Automatic Timer Research Articles

Integrating Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal in Aquaponics System for Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Production

The adoption of aquaponics systems faces challenges due to the high cost of fish feed, lack of sustainability, and reliance on fishmeal as a primary input. One potential solution to replace fishmeal is the use of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) in aquaponics. The study aimed to explore the effect of substituting fish meals with BSFL meals on the growth performance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in aquaponics. The study employed the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). A total of 135 catfish fingerlings were divided into three groups and stocked in nine water barrels of 100 litres each (filled with 60 litres of water). The fingerlings were fed twice a day for a duration of 56 days after a two-week period of acclimatisation using commercial feed. Water was cycled through the hydroponic media grow bed using an automatic timer, with a 15-minute cycle every hour throughout the day and night. Fish meal was replaced with BSFL meal at three different proportions: 0% (BSFL0), 30% (BSFL30), and 50% (BSFL50). The data collected was analysed using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by Tukey's ad-hoc and Dunn's tests, respectively, utilising JMP 16 software. The results indicated that the fresh leaf weight was significantly influenced by the diet types (p<0.05). However, no significant effect was observed on root weight, total dry weight, number of leaves, or root length (p>0.05). This study suggests that black soldier fly larvae meal can successfully replace up to 50% of fishmeal in aquaponics without compromising lettuce growth performance. Therefore, promoting the use of black soldier fly larvae meal can contribute to the sustainability of lettuce production in aquaponics

Perancangan Timer Otomatis Mesin Lasting pada Proses Assembly Sepatu Sekolah Tomkins di PT. XYZ Menggunakan Metode Reverse Engineering Berdasarkan Analisis Menggunakan Pendekatan DMAI

PT XYZ is a company operating in the footwear industry. To be able to produce quality products, companies determine product CTQ so that a product is said to be a quality product. However, due to various factors, there are still products that do not meet the CTQ or are said to be defective products. To overcome this problem, the method used for analysis is the DMAI (Define, Measure, Analyze, and Improve) approach which is used to identify processes that are problematic and indicated to cause defective products, find out the factors that cause this to happen and find alternative solutions that are most likely to Next, the design and designing of the proposed tools is carried out using the reverse engineering method where the RE method focuses on developing existing products by adapting user needs. The proposed design of the auxiliary tool is an automatic timer that is integrated directly with the lasting machine and is connected to the timer in the lasting machine using a Programmable Logic Controller which will instruct that the gluing time on the front, side and back of the shoe is four seconds each. With the auxiliary tool This design proposal is expected to reduce the percentage of defects so that it does not exceed 1% by reducing the frequency of slanted lasting defects and upper defects (related to upper tears) and can increase the sigma value which is better than the existing condition.

RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTIPE PREPARASI MATERIAL RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING

The manufacturing process in the automotive industry is in dire need of resistance spot welding machines. Because it was easier to use, highly effective, and effective in functioning. However, there were sometimes still connection problems that were still of poor quality, both nuggets and areas that are subject to electrode pressure. To get a quality welding connection, a machine was needed that was able to carry out good material preparation in the form of sanding, able to set the welding current analogously, able to set the time with an automatic timer, able to apply pressure on the electrode measurably during the welding process. The research aimed to design a prototype of resistance spot welding material preparation that could adequately carry out material preparation and welding using a Bluetooth system connected to a mobile phone. The research methods carried out were as follows: first, designing the machine using Autodesk Inventor software, then the device was made with a focus on material preparation prototypes, then the machine elements were made for the material clamping rail, then the machine elements in the control section using Bluetooth connected to the mobile phone, the machine was tested, then the connection quality testing process was carried out on the tensile testing machine. The results showed that the design results had been made using elbows and iron plates with threaded rails with a length of 650 mm, which became material clamping rail grooves with a drive using window motors controlled by Bluetooth on the Arduino circuit. The test results of welded joints show that the roughness is 0.20 μm which has the highest tensile strength.

