Average Duration Of Breastfeeding Research Articles

Reproductive history is associated with functional disabilities and symptoms in women with knee osteoarthritis: a case-control study

ObjectivesStudies that have examined the correlation between reproductive history and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) have had heterogeneous findings. We aimed to investigate the reproductive history and its relationship with pain and physical dysfunction in women with KOA. This case-control study, comprising 204 women aged 50 and older with and without KOA recruited through random cluster sampling, was executed from February 2018 to October 2018 in the health centers of Tabriz City. The reproductive history questionnaire was completed for the subjects in two groups. Pain intensity and functional dysfunction caused by KOA were evaluated using the Visual analogue scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster index, respectively.ResultsThe women’s age of menarche in the case group was significantly lower (p = 0.031), and the number of pregnancies (p = 0.017) and the average duration of breastfeeding (p = 0.039) were substantially higher than those of the control group. Older age at the first menstruation (OR = 0.851) was a protective factor, and higher parity (OR = 8.726) was a risk factor for KOA. In the women with KOA, the younger age of the mother at the birth of the first alive baby and the longer duration of breastfeeding were associated with higher pain intensity and functional disorders.

The Influence of Baby Massage on The Frequency and Duration of Breastfeeding in Infants Aged 0-6 Months

ABSTRACT The duration and frequency of breastfeeding in infants not only affects the infants but also their mothers, as the frequency of infant suckling influences maternal breast milk production. Data obtained from Suoh Village, the working area of the Bandar Negeri Suoh Health Center, revealed that 40% of infants were breastfeeding only 6-7 times a day, and 20% of infants were breastfeeding for just 5 minutes. One effort that can be made to increase the duration and frequency of breastfeeding is by providing infant massage therapy. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of infant massage on the frequency and duration of breastfeeding in infants aged 0-6 months in Suoh Village, the working area of Bandar Negeri Suoh Public Health Center, in the year 2023. This research employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design and a one-group pretest and posttest design. The population in this study consisted of all infants aged 0-6 months in the working area of Bandar Negeri Suoh Public Health Center, with a sample size of 30 individuals. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The study was conducted in July 2023. The data analysis in this study employed the Wilcoxon test. The results of this study indicated that the average frequency of breastfeeding before infant massage therapy was 6.93 times, and after the therapy it increased to 10.37 times. The average duration of breastfeeding before infant massage therapy was 6.77 minutes, and after the therapy it was 10.27 minutes. The bivariate analysis results revealed that there was a significant effect of infant massage therapy on the frequency of breastfeeding with a p-value of 0.000. There was also a significant effect of infant massage therapy on the duration of breastfeeding with a p-value of 0.000. Anthe effect of infant massage on the frequency and duration of breastfeeding in infants aged 0-6 months in Suoh Village, the working area of Bandar Negeri Suoh Public Health Center, in the year 2023. Keywords: Breastfeeding Duration, Breastfeeding Frequency, Infant Massage

Gestational diabetes and breastfeeding-related pain as major contributors to early breastfeeding cessation

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus, breastfeeding-related pain, and infant growth on the cessation of breastfeeding. Methods: This is secondary data analysis. This study included 60 pregnant women from 3 prenatal breastfeeding clinics. Pregnant women aged 20–49 years, with or without a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus were enrolled. The participants were administered four self-reported questionnaires, one at 5 days, 14 days, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum. A linear mixed model and Cox regression analysis were used. Data were collected between May 25, 2020 and June 14, 2021. Results: The rate of breastfeeding cessation was 55.0% (n=33). The average maternal ages were 32.30 (±4.61) and 31.33 (±7.05) years in the cessation and maintenance groups, respectively. The average duration of breastfeeding in the cessation group was 56.27 (±37.48) days. After adjusting for all covariates, the risk of breastfeeding cessation was 2.5 times greater among participants diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (p=.042). Additionally, the risk of breastfeeding cessation was 1.3 times greater among those with severe breastfeeding-related pain (p=.015). Conclusion: The first two months postpartum is the most essential time for healthcare workers to provide support and address difficulties associated with breastfeeding for mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Exploring the Association between Socioeconomic and Psychological Factors and Breastfeeding in the First Year of Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand.

