Automotive Networks Research Articles

A conceptual emotion recognition framework: stress and anger analysis for car accidents

In year 2013, 777,817 out of 22,702,211 of registered vehicles were involved in road traffic crashes, with a damage cost of more than 9.3 billion ringgits in Malaysia. Automotive makers have deployed a wide range of active safety systems (traction control, auto cruise and braking, collision avoidance, and lane switching) in recent years. However, these systems failed to significantly reduce road crash statistics. The automotive network comprises the vehicle, road and driver. Huge effort had been placed on the vehicle and road, whereas the driver remains the feeblest part. Consequently, automotive makers should focus their attention on monitoring drivers' emotion, which influences their driving behaviour. This study aims to explore available technology that monitors driver behaviour, besides proposing accident-stimulating emotion that affects driving. Furthermore, a conceptual framework for recognising anger and stress emotion, which is a cause of road crash, is proposed.

Open source model and simulator for real-time performance analysis of automotive network security

With the increasing interconnection of vehicles, security challenges have moved into focus. Attacks on in-vehicle networks can cause accidents resulting in financial damages and even loss of life. The impact of an attack can be mitigated by secure internal vehicle networks, employing authentication of ECUs and authorization of messages. However, quantifying the real-time performance of additional security measures is difficult due to the high number of nodes and messages. In this paper, we present an open source model and simulator for the evaluation of the real-time performance of automotive networks implementing security measures. Applying parameters from hardware measurements, we evaluate our model and simulator with realistic test cases and a case study. We further present application perspectives on how the open source simulator can be used in different domains for the analysis of automotive network architectures.

Hybrid testbed for simulating in-vehicle automotive networks

This paper presents a novel method of automotive network simulation which is being used in an ongoing research effort to design cost effective, flexible in-vehicle networks suitable for use in multi-camera, high bandwidth environments. The simulation platform uses a hybrid simulation approach, and allows the coexistence of real network traffic streams and simulated network traffic. This approach provides a number of advantages, such as allowing for the injection and extraction of real network streams from a simulated network topology. We present details of the testbed architecture and compare its performance to that of native systems. We also demonstrate that results obtained are in line with those in the literature. Finally, we describe novel experiments and applications made possible using the developed simulation platform and how it can be used in the evaluation and development of automotive video applications.

Evaluating the influence of packet loss on visual quality of perception for high bandwidth automotive networks

This paper presents a new approach for modelling the perceptual quality of automotive video corrupted by packet loss. The model uses both temporal and spatial image statistics to distinguish between salient and non-salient packet loss events and hence derive an objective no-reference video quality metric. A new automotive specific video quality database is presented, consisting of 50 video sequences with associated human saliency data and mean opinion scores. Experiments carried out on this dataset investigate the influence of packet loss impairments on the visual attention of the viewer. The results suggest that packet loss impairments do not significantly alter visual attention. This is an important result, since it suggests that in the context of automotive vision, the visual attention of the driver is more strongly influenced by task related factors such as pedestrian detection, than by low-level sensory cues. The experiments further demonstrate that the proposed quality model correlates closely with human opinion for videos corrupted with network induced packet loss using a hybrid automotive testbed network simulation.

Automotive Networking and Applications [Series Editorial

In this 16th issue of the Automotive Networking and Applications Series, we are pleased to present two articles that address information-centric networking for connected vehicles and network engineering for real-time automotive networks.

Mathematical Modeling of Automotive Supply Chain Networks

The aim of this research is to set up a possible model for describing automotive supply chain networks. The work to be presented analyses the real-world environment and its changes in a broader view. The research provides the extension of the mathematical modeling domain, accordingly. The paper studies the basic relational structure of automotive supply chain, where the methodology is determined by the classical business strategic levels. This is done by combining the theories of network and theories for traffic systems. We uncover the hidden relational parallelism between the automotive supply chain and positive systems, complex networks and find that the industry network shows some similar scale-free structural properties indicating the existence of a typical dependence and dominance structure with complex dynamical behavior.