Design and Implementation of Arduino Based Star Delta Starting, F/R Direction Control and Fault Protection of Three Phase Induction Motor

Three-phase induction motors have varied usage in industrial applications. At 50 Hz the most common reduced voltage starter is Star Delta. The popular applied method to minimize the start current of an induction motor is star to delta conversion. This project is designed to remotely control the starting of the induction motor through the star to delta conversion via mobile message command. The project also enables controlling of the forward and reverses motor direction along with phase fail and overload relay trip monitoring through the mobile communication system. The vital components of this project include a Two-channel relay board, a Magnetic Contactor, an Overload Relay, a Phase fail Relay, Timer Relay, Arduino Uno, and GSM SIM900A. The GSM module connected to the microcontroller sends a start command to the motor and after the system is ready the star to delta conversion happens after a certain time by an automatic timer relay. The user receives the current status of the motor and a call if any fault occurs during operation. This design of remotely Arduino controlled star delta starter, forward/ reverse motor movement, overload, and phase failure protection is safer to be used in factories and industries where the number of induction motors is widely popular.

Microcontroller-based Fertigation Farming Automation System

Fertigation is a technique that combines plant fertigation and irrigation that becomes most used by the commercial farmers as well as home growers. However, fertigation systems required a constant water supply and the exact amount of nutrient that plant needed as it changes depending on their growth. The paper aims to research, create, built, test and implement an automatic mixing fertilizer by implementing Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) monitoring system according to the plant’s nutrient level needed. It is also exploring the potential of optimum water usage by constructing an automatic timer for watering the plants according to the routine schedule. The system used an Arduino UNO R3 as a microcontroller. TDS sensor sense and measure the dissolved solids in a nutrient solution which gives information on the number of nutrients or impurities in TDS value. In an automatic watering system, the pump is running according to the timer set by a microcontroller. The frequency of distribution and the concentration of the solution depends on the weather conditions and the level of the crop. Hot weather requires more amount and frequency of fertilizer but in dilute solution. As such, this system has demonstrated a cost-effective, sustainable, eco-friendly, and safe environment as a result it will produce fresh and healthy plants that can give benefits to living things.

Rancang Bangun Alat Timer Otomatis Pesawat Atwood Berbasis Arduino

This research was motivated by the problem of accuracy measuring the Atwood machine practicum time caused by the time lag when activating and pausing the stopwatch. The purpose of this research is to produce a practical tool for measuring time, namely an Arduino-based automatic timer that is suitable for use in practical activities in the UNIMA physics laboratory. This research is a research and development model of the ADDIE model which consists of several stages of research, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation, finishing of media products. Data collection was carried out by experiment, expert/expert validation. The results of testing the Arduino-based automatic stopwatch tool have a gravity value of 10.095 m/s2 and an error percentage of 2.7% to 3.4% while the validation of material experts and media experts for Atwood aircraft practicum tools and guides using an Arduino-based automatic timer is at criteria 90.4% - 95.2% and the assessment given by a small group is 98.8%. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that tools and guides have been produced for time with valid or appropriate qualifications.s.

Optimization of Antibiotic Prophylaxis Delivery for Pediatric Surgical Procedures.

To optimize prophylactic antibiotic timing and delivery across all surgeries performed at a single large pediatric tertiary care center. A multidisciplinary surgical quality team conducted a quality improvement initiative from July 2015 to December 2019 by using the A3 problem-solving method to identify and evaluate interventions for appropriate antibiotic administration. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of surgical encounters for pediatric patients with appropriate timing of antibiotic administration before surgical incision. Surgical site infection rates was the secondary outcome. Intervention effectiveness was assessed by using statistical process control. A total of 32 192 eligible surgical cases for pediatric patients were completed during the study period. Identified barriers to timely perioperative antibiotic administration included failure to order antibiotics before the surgical date and lack of antibiotic availability in the operating room at the time of administration. Resulting sequential interventions included updating institutional guidelines to reflect procedure-specific antibiotic choices and clarifying timing of administration to optimize pharmacokinetics, creating a hard-stop antibiotic order within electronic health record case requests, optimizing pharmacy and nursing workflow, and implementing an automatic antibiotic prophylaxis timer in the operating room. Administration of prophylactic antibiotics during the recommended preincision time window significantly improved; the correct timing was recorded in 38.6% of preintervention cases versus 94.0% at the conclusion of rollout of the sequential interventions (P < .001). Surgical site infection rates remained stable. Here we demonstrate utility of the A3 problem-solving schematic to successfully optimize prophylactic antibiotic timing and delivery in the surgical setting for pediatric patients by implementing systems-based interventions.