Breastfeeding is essential for the survival, nutrition, and development of infants and young children. As a result of COVID-19’s effects of economic crises and psychological difficulties, breastfeeding outcomes have declined. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between socioeconomic and psychological factors with breastfeeding duration in the first year of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional online surveys (n = 390) were conducted between August and November 2021. The participants were women aged 15 years and above who had given birth within 6−12 months before data collection and delivered in public hospitals in the top three provinces with the worst COVID-19 outbreaks during the second wave in Thailand. The average breastfeeding duration in this study was 6.20 months (±2.5) with a range of 1−12 months. Of mothers, 44.9% continued to breastfeed until between 6 and 12 months of age. In a multiple regression analysis, family income (Beta = 0.112, t = 1.988, p < 0.05), breastfeeding intention (beta = 0.097, t = 2.142, p < 0.05), intended breastfeeding duration (beta = 0.391, t = 8.355, p < 0.05), intention to receive vaccination (beta =0.129, t = 2.720, p < 0.05), and anxiety (beta = 0.118, t = 2.237, p < 0.05) were associated with breastfeeding duration in the first year of life (F (7, 382) = 20.977, p < 0.05, R2 = 0.278, R2 Adjusted = 0.264). During COVID-19, psychological factors were more strongly associated with breastfeeding duration in the first year of life than socioeconomic factors. Healthcare providers should promote breastfeeding intention, motivate COVID-19 vaccination intention, and support mental health among lactating mothers, particularly in the event of a pandemic.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices For Nutrition And WASH Among Care Givers Of Children Under 5 Years Old In Hajjah And Hodeidah Governorates, Yemen

Background: Appropriate feeding is important in improving nutritional status &amp; child survival. UNICF reported that malnutrition due to food insecurity in Yemen is alarming (&gt; 15%). The water situation in Yemen is in severe crisis and 50% of Yemen's population does not have access to safe drinking water or sanitation. The aim of this study was to identify knowledge, attitude and practices of caregivers toward nutrition and WASH of their children under 5 years old in Hajjah and Hodeidah governorates, Yemen. Methods: This was a KAP study with two-stage cluster sampling using the nutrition survey model. The principal tool to understand or define previous and current KAP towards recommended nutrition and WASH practice followed nutrition survey model which was adopted from the UNICEF’s guideline for assessing nutrition. KAP survey assesses both the short-term outcomes of social behavior change activities like a change in knowledge or attitudes but also the medium and long-term outcomes, such as a change in actual behavior and the resultant practices. Results: There is good knowledge on breastfeeding, and its initiation within one hour after birth; and the breast milk ideal food for 0-6 months aged child. However, benefits of breastfeeding on mother is absolutely unknown by 39.9%. Average duration of breastfeeding is 18.5 months; however, cease of breastfeeding among 42.1% mothers was due to lack of breast milk. Only 1 in 5 children received daily 4+ items of food which indicates low rate of minimum diet diversity. 44% of households are using unprotected wells as a main source for their domestic/drinking water needs. In addition, there is potential contamination of water during handling inside house that highlights importance of providing more training about water handling at household level. Open defecation is practiced by 57.9% of households, 53.6% dispose the wastes behind the house. Overall 38.46% of HHs have latrines. About half of women wash hands after using the toilet, 38.2% before cooking, 65.7% before eating and 35.5% before feeding the child. No hand-wash premises among almost all households. Conclusion: There is a positive return on good nutrition practice and WASH practices of DRC investment.&#x0D;

Management of Breast Abscess during Breastfeeding.