Improved Automotive CAN Protocol Based on Payload Reduction and Selective Bit Stuffing

In this research paper, the implementation strategies of automotive controller area network protocol are investigated and the short messaging scheme with selective bit stuffing method to improve the effective utilization of its bandwidth has been proposed. There would be a sharp decrease in the performance of traditional CAN protocol because of considerable increase in the number of ECUs (Electronic Control Units) and infotainment gadgets connected in the vehicle architecture. The demand for safety, emission, diagnostics and comfort norms has steeply increased the number of messages in the 250 Kbps CAN network as the computational power of ECUs has gone up. To overcome this problem, the short CAN method has been proposed and the work is benchmarked with SAEJ1939 Heavy commercial vehicle CAN standard. The Matlab Simulink based short CAN has been modeled and the performance of the proposed system has evaluated using virtual instrument cluster. Experimental results have shown that compared to the traditional CAN, the proposed method has reduced the worst case response time of CAN extended frame from 160 μ sec to 144 μ sec. Selective bit stuffing technique has reduced the impact of bit stuffing over the payload and improved the utilization factor for the CAN bus without affecting the CAN message ID properties. The proposed algorithm has been modeled and simulated using CAN Matlab model Simulink and it has been verified using virtual CAN tool and real time CAN bus hardware.

Identifying & Mitigating Cyber Security Threats in Vehicular Technologies

In the past decade, technologies in vehicles have been rapidly advancing creating both a new type of “on the road” entertainment and safer environment while driving. Technologies such as anti-lock brake systems, steering assist, and in some cases autonomous driving, manufactures nearly eliminated the dangers of driving. To maintain the advances in safe technologies, it is vital to establish a strong security system for automotive networks and is crucial to advance the state of the art in automobile security. Motivated by this, one of the main goals of this research paper is to define a threat environment for CAR networks by discussing the existing security vulnerabilities and threats/attacks that an automobile network is currently facing. To address these security challenges, we also present a distributed firewall system to protect a CAR network from both internal and external networks.

A reference model for the timing analysis of heterogeneous automotive networks

The complexity of electronic systems embedded in modern vehicles has led to the adoption of distributed implementations where different communication protocols are used. Although literature addressing vehicular networks presents several methods for the timing analysis of automotive systems, there is not a reference model for the holistic time analysis of heterogeneous systems where FlexRay/CAN protocols are used. In this work we propose a reference model for timing and schedulability analysis of heterogeneous FlexRay/CAN networks. The proposed reference model can be used to compute end-to-end response times and to analyze local components, such as response times in a specific network segment.

The Performance based Evaluation of Models and Routing Protocols for Indian Automotive Networks

The Performance based Evaluation of Models and Routing Protocols for Indian Automotive Networks

Formal timing analysis of CAN-to-Ethernet gateway strategies in automotive networks

Due to increased bandwidth and scalability demands, Ethernet technology is finding its way into recent in-vehicle networks. Tomorrow's heterogeneous networks will feature legacy buses [e.g. controller area network (CAN) or FlexRay] as well as high-speed Ethernet devices, connected by switches and gateways. As Ethernet offers significantly larger frame sizes than CAN, the efficient transmission of CAN data over an Ethernet backbone depends heavily on the way this data is multiplexed into Ethernet frames. This article focuses on the timing impact introduced by various CAN/Ethernet multiplexing strategies at the gateways. We present a formal analysis method to derive upper bounds on end-to-end latencies for complex multiplexing strategies, which is key for the design of safety-critical real-time systems. We capture complex inter-domain signal paths spanning multiple buses, gateways, and switches and show the applicability in a realistic automotive setup.

Benefits; drawbacks and boundaries to deliver JIT

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to carry out case study research to analyse the current situation at a world class vehicle manufacturer (VM), the main case organisation. This paper aims to conclude whether there is scope for further inbound JIT supply focus to the case study organisations within this research.Design/methodology/approach– The data and vision for this paper comes from a literature review and practitioner papers and case studies to survey inbound supply of JIT theory and practice in a UK automotive supply network. Primary data are collected through case study research and site visits.Findings– This paper presents the findings of recent research into a UK automotive industry supply network and identifies the benefits, drawbacks and boundaries of delivering JIT. The sub-element of this paper identifies whether there is scope to make a more focus inbound supply JIT into the main VM case study organisation.Research limitations/implications– This research looks at one network over three tiers of a supply chain. However this research creates a case study hub and looks at whether there is potential to increase the level on inbound and outbound JIT supply to and from the main case organisation.Practical implications– This case study research directly gains primary research form operational supply organisations working in a supply hub network in the UK automotive industry.Social implications– Social implications here allow an improved understanding of efficient JIT and supply chain issues.Originality/value– This research considers the enhanced relationship amongst automotive supply chain members to ensure a clear understanding and position the importance of a JIT; lean and agile approach in practice.

