Availability Management Framework Research Articles

Analysis of the availability of microservice based on the management and orchestration system of containers Kubernetes

The article explores problems of orchestration and executing test of performance to assess the availability of Kubernetes for supervised services. Considerable attention is paid to the sequence of managing exorbitance, on the availability of programs with on microservice architecture and tests have been conducted with the standard settings of Kubernetes and also with the most efficient. The move to a microservices architecture continues now. In this kind of approach the system is separeted to smaller modules which are designed, developed, and scaled separetely to build virtualized function. But, for function suppliers accessibility remains an issue in the transition to deploying microservices. Kubernetes is a solution which has code base an open source, it defines a selection of deployed parts that together gives instruments for building, supporting, scaling, and recovering containerized functions. In this way, Kubernetes hides the complexity of orchestrating microservices to provide management of their approachability. To start with, we estimate Kubernetes usinggeneral configuration in terms of approachability in cloud settings. It is presented architectures for public and private clouds. We are evaluating the availability achieved by the healing power of Kubernetes. A comparative assessment was executed using the Availability Management Framework (AMF), that is a suggested mechanism used in intermediate software for high availability management. The results of the research demonstrate that in some tests, disabling the service for applications managed by Kubernetes is significantly high.

A model-driven approach for the generation of configurations for highly available software systems

High availability of services is an important requirement for mission-critical systems. The Service Availability Forum has defined standards to support the realization of high available systems. Among these standards, the Availability Management Framework (AMF) is perhaps the most important one. AMF is a middleware service that coordinates redundant application components to ensure the high availability of the services. AMF requires a configuration that describes the provided services, their types, and the deployment infrastructure. The process of generating an AMF configuration takes as input the description of the software characteristics as well as the Configuration Requirements that specify the services to be provided. Due to the large number of parameters to be taken into account, the generation of an AMF configuration can be a difficult and error-prone task. This paper proposes a new approach for the automatic generation of AMF configurations. The proposed solution is model-driven and is based on UML profiles which capture the concepts related to Configuration Requirements, software description, and AMF configurations. AMF configurations are generated using ATL-based transformations defined between these different profiles.

Pattern based configuration generation for highly available COTS components based systems

ContextService availability is an important quality factor that distinguishes between providers. High availability is achieved when the service is available at least 99.999% of the time. The Service Availability Forum has defined several middleware services, among them the Availability Management Framework (AMF) aims at ensuring the high availability of services provided by applications under its control. AMF requires a configuration. The design of an AMF configuration is complex and error prone. For improving the quality of such configurations, an automated generation technique has been proposed in the literature. However, this technique may generate several configurations among which some may not meet the required level of availability. Therefore, the generated configurations are evaluated using availability analysis tools to select an appropriate one for deployment. ObjectiveInstead of generating configurations, analyze them and select one that meets the required level of availability if any, we target directly configurations that are estimated to satisfy the required level of availability. MethodWe investigated the different aspects/attributes of an AMF configuration that may affect service recovery when a failure happens to come up with configuration design patterns and integrate them into an enhanced configuration generation technique. ResultsA set of configuration design patterns and two lightweight methods for availability estimation have been defined. These configuration design patterns and analysis methods are embedded into an enhanced configuration generation technique to target only the configurations that are estimated to satisfy the required level of availability or the configuration that is the closest to the required level of availability when it is not possible to meet the requirements. ConclusionWe conclude it is possible to target directly the best configurations in terms of estimated availability using configuration design patterns and estimation methods. The enhanced configuration generation technique is less resource and time consuming than related approaches.

A UML-based domain specific modeling language for service availability management: Design and experience

For critical systems, providing services with minimal interruption is essential. Availability Management Framework (AMF), defined by SA Forum for managing highly-available applications, requires configurations of applications consisting of various entities organized according to AMF-specific rules and constraints. Creating such configurations is difficult due to the numerous constrained entities involved. This paper presents UACL (UML-based AMF Configuration Language) and a supporting implementation that models the AMF domain, providing designers with tools needed to design, edit, and analyze AMF configurations. UACL is an extension of UML through its profiling mechanism and has been designed to represent AMF concepts, their relations, and constraints.

Special Issue Editorial: New technologies of distributed systems

Special Issue Editorial: New technologies of distributed systems

Automatic configuration generation for service high availability with load balancing

SUMMARYThe need for highly available services is ever increasing in various domains ranging from mission‐critical systems to transaction‐based ones such as banking. The Service Availability Forum has defined a set of services and related API specifications to address the growing need of commercial off‐the‐shelf high availability solutions. Among these services, the availability management framework (AMF) is the service responsible for managing the high availability of the application services by coordinating redundant application components deployed on the AMF cluster. To achieve this task, an AMF implementation requires a specific logical view of the organization of the application's services and components, known as an AMF configuration. Developing manually such a configuration is a complex error‐prone task that requires extensive domain knowledge. In this paper, we present an approach for the automatic generation of AMF configurations and alleviate the task of configuration designers. One important aspect of the AMF configuration is ranking the service units, when it is required by the redundancy model, for the assignment of the workload by AMF at runtime. Our approach includes a technique for generating these rankings in such a way that guarantees load balancing even after the occurrence of a failure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Design and Implementation of High Availability OSPF Router

In this paper, we propose a High Availability Open Shortest Path First (HA-OSPF) router which consists of two OSPF router modules, active and standby, to support a high availability network. First, we used the continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) to analyze the steady-state availability of an HA-OSPF router with one active router and N standby routers (1 + N redundancy model). Then, with the failure detection and recovery rate considered, from analytic results, we show that the HA-OSPF router with 1 + 1 redundancy model, one active and one standby, is the preferred model for enhancing router availability. We also show that the carrier-grade HA-OSPF router availability (i.e., five-nine availability) can be achieved under an appropriate combination of the router module failure rate (λ), repair rate (μ), and the failure detection and recovery rate (δ). Since there is a lack of research on the integration of the redundancy model, link state information backup, and failure detection and recovery, we propose a high availability management middleware (HAM middleware) framework to integrate these three elements. The HAM middleware consists of Availability Management Framework (AMF) service, Checkpoint service, and Failure Manager. It supports health check, state information exchange, and failure detection and recovery. Each HA-OSPF router was designed to have a Linux operating system, HAM middleware, and OSPF process. We have implemented the HA-OSPF router on a PC-based system. Experimental results show that the failure detection and recovery times of the proposed PC-based HA-OSPF router were reduced by 98.76% and 91.45% compared to those of an industry standard approach, VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol), for a software failure and a hardware failure, respectively. In addition, we have also implemented the HA-OSPF router on an ATCA (Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture) platform, which can provide an industrial standardized modular architecture for an efficient, flexible, and reliable router design. Based on our ATCA-based platform with 1/δ=217 ms for a software failure and 1/δ=1066 ms for a hardware failure, along with the router module data, 1/λ = 7 years and 1/μ = 4 hours, obtained from Cisco, the availabilities of the proposed ATCA-based HA-OSPF router are 99.99999905% for a software failure and 99.99999867% for a hardware failure. Therefore, the experimental results have shown that both our proposed ATCA-based and PC-based HA-OSPF routers with 1 + 1 redundancy model can easily meet the requirement of carrier-grade availabilities with five-nine.