(1) Background: Breast abscess (BA) is a condition leading in the majority of cases to breastfeeding interruption. Abscesses are commonly treated with antibiotics, needle aspiration or incision and drainage (I&D), but there is still no consensus on the optimal treatment. Since there are no well-defined clinical guidelines for abscess management, we conducted a retrospective, observational study with the aim of assessing ultrasound (US)-guided management of BA without surgery, regardless of the BA size. The secondary objective was the microbiologic characterization and, in particular, the S. aureus methicillin resistance identification. (2) Methods: our population included 64 breastfeeding mothers with diagnosis of BA. For every patient, data about maternal, perinatal and breastfeeding features were collected. All patients underwent office US scans and 40 out of 64 required a more detailed breast diagnostic ultrasound performed by a radiologist. In all cases, samples of milk or abscess material were microbiologically tested. All patients received oral antibiotic treatment. We performed needle aspiration, when feasible, even on abscesses greater than 5 cm. (3) Results: most of the women developed BA during the first 100 days (68.8% during the first 60 days) after delivery and 13 needed hospitalization. Four abscesses were bilateral and 16 had a US major diameter greater than 5 cm. All patients were treated with antibiotic therapy according to our clinical protocol and 71.9% (46/64) underwent fine needle aspiration. None of them required I&D. The average duration of breastfeeding was 5 months (IR 2; 9.5) and 40.6% of women with BA continued to breastfeed for more than 6 months. Only 21 mothers interrupted breastfeeding before 3 months. (4) Conclusions: our observational data suggest, regardless of the size and the clinical features of the BA, a conservative approach with antibiotic therapy targeted at the Methicillin-Resistant Staphilococcus aureus (MRSA) identified and needle aspiration, if feasible. In our experience, treatment with needle aspiration is a cost- effective method. Unlike drainage, it is an outpatient procedure, easily repeatable, with no cosmetic damage. In addition, it has lower risk of recurrences since, differently from surgical incision, it does not cause interruption of the ducts. Moreover, needle aspiration is less painful, does not require the separation of the mother-child dyad and allows for a quicker, if not immediate, return to breastfeeding.

Pengalaman menyusui pada ibu remaja: a scoping review

The coverage of breastfeeding in adolescent mothers was lower and the average duration of breastfeeding was shorter than the adult mothers. Adolescent mothers undergo the transition stages of becoming parents and adults simultaneously, which poses challenges to the breastfeeding process. The aim of this review was to discover the experience of breastfeeding in adolescent mothers. The scoping review method adapted the Arksey and O'Malley framework. There were 11 out of 562 articles selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The experience of breastfeeding in adolescent mothers was described in three themes, namely breastfeeding decision making, factors that support breastfeeding and obstacles during breastfeeding

Breast cancer risk factors in relation to molecular subtypes in breast cancer patients from Kenya

BackgroundFew studies have investigated risk factor heterogeneity by molecular subtypes in indigenous African populations where prevalence of traditional breast cancer (BC) risk factors, genetic background, and environmental exposures show marked differences compared to European ancestry populations.MethodsWe conducted a case-only analysis of 838 pathologically confirmed BC cases recruited from 5 groups of public, faith-based, and private institutions across Kenya between March 2012 to May 2015. Centralized pathology review and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for key markers (ER, PR, HER2, EGFR, CK5-6, and Ki67) was performed to define subtypes. Risk factor data was collected at time of diagnosis through a questionnaire. Multivariable polytomous logistic regression models were used to determine associations between BC risk factors and tumor molecular subtypes, adjusted for clinical characteristics and risk factors.ResultsThe median age at menarche and first pregnancy were 14 and 21 years, median number of children was 3, and breastfeeding duration was 62 months per child. Distribution of molecular subtypes for luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and triple negative (TN) breast cancers was 34.8%, 35.8%, 10.7%, and 18.6%, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, compared to patients with ER-positive tumors, ER-negative patients were more likely to have higher parity (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = (1.11, 3.72), p = 0.021, comparing ≥ 5 to ≤ 2 children). Compared to patients with luminal A tumors, luminal B patients were more likely to have lower parity (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.23, 0.87, p = 0.018, comparing ≥ 5 to ≤ 2 children); HER2-enriched patients were less likely to be obese (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.16, 0.81, p = 0.013) or older age at menopause (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.15, 0.997, p = 0.049). Body mass index (BMI), either overall or by menopausal status, did not vary significantly by ER status. Overall, cumulative or average breastfeeding duration did not vary significantly across subtypes.ConclusionsIn Kenya, we found associations between parity-related risk factors and ER status consistent with observations in European ancestry populations, but differing associations with BMI and breastfeeding. Inclusion of diverse populations in cancer etiology studies is needed to develop population and subtype-specific risk prediction/prevention strategies.

