The authors investigated trends in U.S. state and local government health employees per million persons at the aggregated 50-state, regional, and state levels. The authors used repeated cross-sectional data from the Annual Survey of Public Employment & Payroll. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate average annual percentage changes and annual percentage changes from 2000 through 2023. State and local full-time and part-time government health employees included public health and several other categories of health workers. State and local government health employees per million persons remained stable in the U.S. from 2000 through 2023. Heterogeneous trends in state and local government health employees were observed by region: Northeast (average annual percentage change=0.5% increase, 95% CI=0.3%, 0.7%), Midwest (average annual percentage change=0.9% increase, 95% CI=0.6%, 1.1%), South (average annual percentage change= -0.7% decrease, 95% CI= -0.9%, -0.5%), and West (average annual percentage change=0.1% increase, 95% CI= -0.1%, 0.2%). The authors observed further variation in state-stratified analyses. Most U.S. states experienced decreasing trends during the Great Recession (2007-2009) and increasing trends during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023). Stable and long-term funding streams are essential to support consistent recruitment, training, and retention of state and local government health employees. Health policies should account for regional variations in health needs and employment trends when planning the state and local government health hiring.

Trends and disparities in cancer mortality involving intracerebral hemorrhage in the United States from 1999 to 2020.

To explore the geographical and risk factor trends associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data (1990-2021). Age-standardized T2DM incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the GBD for 204 countries stratified by sociodemographic index (SDI). Trends were analysed using joinpoint regression to compute average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) and mapping. Age-standardized burden estimates were calculated across 5-year age groups. Risk factor attribution was performed using Bayesian meta-regression and spatiotemporal analysis, illustrating the relative importance of each risk factor by bubble plots. From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized incidence rate of T2DM increased (AAPC = 1.83%), with the most pronounced rises in low-middle SDI regions. Mortality slightly increased globally (AAPC = 0.30%) but declined in high-SDI regions. The burden was highest in middle-aged and elderly populations, with a concerning increase in adolescent cases. High body mass index (BMI) was the leading risk factor, estimated to account for 44.5% (95% UI: 19.0%-65.2%) of deaths and 51.9% (95% UI: 24.7%-71.5%) of DALYs in 2021, followed by ambient particulate matter pollution and physical inactivity. The contribution of dietary risks and air pollution varied significantly across SDI regions. Our analysis identifies high BMI, ambient air pollution and physical inactivity as the primary risk drivers of the global T2DM burden. All indicators increased most markedly in low-middle SDI regions, with substantial disparities across age and sex groups. These findings underscore the need for risk-specific and region-tailored preventive strategies.

Rising U.S. mortality associated with coexisting obstructive sleep apnea and obesity, 1999-2019.

Demographic and regional trends in all-cause mortality among adults with coexisting multiple myeloma and cardiovascular disease in the United States, 1999-2023: A CDC WONDER analysis.

Trends in dengue incidence and disease burden in South Asia with special reference to India: Insights from the global burden of disease data, 1990-2021.