Network Optimization of X-by-Wire System Based on FlexRay Bus

X-by-Wire system is a typical automotive network control system. The control of x-by-wire system depends on communication network (like CAN, TTCAN or FlexRay), it must meet not only the control performance, but also the real-time performance and reliability requirement. Network optimization in x-by-wire system is great significant for achieving these targets. In this paper, first task graph was designed for the x-by-wire system, and different control links were distinguished from the task graph. Then the network optimization algorithm was designed to implement message slot arrangement coordinated with task execution time in the control links, and the principle of the network optimization algorithm design is reducing the control link response time for the best effort. Through a typical car x-by-wire control system, we can see that the network optimization algorithm research has important guidance for the optimization of the system message transmission, and can improve the system's real-time performance.

Local Distance's Neighbouring Quantification

Mobility is one of the basic features that define an ad hoc network, an asset that leaves the field free for the nodes to move. The most important aspect of this kind of network turns into a great disadvantage when it comes to commercial applications, take as an example: the automotive networks that allow communication between a groups of vehicles. The ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol, designed for mobile ad hoc networks, has two main functions. First, it enables route establishment between a source and a destination node by initiating a route discovery process. Second, it maintains the active routes, which means finding alternative routes in a case of a link failure and deleting routes when they are no longer desired. In a highly mobile network those are demanding tasks to be performed efficiently and accurately. In this paper, we focused in the first point to enhance the local decision of each node in the network by the quantification of the mobility of their neighbours. Quantification is made around RSSI algorithm a well known distance estimation method.

The Research of Automotive Network Joint Marketing Strategies and Third-Party Platforms Management

From 2011, the growth rate of China's car market has begun to gradually slow down. The competition in the market has become increasingly competitive and the industry is not limited to the entity, the marketing battle has spread the Internet. A practical significance for competitive advantage was that reasonable car online marketing strategies. In this paper, we analysis the connotation of a joint marketing and production of automotive background, thus put forward specific recommendations for the automotive enterprise networks and joint marketing strategy and management of third-party platform.

Research on Car Reversing Warning System Based on CAN Bus

The paper study the software and hardware principles of ultrasonic ranging reversing radar, design the vehicle reversing radar based on intelligent node of CAN bus, realize data communication and resource sharing with other intelligent nodes of the reversing radar. The experimental results show that, the design can achieve the expected technical indicators design, measurement precision and the reliability is high, which has certain guiding significance in the design of the car reversing radar, has wide application prospect and practical significance in the function of the extended CAN bus communication messages design and automotive CAN network.

Communication in Automotive Networks Illustrated with an Example of Vehicle Stability Program: Part I - Control Area Network

AbstractThe design of DAS (Direct Adaptive Steering) systems has been used in aviation for a long time. A few months ago a Japanese automotive company, Nissan Motor Co, for the first time introduced a steer-by-wire (no mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the front wheels of the car) solution - to the automotive world in their Infiniti Q50 car. This article aims to explain the issues related to controlling the car automation system, in which one of the control parameters is the examined turn of the wheels assigned by the driver (or the DAS system).

Study and Design of CAN/LIN Hybrid Network of Automotive Body

Due to the extensive application of automobile electronic control technologies, the demand of automotive network is growing. Automotive operation data sharing has become a feature of the automotive network. CAN network is most widely applied in the automobiles. LIN network is a supplement for CAN network in practical application. The hybrid network of CAN/LIN can improve the stability of the system, and also reduce network cost without influencing the performance of the network. In this paper, through the study of CAN/LIN hybrid network technologies of automotive body, a system scheme of the automotive body network with CAN/LIN dedicated gateway is proposed.Keyword: CAN Bus; LIN Bus; Bus network technology; CAN/LIN hybrid network

Design and Analysis of CAN Communication Network Applied in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

This paper briefly presents a Parallel Serial Hybrid Electric Vehicle structure combined with NAC institute, constructing a CAN Communication Network of Hybrid Electric Vehicle’s Powertrain and also defining the Communication protocol of the control Network. The Network constructed is tested on bench and prototype vehicle and by using CANstress, CANoe and some other Automotive network development tools, actual test and performance analysis have been conducted. The experiment result illustrates that the control network system arrives a high stable performance and real-time with low bus load and little error frames under high transmission speed and interference environment, and can meet requirement of HEV Powertrain of stability, real-time and accurate control. Besides that, we also constructs a Diagnostic Network, which fulfills the unified diagnostic services (UDS) defined by ISO14229.

The Realistic Mobility Evaluation of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network for Indian Automotive Networks

The Realistic Mobility Evaluation of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network for Indian Automotive Networks