Breastfeeding, body image, and weight control behavior among postpartum women

The goal of this study was to examine breastfeeding behavior and attitudes as predictors of women’s body image and weight control behavior. This study extends past research by focusing on positive body image variables including body appreciation and perceived body functionality. Women (N = 597) from the United States who had recently birthed biological babies ages 0–12 months participated in an online study. Current breastfeeding rates were high (86 %), and average breastfeeding duration was approximately 3 months. Women who were currently breastfeeding indicated more positive body images and less likelihood of engaging in maladaptive weight control behaviors than women who were no longer breastfeeding or had never breastfed their baby. Women’s positive attitudes toward breastfeeding were associated with awareness and appreciation of body functionality and fewer maladaptive weight control behaviors. These findings extend research on the health benefits of positive body image and suggest that breastfeeding may occur within a constellation of beliefs and behaviors indicative of positive body image.

Spatial Bayes Analysis on Cases of Malnutrition in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Abstract Malnutrition is a condition of serious nutritional disorders that occurs when food intake does not match the amount of nutrients needed. This nutritional disorder is fatal to a toddler’s health if not treated immediately. For this reason, the purposes of this study are to model and map malnutrition cases by taking into account regional aspects using the Bayes spatial analysis whose inference uses INLA (integrated nested Laplace approximation). The spatial Bayes model used is a generalized linear mixed model, by including random effects in the form of conditional autoregressive spatial structured components. The response variable is the number of cases of malnutrition in 22 city districts in Indonesia’s East Nusa Tenggara province, which is assumed to have a Poisson distribution. In spatial modeling, the fixed effects as the explanatory variables are included, i.e. the number of children under five given complete immunization, the poverty depth index, the number of maternal and child health services, population density and the average duration of breastfeeding. The results of spatial modeling show that the poverty depth index is the main variable that has a significant effect on the number of malnutrition cases. From the results of spatial mapping, it can be seen that there are regional links that affect the number of malnutrition cases, including in Sumba Barat Daya, Sumba Barat and Sumba Utara which have a high probability of malnutrition risk rather than in Sumba Timur.

Breastfeeding challenges among Thai adolescent mothers: hidden breastfeeding discontinuation experiences

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of adolescent mothers who wean their babies from breastfeeding before the first six months from the perspective of a psychosocial aspect in the Thai context.Design/methodology/approachA descriptive qualitative design was applied to this study to obtain meaningful data. The adolescent mothers for the primary study and nine supplementary participants were recruited from the largest university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 adolescent mothers. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used for data analysis.FindingsThe average breastfeeding duration was 3.1 months while breastfeeding exclusively lasted 1.3 months. More than half of the adolescent mothers encountered breastfeeding problems at hospitalization including sore/cracked nipples (63.6%), one side breastfeeding (27.3%) and exhaustion (9.1%). According to the content analysis, (1) breastfeeding obstacles concealed by the adolescents' dependence and (2) repetitive emotional mistakes encountered were the two main themes that emerged.Originality/valueThe influence of key family members plays a vital role in breastfeeding and psychological outcomes. Therefore, family-adolescent support programs including support from the adolescents' mothers and grandmothers may improve breastfeeding outcomes, yield positive emotions and enhance maternal attachment. Moreover, healthcare professions are important mediators to convince adolescent mothers' key family members to reach an agreement and provide suitable support.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BOLU KUKUS DAUN KATUK TERHADAP PRODUKSI ASI DI WILAYAH KERJA RUMAH SAKIT GRANDMED LUBUK PAKAM

Katuk leaves can increase breast milk production because it’s have polyhenols and steroids were instrumental in prolactin reflex to produce breast milk, and can stimulate the hormone oxytocin to stimulate spending and flow of breast milk. Breast milk production and expenditure is influenced by two hormones, prolactin and oxytocin.This studi aims to determine the effect of giving katuk leaves steamed sponge cake for breast milk production in Grandmed Hospital Lubuk Pakam. This research method is quasi experiment with pre and posttest design. The population in this study is breastfeeding mothers of infants 0-6 months in Grandmed Hospital Lubuk Pakam. The sample is 30 people consisting of 15 control and 15 treatment group. In the treatment group was given intervention katuk leaves steamed sponge cake as much as 100 grams (2pieces) every day for 30 days. From the result of this research average frequency of breastfeeding in the control group as 8.07 time and the treatment group times as much as 10.40. While the average duration of breastfeeding in the control group as much as 6.80 minutes and 9.74 minutes in the treatment group. The result of the analysis with T-test was obtained p Value 0,000, it can concluded that there is the effect of giving katuk leaves steamed sponge cake katuk for breast milk production.

