Availability Of Parking Slots Research Articles

Real-time parking slot availability for Bhavnagar, using statistical block matching approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find a real-time parking location for a four-wheeler. Design/methodology/approach Real-time parking availability using specific infrastructure requires a high cost of installation and maintenance cost, which is not affordable to all urban cities. The authors present statistical block matching algorithm (SBMA) for real-time parking management in small-town cities such as Bhavnagar using an in-built surveillance CCTV system, which is not installed for parking application. In particular, data from a camera situated in a mall was used to detect the parking status of some specific parking places using a region of interest (ROI). The method proposed computes the mean value of the pixels inside the ROI using blocks of different sizes (8 × 10 and 20 × 35), and the values were compared among different frames. When the difference between frames is more significant than a threshold, the process generates “no parking space for that place.” Otherwise, the method yields “parking place available.” Then, this information is used to print a bounding box on the parking places with the color green/red to show the availability of the parking place. Findings The real-time feedback loop (car parking positions) helps the presented model and dynamically refines the parking strategy and parking position to the users. A whole-day experiment/validation is shown in this paper, where the evaluation of the method is performed using pattern recognition metrics for classification: precision, recall and F1 score. Originality/value The authors found real-time parking availability for Himalaya Mall situated in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, for 18th June 2018 video using the SBMA method with accountable computational time for finding parking slots. The limitations of the presented method with future implementation are discussed at the end of this paper.

Smart Parking System with Dynamic Pricing, Edge-Cloud Computing and LoRa.

A rapidly growing number of vehicles in recent years cause long traffic jams and difficulty in the management of traffic in cities. One of the most significant reasons for increased traffic jams on the road is random parking in unauthorized and non-permitted places. In addition, managing of available parking places cannot achieve the expected reduction in traffic congestion related problems due to mismanagement, lack of real-time parking guidance to the drivers, and general ignorance. As the number of roads, highways and related resources has not increased significantly, a rising need for a smart, dynamic and effective parking solution is observed. Accordingly, with the use of multiple sensors, appropriate communication network and advanced processing capabilities of edge and cloud computing, a smart parking system can help manage parking effectively and make it easier for the vehicle owners. In this paper, we propose a multi-layer architecture for smart parking system consisting of multi-parametric parking slot sensor nodes, latest long-range low-power wireless communication technology and Edge-Cloud computation. The proposed system enables dynamic management of parking for large areas while providing useful information to the drivers about available parking locations and related services through near real-time monitoring of vehicles. Furthermore, we propose a dynamic pricing algorithm to yield maximum possible revenue for the parking authority and optimum parking slot availability for the drivers.

Background Subtraction Method based Smart Parking System using Image Processing

Now a day's population is increasing day by day. Due to increase in population usage of vehicles and the traffic at parking lot also increases. For this reason getting a parking spot is very difficult and time consuming for the car drivers. So to reduce this difficulty we are proposing a system called "Baground subtraction method based smart parking system using image processing". This paper is mainly concerned to develop smart parking system on a credit card sized computer and camera is fitted at a parking lot to show availability of a parking place. The image processing can be performed on a Raspberry pi interface with Things view cloud platform through an API to detect cars. Rasperry Pi posts data to the Things view cloud, Showing that the internet of things(IOT) based parking system. Availability of parking slot can be viewed in drivers mobile and they can book the parking slot from their mobile by using an app.

Prototype of RFID-Based Parking Slot Availability Detection System

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-based parking slot detection system is a system designed to make it easier for motorists to find out the availability of parking slots and where empty slots are located in a parking lot. Parking lot detection system is used in buildings that have large, multi-storey parking spaces. In its design, this system uses Arduino Mega, photodiode sensor, RFID tag and RFID reader. Information about the parking slots will be notified through the speaker after the driver uses the RFID card at the entrance portal of the parking lot. Based on the results of tests that have been carried out, it is obtained that the detection system for the availability of RFID based parking slots is able to provide information to motorists about the location of the empty parking slots.

RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI PENCARIAN SLOT PARKIR KOSONG UNTUK KENDARAAN RODA EMPAT DENGAN PENDEKATAN COMPUTER VISION

Parking space is a facility that must be available in public places, both in shopping areas, offices, hospitals and other places. In general, parking lots only provide parking slots to occupy cars without a system that provides information to the driver about the availability of parking slots, often the driver must surround the parking area to determine whether there are still parking slots that can be occupied. Design and build this application using the Computer Vision method, with the help of CCTV cameras. In making this application, the reference object for detection is a four-wheeled vehicle and the detection uses the Structural Similarity Index Measurement (SSIM) method by taking photos of full parking slots and empty parking slots with four-wheeled vehicles. Then two sample photos will be compared with the threshold method. After getting information about the availability of parking slots, the data will be sent to the server which will then be forwarded by the android application in real time. The results of designing this application have several things that are very influential on the level of detection, namely the intensity of light and camera position. Resistance to light changes of at least 50% of the template that has been made, while the distance of the camera to the parking slot is very influential. The farther the camera the smaller the precision produced by the system.

Real-time Location Based Shared Smart Parking System

With the growth in population, traffic congestion and parking have become a serious problem. There is the explosive growth of the per capita amount of vehicles. In this paper, a Location-Based Shared Smart Parking System is proposed to solve the parking problem. This system is designed for both private and public parking areas. This system helps the user to find the nearest possible parking area and gives the information related to the availability of parking slots in that respective parking area. The main focus of this system is to reduce the time for finding the parking slot and also avoids unnecessary travelling through occupied parking slots in a parking area. The proposed system is designed using IoT technology, WSN(IR sensors), QR code and RFID technology. IR sensors are used to detect the presence of the car in the parking slot and QR code is used to authenticate the user in the public parking area, RFID technology is used to authenticate the user in private parking area. The system is expected to reduce traffic problems, fuel consumption which results in reduces carbon footprints in an atmosphere.

Effective Management Of Parking Area

When a car enters the parking area, it takes so much time to find the free slot to park. On the other hand, all the paid parking area owners suffer from handling congestion inside the parking area. They are spending huge amount as a salary for their employees to manage the parking area. So there is huge need for effective management of parking area.So the proposed system describe a method to automate the management of car parking area without manual traffic workers i.e., it discusses a project which presents a miniature model of an automated car parking system that can regulate and manage the number of cars that can be parked in a given space at any given time based on the availability of parking slot. By using the logic which is given in the database the parking space is effectively managed. This proposed system is suitable for implementing in all paid parking areas such as in malls, hospitals, etc.,

Implementation of Smart Vehicle Parking System

In today’s era one of the most common problems which the world is facing is an exponential increase in population. This has indirectly increased a lot of other issues; one of them being the quantity of vehicles on the road. The increased number of vehicles results in shortage of parking areas. This project aims to present an intelligent parking system for vehicles that identifies the parking slot automatically through sensors and displays it without making the drivers to circle around the parking area. The availability of parking slots will be displayed to the drivers at the entrance. It also captures the number plate of vehicles by using camera and recognises the number using image processing and stores it in the server at the entrance and also at the exit of parking area for ease of payment purposes. All the information’s will be simultaneously updated in the IoT server and can be used for future use. It is found that the system decreases the manual work and provides high efficiency and high accuracy.

Autonomous 4WD Smart Car Parallel Self-Parking System by Using Fuzzy Logic Controller

Automatic car parking obtains information about available parking space, process it and then place the car at certain position. It is inevitable for the people to update with the growing technology and generally people are facing problems on parking vehicles in parking slot in a city. The Automatic car parking which enables the user to find the nearest parking area and gives availability of parking slots in that respective parking area with the help of LCD display and it mainly focus on reducing the time in finding the parking slots and also it avoids the unnecessary travelling through filled parking slots in a parking area. Thus, it reduces the fuel consumption which in turn reduces carbon footprints in an atmosphere. Sometimes, it is very difficult to find a suitable parking place in parking lot. This research paper has proposed a suitable solution to this problem.

Online Information of Parking Area Using Ultrasonic Sensor through Wifi Data Acquisition

Nowadays, malls and other public places in the city are facing problem in providing proper and huge parking area for their visitors’ vehicles. Also, the lack of human resource for the parkers makes the visitors difficult to find the available space to park their cars due to the less information they get during finding the parking space. Moreover, those who are seeking the parking space have to drive around the parking area for more than once, which is wasting their time a lot. Therefore, the malls and other public places need the best solution to this problem. The online parking information system is really needed to make the parking system better. This system uses a network sensor consisting of HC-SR04 ultrasonic module to detect the parking slot availability, HC-SR04 which is accessed by Arduino Nano, and the data that is sent to the server uses esp8266 wifi module. Further, the server processes the data and display the information on webpage application as well as desktop applications in the form of the parking area map. This system will show the available space that can be accessed on website and PC with a few second delays and simple wiring system.

