural (p &lt; 0.001) sectors. Nonetheless, no noteworthy distinctions were noted across the manufacturing, services, and agricultural sectors. The research highlights significant gaps in knowledge on the prevention of infectious diseases among various occupational sectors, emphasizing the necessity for customized interventions aimed at improving preventative measures and closing the knowledge divide between sectors.

Pelatihan Pengenalan First Aid dan Bantuan Hidup Dasar untuk Para Kader di Desa Karangmulya, Kecamatan Bojongmangu

First Aid in Accidents was a temporary relief and treatment effort for accident victims before receiving more complete assistance from health workers. This cannot be done if the community as the front guard does not have the understanding and skills in initial treatment. First aid was important for accident victims to avoid death or disability. Knowledge of Basic Life Support (BLS) was very necessary to handle these cases. This activity aims to increased knowledge and skills in providing Basic Life Support (BLS) for Health Cadres in Karangmulya village. The method used is training for cadres. The results of the t-test showed that the average pre-test knowledge of the training participants was 4.91 with a median of 4.5 for the pre-test, a standard deviation of 1.130 and an average post-test knowledge score of 6.67 with a standard deviation of 0.89 and a median of 7.00. It can be concluded that there was an increase in knowledge after training with an average difference of 2 scores. This data also shows that cadres are an asset as ordinary people are quick to receive information and learning for emergencies. It is hoped that this activity will be carried out periodically.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward photoaging in the Chinese population: a cross-sectional study

To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of photoaging in the Chinese population. This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2023 and March 2023 among the Chinese population aged 18–80 years old. Participants’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward photoaging were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 830 questionnaires were collected, with 826 valid questionnaires and an efficiency rate of 99.52%. There were 274 (33.17%) males and 532 (64.41%) aged 31–51 years old. The average knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 7 (4, 9) (possible range 0–12), 31.5 (28, 34) (possible range 8–40), and 33 (24, 42) (possible range 11–55), respectively, indicating poor knowledge, good attitude, and moderate practice. Spearman correlation analysis showed that knowledge was negatively correlated with attitude (r = − 0.111, P < 0.05) and practice (r = − 0.113, P < 0.05), and attitude was positively correlated with practice (r = 0.992, P < 0.05). The multivariable linear regression model showed that for each point increase in attitude score, the practice score increased by 2.96 points (β = 2.96, 95% CI 2.91–3.01, P < 0.001). The Chinese population has poor knowledge, good attitude, and moderate practice toward photoaging. A good attitude toward photoaging would lead to good practice, and more outreach and education for the Chinese population might be needed.

Operating room technologists' knowledge, attitude, and preparedness for disaster management of a Zahedan: Implications for nursing disaster education.

During the occurrence of accidents and disasters, the role of hospitals and healthcare centers is very sensitive and they are among the first units that with their quick, optimal, and timely healthcare services provision can reduce mortality and increase the number of survivors. For this purpose, this study was conducted to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and level of preparedness of operating room technologists of educational hospitals of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in relation to disasters. The present research is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted with the participation of 60 operating room technologists of Zahedan educational hospitals from January 2022 to December 2022. The sampling was performed by the census method. The data collection tool was a demographic characteristic and a researcher-made questionnaire for the assessment of attitude, knowledge, and preparation against the occurrences of accidents and disasters was completed during 2 months by referring the researcher to the hospitals. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics and analytical statistical tests were used. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Corp., Armonk, NY, USA. The significance level was considered P < 0.05. The results showed that the average scores of attitude, preparation, and knowledge are 9.3 ± 6.1, 75.8 ± 9.9, and 5.7 ± 4.1, respectively, and the majority of operating room technologists have a favorable level towards attitude and have relatively favorable level towards preparation and knowledge during the occurrence of disasters. The average score of knowledge and attitude of operating room technologists with work history had a significant difference from each other (P < 0.05). technologists with less work experience have more knowledge and a more positive attitudedisaster. Measuring the level of knowledge, attitude, and preparedness of surgical technologists to deal with disasters as one of the ways of receiving feedback from employee training can be a useful reflection of the success of training programs in creating the necessary capabilities in various fields of disaster preparedness, and it can be a powerful tool for increasing individual and group dynamics and organizing individual learning in coping training. Furthermore, disaster education should be incorporated into the operating room curriculum, which would play a seminal role in preparing them for future disaster management. It is also suggested to investigate the impact of intelligent training on the level of knowledge, attitude, and preparation of operating room personnel regarding disasters and obstacles in this regard in future research.

Assessing Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding the Risks and Prevention of Consanguineous Marriage: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey.

Several studies indicate a correlation between consanguinity and genetic disorders, congenital malformations, harm to reproductive health, and increased child mortality. To assess students' knowledge and attitudes about risks and prevention of consanguineous marriage. Demographic details of the participants and data on knowledge and attitudes concerning the risks and prevention of consanguineous marriage were obtained using an online self-administered questionnaire. The factors associated with good knowledge and attitude toward consanguineous marriage were investigated by logistic regression analysis. A total of 667 participants enrolled in the study. The average knowledge score about consanguineous marriage risk and prevention was 78.6% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) [77.3, 79.8], and the average attitude was 79.7% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) [79, 80.6]. A better knowledge score was observed in older participants (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.004-1.024), females (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.48-1.94), participants with parental history of consanguinity (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.17-1.52), participants with family history of consanguineous marriage (OR 5.18; 95% CI 2.19-7.10), and participants with family history of inherited disease (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.25-1.86). In general, the overall level of knowledge and attitudes toward consanguineous marriage risk and prevention was good among university students. To efficiently control and manage the adverse health impacts associated with consanguineous marriage, there is an urgent need to develop and implement evidence-based counseling and screening programs for consanguineous marriage that would significantly reduce the number of at-risk marriages.

Knowledge, Perception, and Self-Confidence of Antibiotic Resistance, Appropriate Antibiotic Therapy, and Antibiotic Stewardship Among Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in Sudan.

Adequate training in infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance is crucial for pharmacy students to participate in antibiotic stewardship programs and understand microbiology careers. The study was carried out to assess the knowledge and self-reported confidence in antibiotic resistance, antibiotic therapy, and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) among final-year undergraduate pharmacy students in Sudan. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three universities using a 57-item online questionnaire between April and May 2022. A total of 109 students (response rate 36%) participated and showed average knowledge scores of 5.6±1.7 (out of 10.0) for antibiotic resistance, 4.9±2.0 (out of 5.0) for appropriate antibiotic therapy, and 3.1±1.4 (out of 5.0) for AMS. No significant differences were observed among schools. Some students reported poor knowledge about antibiotic therapy and the consequences of resistance. One-third of students lacked confidence in interpreting microbiological results. Knowledge of antibiotic resistance among students' practice area after graduation was higher (p=0.017) and those interested in ID careers (5.8 vs 4.8) (p=0.037). Male students (5.6 vs 4.5) and those interested in ID careers (4.3 vs 3.4) (p<0.001) had higher scores of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Students attended antibiotic resistance courses (51.5 vs 45.2), and those interested in ID significantly had higher self-confidence (55.3 vs 45.8) (p=0.008). Pharmacy students in Sudan have substantial knowledge of AMS and antibiotic resistance with poor knowledge of antibiotic therapy. Adequate training about infectious diseases and related topics is recommended to improve pharmacy students' understanding of microbiological findings, other competencies, and skills to incorporate in antimicrobial stewardship.