Abstract 4634: Breastfeeding and prognosis of breast cancer among Chinese women

Abstract Breastfeeding that linked to breast cancer risk may also influence the prognosis. A few previous studies on this topic have yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to explore the dose-effect relationship between breastfeeding duration and breast cancer survival among Chinese women. We collected breastfeeding status, first breastfeeding duration (FBD), total breastfeeding duration (TBD) and average breastfeeding duration per child (ABD) from 3110 primary breast cancer patients recruited between October 2008 and June 2016 in Guangzhou, China and followed up until June 30, 2018. Restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional regression models were conducted to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in association with breastfeeding. Long FBD (≥13 months) (HR=1.56 [1.13-2.17]), ABD (≥13 months) (HR=1.43 [1.04-1.96]) and TBD (≥37 months) (HR=1.73 [1.07-2.80]) were found to be associated with an increased risk of progression compared to moderate durations (FBD/ABD of 7-12 months, TBD of 19-36 months). Similar associations were observed for all-cause death. When stratified by ER status, the above effects of long FBD and ABD occurred only among patients with ER-positive tumor and the interactions were significant (FBD: Pinteraction=0.04 and 0.06, ABD: Pinteraction=0.07 and 0.04 for OS and PFS, respectively). Additionally, short FBD (≤6 months) increased the risk of a poor prognosis among young patients (≤45 years) (HR=1.86 [1.04-3.32] and 1.58 [1.06-2.34] for OS and PFS, respectively) but not old women (Pinteraction=0.02 for both OS and PFS). These findings would help clinical counseling and gaining insight into the mechanisms of breast cancer development. Citation Format: Zefang Ren, Xiang Wang, Luying Tang. Breastfeeding and prognosis of breast cancer among Chinese women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4634.

Faktor-Faktor yang berhubungan dengan penyapihan oleh ibu yang mempunyai balita usia 2 tahun di Calang Aceh Jaya

Background: Weaning is a process of cessation of breastfeeding by breastfeeding not as expected. Weaning is also a process of stopping breastfeeding in infants. Indonesia Demographic Health Data (IDHS) there are 52% of mothers who give exclusive breastfeeding to infants, and the average duration of breastfeeding is 19 months.Objective: The study aims to measure the factors associated with weaning by mothers with children aged 2 years in Calang, Aceh Jaya.Method: This type of research is analytic descriptive with a cross sectional approach. Research has been carried out in Calang, Aceh Jaya. The number of samples taken in the study amounted to 34 mothers who have toddlers aged 2 years. The study was conducted in 2016. Primary data include sample identity in the form of name, age, date of birth, occupation, level of education, and children collected by direct interview using a questionnaire. This analysis uses the SPSS program, including the chi-square statistical test.Results: The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between maternal employment for weaning (p = 0.032), there is a relationship between maternal knowledge of weaning (p = 0.043), there is a relationship between maternal health for weaning (p = 0.038), there is a relationship between maternal pregnancy distance against weaning with a value (p = 0.032).Conclusion: Factors related to weaning are maternal occupation, knowledge, maternal health, and maternal pregnancy distance. Need to increase education and health promotion for breastfeeding mothers related to the importance of weaning at the age of 24 months.