Recent increasing interest in hallucinogens has underscored the critical gaps in our understanding of their adverse health effects and healthcare usage over time. The current study aimed to examine changes in emergency department (ED) visit rates involving hallucinogens, clinical outcomes of visits and the characteristics of individuals with ED visits involving hallucinogens. Repeated cross-sectional study using health administrative data. Ontario, Canada. All individuals aged 10 years and older living in Ontario, Canada, from 2008 to 2023 (population of 13 492 974 in 2023). Annual rates of ED visits involving hallucinogens overall and by demographic and clinical subgroups. Linear regression was used to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC) in rates of visits. We identified 7735 individuals with an ED visit involving hallucinogens [median (interquartile range) age at the time of visit, 24 (19-33) years; 71.5% male] who incurred 8274 visits. Visits displayed high acuity, with 54% arriving by ambulance and 13.2% requiring hospitalization. In 42% of visits another substance or co-morbid mental health diagnosis was noted as contributing to the visit. Annual rates of ED visits involving hallucinogens increased by 97.9% between 2008 and 2023 (3.3 to 6.5 visits per 100 000 individuals) with visits increasing on average by 5.6% per year [AAPC = 5.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.9%, 7.3%]. Relative increases between 2008 and 2023 were higher in those aged 25-44 (relative change (RC) 192.5%: AAPC = 8.5%; 95% CI = 6.0, 11.0] compared with other ages (age 45 + RC 125%: AAPC = 5.5%; 95% CI = 3.6, 7.3; age 19-24 RC 75.0%: AAPC = 5.3%; 95% CI = 3.4, 7.3). Visits increased more in individuals with anxiety disorders (RC 247%: AAPC = 7.5%; 95% CI = 5.2%, 9.9%) or prior diagnosis of schizophrenia (RC 401%: AAPC = 12.2; 95% CI = 8.2%, 16.4%) than those without any mental health disorder (RC 85.5%: AAPC = 4.9%; 95% CI = 3.1, 6.7). Comparable changes over time were observed in males (RC 101.1%: AAPC = 4.7; 95% CI = 2.9, 6.5) and females (RC 85.9%: AAPC = 6.0%;95% CI = 4.2, 7.8) and for those in the richest (RC 124.0%:AAPC = 5.7%; 95% CI = 4.6%, 6.9%) or poorest neighbourhoods (RC 70.2%: AAPC = 5.2%; 95% CI = 3.7%, 6.7%). The 97.9% increase in emergency department visits involving hallucinogens in Ontario, Canada, from 2008 to 2023 may reflect rising hallucinogen use and the need for ongoing monitoring, particularly in adults aged 25-44 years and those with co-morbid mental health diagnoses.

Sleep-related infant deaths in the USA have plateaued despite long-standing evidence-based recommendations for safe sleep. Understanding maternal patterns of adherence and associated disparities is critical to improving infant safety. Using nationally representative Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) Phase 8 surveillance data (2016-2022), we estimated adherence to four safe sleep recommendations, examined temporal trends and assessed sociodemographic and behavioural correlates of non-adherence. We analysed 125 931 weighted maternal responses (weighted count: 6 372 445) on infant sleep position, location, surface and bedding. Temporal trends were assessed using log-linear regression and expressed as the average annual percentage change (APC). Disparities were examined using multiple logistic regression, reporting adjusted ORs (AORs) and 95% CIs. Adherence was highest for supine sleep position (79.8%; 95% CI 79.4 to 80.2) and lowest for safe bedding (32.8%; 95% CI 32.4 to 33.2). Significant improvements were observed in adherence to safe bedding (APC=11.5%) and safe sleep surfaces (APC=2.8%). Compared with non-Hispanic white mothers, non-Hispanic black mothers had substantially higher odds of unsafe practices, including non-supine position (AOR 3.4; 95% CI 3.2 to 3.7), infant bed-sharing (AOR 2.4; 95% CI 2.3 to 2.6), unsafe sleep surfaces (AOR 1.5; 95% CI 1.4 to 1.6) and loose bedding (AOR 3.6; 95% CI 3.3 to 3.9). Elevated risks were also seen among Hispanic mothers, Medicaid or uninsured, unmarried, smokers and those not receiving healthcare worker advice. Maternal adherence to safe sleep recommendations remains low, with persistent sociodemographic disparities. These findings highlight the need for stronger integration of safe sleep counselling within antenatal and postpartum care.

Comparative Trends in Statin Utilization and Expenditures in the Public and Private Healthcare Sectors in Malaysia: Insights From the Malaysian Statistics on Medicines, 2004-2022.