E-VPMS 1.0: Enhanced Vehicle Parking Monitoring System

Due to lack of vehicle parking slot in front of Block Q, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (FKEE), UTHM, the enhanced vehicle parking monitoring system (E-VPMS 1.0) is developed to identify parking slots available in the parking area as well as to detect double parking problem. Once this system is implemented, time consume for searching available parking slots as well as double parking problem that may cause unwanted accident can be reduced. In the development of E-VPMS 1.0 system, whole system are designed and developed in three different phases; which are video processing phase, login and registration phase, and webview development phase. In video processing phase, video sources are processed through few video processing function. In login and registration phase, series of webpage function have been created that accessible in both smartphone and laptop. While, in webview development phase, webview function have been developed and through this function, content of E-VPMS 1.0 system can be displayed directly via web browser for both smartphone and laptop. Through E-VPMS 1.0, availability parking slots can be checked by registered user through input recorded video before entering the specific parking area. Other than that, performance analysis in terms of numbers of registered user and parking slot availability at different situations such as during peak event or normal event can be managed and controlled by admin through visualisation data method.

Automated Parking System

Today with the growing number of vehicles in the metropolitan cities, there is high demand for a smart parking management system. When people reach their destination, searching for a parking slot to park their vehicle itself creates lots of traffic congestion in the parking lot/roads taking their precious time. Hence there is a need for a smart parking management system assisting the users with the information about the availability of parking slots at the entrance of the places like malls, organizations etc. they visit for avoiding congestion, irritation and tension. The proposed solution system in this paper tries to resolve this by detecting the available slots for parking in the parking area using IoT technologies and displaying the same on a webpage/display for user’s kind reference. This system also provisions the users to book the free parking slot soon after entering the parking area thus solves the internal congestion inside the parking lot, saves their valuable time and relieves people from tension.

Optimal Site Selection for Electric Vehicles Inductive Charging Station in a Car Park Infrastructure

Objective: Proper site selection of an electric vehicle to transfer the optimal power from grid to vehicle in a car park infrastructure. Analysis: In this sense, Fuzzy Logic Controller is designed in NI based LabVIEW platform. The controller is simulated through the graphical designing software, which has the capability of easy data acquisition, processing, monitoring and controlling. After that the practical application of this software in automobile industry provides a better performance of the respective unit which can reduce the cost and save the time. Findings: In this near future, electric and hybrid electric vehicles will play an important role in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Since these vehicles use electricity as their primary fuel, it provides one of the most anticipating approaches towards the reduction of exhaust gas pollution. It has more or less impact on local or global emission profiles. Inductive charging station is a form of wireless charging workplace which uses electromagnetic field to transfer the energy from charging station to vehicle. This advanced technology needs a proper place alignment to park the vehicle in car park infrastructure. In this study, the most sustainable site selection method for this specific type of charging is investigated in an optimal way. This advanced controller will give a precise place alignment for car parking. The controller will be activated depending on the availability of parking slot. Improvement: For this kind of system, when a large parking area will be considered at that time some intelligent controllers should be designed for constant supply and distribution of power from grid to vehicle in a continuous manner.Keywords: Car Park Infrastructure, Fuzzy Logic Controller, Inductive Charging, LabVIEW, Vehicle

Performance Analysis of Proximity and Light Sensors for Smart Parking

The rapid increase in vehicle population in recent years have given rise to a number of global problems such as air pollution, blockage of roads, waste of fuel and time. These issues exist due to the congestion caused by vehicles while finding the parking slot especially in metropolitan cities. Even today, many of the existing parking systems provide a passive information to the drivers regarding the availability of parking slots. Currently, the sensors deployed for detecting the vehicle presence in parking facilities are not reliable and are expensive. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis on crucial aspects for designing a smart parking system such as sensor selection and optimal position for sensor deployment for accurate detection. Initially, two most common sensor, Light Dependable Resistor (LDR) sensor that works on shadow detection principal and Infra-Red (IR) sensor which works on object detection mechanism are used. The performance analysis of the accuracy for detection of vacant parking slots and vehicle detection under different conditions is presented. It is concluded that IR sensor outperforms LDR sensor in terms of it's accuracy in detecting the vacant parking slots and vehicle detection in different environmental factors.