Induced Lactation for Adoptive Breastfeeding Dyads

IntroductionBreastfeeding has many benefits for both mother and baby, but not all mothers can have their own babies. Here we used an induced lactation protocol to breastfeed adopted babies.Materials and MethodWe implement and describe an induced lactation protocol for adoptive breastfeeding dyads at Kemang Medical Care (KMC) Women and Children Hospital and Permata Depok Hospital, Greater Jakarta, Indonesia. Participants included 32 of 48 breastfeeding dyads or subjects undergoing induced lactation protocols and fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The induced lactation protocol included the Praborini Method (hospitalization for nipple confusion) to promote latching, pharmacologically induced lactation, and at-breast supplementation.ResultsNineteen babies (59.4%) were aged &lt;1 month and nine (28.1%) were aged 1–3 months at protocol initiation. Almost all (31 babies, 96.8%) were adopted after birth. At first examination, 20 babies (62.5%) could not latch, but all dyads could breastfeed after hospitalization for &lt;1–2 days. Breast milk was induced after one cycle of Yasmin in 24 cases (75%). All mothers took domperidone and no side-effects were reported. Average breastfeeding duration was 8.5 months, with weaning at 2–25 months of age, with working mothers weaning at ≤4 months. At-breast supplementation was used until weaning.ConclusionsAdopted babies can achieve long-term breastfeeding through this multimodal protocol. Further prospective studies are warranted.

Gender, Intra-Household Discrimination and Cash Transfer Schemes: The Case of Indian Punjab

For many years, the Punjab province of India has had the dubious distinction of having the worst sex ratio among all other states of India. In recent years, both the child sex ratio and the overall sex ratio has shown a marked improvement in the state. This paper analyses whether the improvement in sex ratios has narrowed down gender discrimination against the girl child in Punjab. This paper examines the intra-household gender differences in indicators of nutrition and well-being by employing logistic regression analysis on the latest available data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) for the year 2015–2016. It also evaluates the cash transfer schemes currently being implemented in Punjab for the welfare of the girl child and analyses their relative efficacy. The key results from the study reveal that gender continues to have a significant impact on indicators of child well-being and nutrition such as the average duration of breastfeeding and intra-household food allocation. The paper also finds that cash transfer schemes do not have a statistically significant impact on indicators of child malnutrition in the state.

Association Between Maternal Macronutrient Intake with Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Hispanic Mothers (P11-073-19)

ObjectivesStudies have shown that maternal diet impacts the composition of breastmilk. One of the most abundant components of breastmilk are complex sugars collectively known as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) that, among other effects, act as prebiotics helping to shape the gut microbiota of infants. The aim of this study was to examine associations between maternal intake of macronutrients and abundance of individual HMOs in breastmilk up to 6 months postpartum, the recommended period of exclusive breastfeeding. MethodsHispanic mothers provided a sample of their breast milk at 1 month (n = 130) and 6 months (n = 54) postpartum and dietary macronutrients were assessed at these timepoints using 24-hour diet recalls in duplicate or triplicate. Linear models were used to examine the 1- and 6-month cross sectional associations between saturated fat, unsaturated fats, protein, fiber, added sugar, total sugar and fructose and 19 of the most abundant HMOs measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. All models adjusted for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, total caloric intake, number of breastfeedings per day and average duration of breastfeeding. ResultsAt 1-month postpartum, saturated fat intake was inversely associated with milk lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) (p-value = 0.044) and positively associated with difucosyllacto-N-hexaose (DFLNH) (p-value = 0.007). At 6-months postpartum, added sugar intake was negatively associated with fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose (FDSLNH) (p-value = 0.001), and total sugar intake was also negatively associated with fucosyl-disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose (FDSLNH) (p-value = 0.003). ConclusionsOur results indicate that the abundance of several HMOs is associated with maternal macronutrient intake. This finding is preliminary to determining the possible impact of maternal diet on the composition of infants’ gut microbiota via HMOs. Funding SourcesNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH R01 DK110793) and the Gerber Foundation.