The prerequisite for achieving the goal of the World Health Organization to completely eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030 is China's accurate understanding of the current disease burden, thereby providing a basis for formulating and optimizing intervention measures. Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 dataset, we extracted data on acute hepatitis A, B, C, and E in China, including incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and their corresponding age-standardized rates (ASRs). To account for differences in age and sex distributions, we calculated ASRs based on the age-specific data extracted from the GBD 2023 dataset. To further assess temporal patterns across different age groups, we estimated the average annual percent change (AAPC). We applied the autoregressive integrated moving average model to project acute viral hepatitis (AVH) disease burden for 2024-2030. In 2023, there were an estimated 48.7 million incidence cases of AVH in China, including approximately 19.0 million cases of acute hepatitis A (AHA), 19.2 million cases of acute hepatitis B (AHB), 1.35 million cases of acute hepatitis C (AHC), and 9.2 million cases of acute hepatitis E (AHE). From 1990 to 2023, the overall age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) of the four major AVH types in China declined (AAPC = -0.90%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.93 to -0.87%). In the previous decade, divergent trends were observed. The ASIR of AHC increased (AAPC = 1.42%, 95% CI: 1.39-1.46%), AHE remained stable (AAPC = -0.04%, 95% CI: -0.39-0.32%), whereas AHA and AHB decreased. Moreover, the age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates for AVH significantly decreased. Age-specific analysis further revealed an upward trend in standardized incidence among individuals aged 25-29 years (AAPC = 0.14%, 95% CI: 0.10-0.19%). A continued decline in the ASIR of AVH is projected for 2024-2030. In China, the overall burden of AVH has decreased between 1990 and 2023. AHB vaccination among younger populations should be strengthened, and targeted prevention and control strategies should be implemented for those at high risk of AHC, to curb the spread of the disease and reduce the overall burden.

To analyze the trend of the disease burden of lung cancer attributable to diet low in fruits among the Chinese and the global populations from 1990 to 2021, describe the disease burden situation in 2021, and predict the development trend of the disease burden attributable to diet low in fruits over the next 25 years, so as to provide scientific suggestions for the prevention and control of lung cancer. The paper utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021). The joinpoint regression model was employed to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to assess the changing trend of the burden of lung cancer attributable to diet low in fruits. The disease burden of lung cancer attributable to diet low in fruits was predicted for the next 25 years using a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model. From 1990 to 2021, the number of mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of lung cancer attributable to diet low in fruits in China and the global increased significantly, while the age-standardized rates decreased significantly. In China, the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the total population and different gender categories ranged from -4.0 to -2.8. The mortality number of lung cancer attributable to diet low in fruits in China increased with age, reaching a peak at 70-74 years. Similarly, the age-standardized DALY rate paralleled mortality rate trends across genders and age groups. The AAPC in age-standardized mortality and DALY rates were -2.69 and -3.15, respectively. According to the BAPC model prediction results that by 2046, the age-standardized mortality and DALY rates of lung cancer attributable to diet low in fruits in China and the global will decrease by 31.58%, 24.68%, 29.28%, and 24.34%, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the mortality and DALY rates of lung cancer attributable to diet low in fruits in China and the global both decreased. The disease burden of lung cancer attributable to diet low in fruits in male has always been higher than that in female, and the mortality and DALY rates were the highest among the elderly. It is expected that by 2046, the mortality and DALY rates of lung cancer attributable to diet low in fruits will further decrease.