Socioeconomic status and breastfeeding in China: an analysis of data from a longitudinal nationwide household survey

BackgroundSocioeconomic status is an important factor affecting the initiation and cessation of breastfeeding. However, limited evidence exists regarding the association between socioeconomic status and breastfeeding behavior in China on a national level. This study aims to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and the initiation and duration of breastfeeding in China.MethodsData were collected from the China Family Panel Studies, a longitudinal nationwide household survey. A total of 2938 infants born between 2010 and 2014 were included in the study. The logistic regression model was used to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and the initiation of breastfeeding. Meanwhile, the Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and the risk of breastfeeding cessation.ResultsOverall, 90.5% of infants were breastfed, while the average duration of breastfeeding was 8.66 months in China. The breastfeeding continuance rate at 12 months declined sharply, to 30.1%. The study’s findings also indicate that socioeconomic status did not significantly affect breastfeeding initiation. However, infants whose mothers had a high school or higher education and who scored 33–58 on the International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status (ISEI) were more likely to experience breastfeeding cessation, as were infants whose fathers had an ISEI score of 59–90.ConclusionsEfforts to promote breastfeeding practices should be conducted comprehensively to target mothers with a high school or higher education, mothers with a medium occupational status, and fathers with a high occupational status.

Breastfeeding and Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalization and Mortality in Parous Women: Evidence From a Large Australian Cohort Study.

BackgroundFew studies have investigated the longitudinal association between breastfeeding and maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. This study examined the association between breastfeeding and CVD hospitalization and mortality in a large Australian cohort.Methods and ResultsBaseline questionnaire data (2006–2009) from a sample of 100 864 parous women aged ≥45 years from New South Wales, Australia, were linked to hospitalization and death data until June 2014 and December 2013, respectively. Analysis was restricted to women without self‐reported medically diagnosed CVD at baseline or without past CVD hospitalization 6 years before study entry. Never versus ever breastfeeding and average breastfeeding duration per child, derived from self‐reported lifetime breastfeeding duration and number of children, and categorized as never breastfed, <6, >6 to 12, or >12 months/child, were assessed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the association between breastfeeding and CVD outcomes. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, and medical and reproductive history. There were 3428 (3.4%) first CVD‐related hospital admissions and 418 (0.4%) deaths during a mean follow‐up time of 6.1 years for CVD hospitalization and 5.7 years for CVD mortality. Ever breastfeeding was associated with lower risk of CVD hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.86 [0.78, 0.96]; P=0.005) and CVD mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.66 [0.49, 0.89]; P=0.006) compared with never breastfeeding. Breastfeeding ≤12 months/child was significantly associated with lower risk of CVD hospitalization.ConclusionsBreastfeeding is associated with lower maternal risk of CVD hospitalization and mortality in middle‐aged and older Australian women. Breastfeeding may offer long‐term maternal cardiovascular health benefits.

English

The study identified the risk factors associated with breast cancer development and determined its prevalence. A cross sectional design using mixed method was adopted for the study. It was conducted in 22 Primary Health Care centres (PHCs) in Osogbo and Olorunda Local government areas of Osun State. A purposive sampling technique was used to select four hundred child bearing age women (19 - 44 years) who brought their babies for immunization at the 22 PHCs in the two selected local government areas in Osogbo. Respondents from each PHC were selected by proportionate sampling. Two instruments were used for data collection. The Short Form Breast Cancer Risk Questionnaire was used to collect data on the Socio-demographic profile and other relevant data related to breast cancer risk factors. In depth interview was also used to collect data on risk factors associated with breast cancer from 10 women selected from 3 PHCs out of the 22 PHCs which were randomly selected through balloting method. The Gail model which is a mathematical model was used to estimate individual five year absolute breast cancer risk. Women with score of 1.67% and above were categorized as high risk, 1.49 to 1.66% as average risk and a score < 1.49% as low risk. The rationale for using Gail model in the study is to classify the distribution of risk factors in the study according to the level of risks, (high, average and low) as explained above i.e. Women with score of 1.67% and above were categorized as high risk, 1.49 to 1.66% as average risk and a score < 1.49% as low risk. The logistic regression further revealed that family history of breast cancer increased significantly the odds of having higher risk of breast cancer development (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.06–11.46, p-value = 0.002). However, increase in average duration of breastfeeding reduced significantly the odds of having higher risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97 - 1.00, p-value-0.013). The Gail model calculation revealed that 2.3% were at high risk, 2% were at average risk while 95.7% were at low risk. The researcher used the statistical modelling method (logistic regression) to examine the relative importance of each risk factor in predicting the outcome. This study concluded that the key risk factors for breast cancer development were presence of family history and short duration of breastfeeding. Key words: Assessment, breast cancer, reproductive age, risk factors, Gail model.