To examine long-term incidence trends of cervical cancer and corpus uteri cancer in Taiwan from 1995 to 2022, with emphasis on age-period-cohort patterns and regional variation. Data from the Taiwan cancer registry were analyzed. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) were calculated using the 1976 World Standard Population. Temporal trends were evaluated using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent changes (APCs) and average annual percent changes (AAPCs). Age-period-cohort modeling was applied to assess net drift, cohort effects, and period effects. Subgroup analyses were conducted by geographic region and urbanization level. Cervical cancer incidence declined markedly, with ASRs decreasing from 20.06 to 6.78 per 100,000 women between 1995 and 2022 (AAPC = -4.43%, 95% CI: -5.39 to -3.45). In contrast, corpus uteri cancer incidence increased substantially, with ASRs rising from 2.91 to 17.42 per 100,000 women (AAPC = 6.32%, 95% CI: 5.86-6.78). Age-period-cohort analysis revealed a negative net drift for cervical cancer (-5.0% per year) and a positive net drift for corpus uteri cancer (6.1% per year). Cohort effects indicated decreasing cervical cancer risk among women born after 1960, whereas corpus uteri cancer risk increased in successive younger cohorts. Period effects showed pronounced declines in cervical cancer incidence after 2000, patterns that are compatible with the implementation of organized screening, while corpus uteri cancer continued to rise. Cervical cancer incidence in Taiwan has declined substantially over the past three decades, a pattern that is compatible with the long-term impact of organized screening programs. In contrast, the increasing burden of corpus uteri cancer may be associated with generational shifts in metabolic and reproductive risk factors.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy frequently complicated by renal impairment, which substantially worsens prognosis. Although therapeutic advances have improved MM survival, renal failure remains a major contributor to adverse outcomes. This study examined long-term trends and demographic disparities in mortality among U.S. decedents with MM listed as the underlying cause of death and renal failure listed as a contributing cause. Mortality data for adults aged ≥ 45years from 1999 to 2023 were obtained from the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database. Deaths were identified using ICD-10 codes, with MM (C90.0) as the underlying cause and renal failure (N17-N19) as a contributing cause. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and crude mortality rates (CMRs) were calculated by sex, race/ethnicity, region, age group, and urbanization level. Temporal trends were evaluated using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Overall mortality declined from 1999 to 2023, with the AAMR decreasing from 2.39 to 1.60 per 100,000 population (AAPC: -1.30). Despite this improvement, substantial disparities persisted. Males consistently exhibited higher AAMRs than females. Non-Hispanic Black individuals had the highest race-specific mortality rates. Residents of nonmetropolitan areas and those living in the Midwest experienced persistently higher mortality. Age-stratified analyses showed declining trends in most age groups, while adults aged ≥ 85years demonstrated a modest recent increase. Mortality among U.S. adults with MM listed as the underlying cause of death and renal failure as a contributing cause declined between 1999 and 2023. However, persistent disparities by sex, race/ethnicity, region, urbanization, and age remain. These findings highlight the need for targeted strategies to reduce the burden of renal complications among high-risk MM populations.

BackgroundSoft tissue and other extraosseous sarcomas (STOES) are rare malignancies originating from mesenchymal tissues, posing a substantial health burden due to their aggressiveness and complex treatment. Understanding the global, regional, and national burden of STOES is crucial for effective prevention, screening, treatment, and resource allocation.MethodsUsing the standardized Global Burden of Disease (GBD) methodology, we calculated STOES incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to derive the burden of disease caused by STOES. Results were presented in numerical counts and age-standardized rates per 100,000 population, with an uncertainty interval (UI) to highlight potential statistical variability. The Joinpoint regression analysis was used to analyze the time trend from 1990 to 2021. The method facilitates the calculation of annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsIn 2021, the global burden of STOES remained substantial with 96,201 incident cases (ASIR: 1.16 per 100,000), 480,473 prevalent cases, 50,203 deaths (ASMR: 0.6 per 100,000), and 1,677,891 DALYs. Males had higher incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates than females. Regional disparities were evident, with high-income regions exhibiting higher incidence and prevalence but lower mortality rates compared to low-income regions. Notably, East Asia and Oceania had the lowest incidence rates, while Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest mortality and DALY rates. A mild downward trend was observed in incidence and prevalence, with more pronounced declines in mortality and DALY rates.ConclusionDespite declining trends, the global burden of STOES remains significant, with notable regional differences. Tailored prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies, along with targeted resource allocation, are crucial. Further research is needed to understand the underlying factors driving these trends and develop effective interventions.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, affecting 11%-13% globally and representing a primary cause of anovulatory infertility, with substantial socioeconomic disparities influencing its worldwide burden. However, data on temporal trends, regional variations, and sociodemographic drivers of PCOS are limited. We aimed to evaluate global, regional, and national PCOS trends from 1990 to 2021 and project future impacts to 2050. In this trend analysis based on the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) study, we report on the prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) rates per 100,000 individuals, as well as average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) for PCOS at the global, regional, and national levels. We analyzed these trends by age, SDI, and reproductive outcomes using age-period-cohort (APC) modelling, decomposition, inequality analysis, and Bayesian projections. From 1990 to 2021, global PCOS prevalent cases increased from 36.65 million to 69.47 million (89.6% rise), with an age-standardised prevalence rate (ASPR) of 1757.8 per 100,000 in 2021 (AAPC 0.81 [95% CI 0.77-0.85]). High-middle SDI regions exhibited the highest burden (ASPR: 5237.6 per 100,000), while low-SDI regions showed the steepest rise (AAPC: 2.22). Infertility accounted for the majority of YLDs, peaking at ages 25-29. Socioeconomic inequalities decreased (Slope Index of Inequality from 28.55 to 22.28). Projections indicate 103.91 million cases by 2050. From 1990 to 2021, global PCOS burden increased substantially, with marked socioeconomic and regional disparities. This underscores the need for enhanced screening, personalised treatments, and targeted interventions in low-SDI regions to promote reproductive health equity.

This study examines temporal changes from 1990 to 2021 in the burden of vertebral fractures (VFs) attributable to motor vehicle road injuries (MVRIs), with a particular focus on age- and sex-specific patterns in China and India. These national trends are compared with global patterns to better understand population distribution characteristics and injury mechanisms underlying this public health challenge. Data were obtained from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Crude rates and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for MVRI-related VFs were estimated. Joinpoint regression was applied to assess temporal trends, while age-period-cohort (APC) modeling was used to disentangle the independent effects of age, calendar period, and birth cohort. From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of MVRI-related VFs declined by 48.8%, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of -1.839% (95% confidence interval [CI], -1.869 to -1.808). In contrast, China showed no significant reduction in ASIR (AAPC = -0.478%, 95% CI, -0.531 to -0.426), whereas India demonstrated minimal variation over the study period (AAPC = -0.013%, 95% CI, -0.054 to 0.028). Regional analyses revealed heterogeneous drivers of disease burden. In China, period effects during 2000-2021 were strongly associated with elevated risk among males aged 20-40 years, likely reflecting hazardous driving behaviors, while cohort effects were most prominent among individuals born between 1980 and 1990. Conversely, individuals older than 60 years experienced an increasing burden, potentially related to osteoporosis and rapid motorization. Across all regions, males consistently exhibited higher ASIRs, age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs), and YLD rates than females, with the greatest sex disparities observed among younger males in China. The persistently high burden of MVRI-related VFs in China, which diverges from declining trends observed in countries with a high sociodemographic index (SDI), highlights the need for targeted prevention strategies. Interventions should prioritize behavioral risk reduction in younger male populations and address age-related biomechanical vulnerability in older adults. In India, strengthening road safety enforcement and trauma care infrastructure remains essential. These findings underscore the heterogeneous demands for road injury prevention in China and India and provide evidence to support more effective allocation of public health resources.

Background: Unintentional poisoning occurs at all ages and races, and remains one of the leading causes of unintentional injury-related fatalities in the USA. However, more recent and comprehensive population-based unintentional poisoning mortality data are lacking in the USA. This study aimed to comprehensively assess trends in USA mortality due to unintentional poisoning from 1999 to 2020, and identify specific causes of death underlying the temporal trends. Methods: We conducted an analysis of death certificates from 1999 to 2020 to calculate annual mortality due to unintentional poisoning by age, sex, race, census region, state, and cause of death. Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate temporal trends in mortality due to unintentional poisoning. Results: There were 813 390 deaths due to unintentional poisoning during 1999–2020. Adults aged 35–49 years, males, American Indian or Alaska Native, and residents of the Northeast had the highest mortality due to unintentional poisoning. The period from 1999 to 2020 witnessed a more than five-fold increase in the age-adjusted mortality rate due to unintentional poisoning from 4.37 to 26.95 per 100 000 people (average annual percent change = 8.96%, 95% confidence interval: 6.92%–11.04%), with rapidly increasing trends for all ages, sexes, races, regions and states. The increasing trends are particularly concerning among adults aged 50–64 years, females, White, and residents of the Midwest. Additionally, we demonstrated that drug poisoning, especially poisoning by narcotics and psychodysleptics, was the leading cause of death from unintentional poisoning, and mortality due to unintentional poisoning by psychotherapeutic drugs had the most rapid rate of increase. Conclusions: USA mortality due to unintentional poisoning increased rapidly from 1999 to 2020 for all ages, sexes, races, census regions, and states. The rapid increase in mortality due to unintentional poisonings is a national emergency, and drug policy measures such as enhancing prescription drug monitoring, restricting the availability of illicit synthetic opioids, and increasing law enforcement efforts are needed to avert further premature deaths and address health disparities.

The global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic imposes a substantial burden. As a high-burden country, China faces a significant gap from the World Health Organization (WHO)'s 2025-2030TB prevention and control targets. This study analyzed the temporal trends of TB epidemiology in mainland China to provide an evidence base for the early achievement of TB control goals. We integrated TB surveillance data (2004-2024) from the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and population data from the National Bureau of Statistics. Joinpoint regression was used to identify trend changes, with the average annual percent change (AAPC) quantifying trend magnitudes. Interrupted time series model was applied to assess intervention effects, and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models were employed to predict future incidence and mortality trends. A total of 19.4854 million cumulative TB cases and 508,000 cumulative deaths were reported during 2004-2024. The incidence rate decreased from 74.644 to 49.888 per 100,000 population (AAPC = -2.83%, P < 0.001), showing a "winter peak and summer trough" pattern-with a 32.7% higher incidence in winter than in summer. The mortality rate first decreased and then increased: it declined immediately after the full coverage of Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course in 2010 but rose to 0.283 per 100,000 population after 2021. Projections indicate that the achievement rate of the WHO incidence target will be only 43.24% by 2025 (target: 31.708 per 100,000 population) and 39.48% by 2030 (target: 12.683 per 100,000 population). The mortality rate is projected to reach 0.333 per 100,000 population by 2030, compared with the target of 0.013 per 100,000 population. Despite notable achievements in TB control in China, significant gaps remain from the WHO's targets. It is imperative to strengthen precision stratification-based prevention and control, establish a TB diagnosis and treatment guarantee mechanism, and implement remote supervision relying on informatization.

Background: Pruritus, arising from causes such as xerosis, allergic disorders, and systemic diseases, is a common symptom that can markedly impair sleep and quality of life. Despite its significant clinical and societal impact, it remains frequently underrecognized. This study aimed to characterize the global burden of pruritus from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on temporal trends and regional disparities, and to project its future trajectory through 2035.Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021 were used to examine pruritus incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by age, sex, region, and country. Temporal trends in age-standardized rates (ASRs) were analyzed using estimated annual percentage change and average annual percent change. Predictions were made using the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort model.Results: In 2021, pruritus caused 80.7 million prevalence cases, 62.5 million incidence cases, 0.9 million YLDs, and 0.9 million DALYs worldwide. The burden increased with age, particularly after 49 years, and was higher in females than in males. Regionally, the highest ASRs were found in middle-sociodemographic index regions and Southeast Asia. From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of pruritus rose significantly, with the most notable increases in East Asia and the Western Pacific. The ASRs for incidence, prevalence, and YLDs are projected to continue rising annually from 2022 to 2035.Conclusion: The global burden of pruritus has increased significantly, emphasizing the need for intensified efforts to address this issue.

Trends and clinical predictors in ovarian preservation in patients with low-risk endometrial cancer.