High growth rates of Asian seabass ( Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) fry reared using a demand feeder with an image processing system for detecting fish behaviour

The feeding behaviour and growth rates of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) fry were studied using a new type demand (NTD) feeder. This feeding system was equipped with a programme to detect hunger behaviour in fish and automatically dispense pellets. This system could overcome hierarchy in fish during feeding. Fish rearing experiments were conducted to compare the NTD feeder with infrared light demand (ILD) and automatic timer (AT) feeders. The specific growth rate of body weight (SGRBW) was significantly higher with the use of the NTD feeder than with the ILD or AT feeders. The specific growth rate of total length (SGRTL) and feed conversion ratios (FCR) showed no significant differences among the three types of feeders. Fish feeding behaviour experiments were conducted, and the feeding frequencies were compared. The average feeding frequency and feeding amount per day by the NTD feeder were significantly higher than those by the ILD feeder. In the NTD feeder, seabass ate small amounts of pellets with high frequencies at each feeding time. Therefore, high frequency feeding could be one of the reasons for the high growth rates of fish fed using the NTD feeder.

Automatic Timer Stove Module with Atmega 32p-PU and LPG Valve with OLED

Automatic Timer Stove Module with Atmega 32p-PU and LPG Valve with OLED

Automatic Timer Based Corporation Water Supply with GSM Alert and Algae Prevention System

Water is being a basic necessity for the existence of life on this planet. In the existing system, water management system exists with a supply of water from panchayat to a group of people or village in a particular time period which is unknown and therefore it may cause a discomfort for the people to get water if they are unavailable at that time. In the proposed system, it aims to develop a water management system in which an automatic GSM alert is used to intimate the time of supply of water to a particular region priory and also an ultrasonic algae prevention system is attached with it the main tank to prevent the algae formation. In the part of automatic GSM alert, the water supply will be notified to an individual through their mobile which makes them aware of time of supply and avoids the limitations of the existing system. Ultrasonic algae prevention system is based on the proven fact that ultrasonic braves prevents the formation of molecules from an atom which is the major reason for the algae formation in tank so that ultrasonic sensor is used to pass waves at regular intervals to avoid formation of algae in the water tank

Ideal Cardiovascular Health Is Associated With Slowness Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Slowness is associated with increased disability and mortality in older people. However, the relation between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and slowness in community-dwelling older adults is uncertain. We examined the prevalence of ideal CVH in Korean older adults and its association with slowness in community-dwelling older adults. We analyzed 2,597 participants (mean age 76.0±3.9 years, 54.4% women) without cardiovascular disease from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The usual gait speed over a distance of 4 m was measured using an automatic timer, and slowness was defined as a speed <1.0 m/s. Ideal CVH was described as attainment of ideal health behaviors (no smoking, regular physical activity, ideal body mass index, and healthy diet) and optimal health factors (blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between the CVH score and slowness. Ideal CVH was present in 785(30.2%) subjects. Considering those with poor level of CVH were as the reference group, the odds ratios [OR] for slowness were 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.77) for those with intermediate level of CVH, and 0.28 (95% CI, 0.17-0.45) for those with ideal level of CVH after adjustment for potential confounders. Among ideal CVH components, behavioral CVH score (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.58-0.74) was significantly associated with slowness vs. the biological CVH score (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.84-1.07). This study indicates that ideal CVH is significantly associated with a lower risk of slowness in community-dwelling older adults. A better CVH may help prevent slowness.

Smart Electric Heating Device

This proposes a Novel Automatic Timer Smart Water Heating Rod. This will be an Energy-Efficient Heating rod, which will be switched off automatically with the help of Timer (Arduino based). It will automatically cut-off supply, as soon as specified time is attained. All process show in Liquid Crystal Display, first set time value how much time you will need for boiling water after set time setting press push button to start device, start time after complete time value Relay automatic Cut-Off Secondly, it will avoid over hearting as well as burning of heating Rod (Due to Heat Losses), which sometimes leads to short-circuiting as well as unsafe for the User (operator)

624 Car Seat Heater Burns: A Case Report Intended to Raise Awareness

Abstract Introduction Today it is estimated that approximately 30–40% of the cars in U.S have seat warmers, with the demand increasing. Unfortunately, these seat warmers do not have any established guideline of safety, leading some warmers to stay on for extended periods of time and reach temperatures that far exceed the human skin tolerance levels. Magunia et al. first described a patient with full-thickness burns in 2003, however in the time since this publishing, minimal factory standards have been instituted. We report a unique case of a neurologically impaired patient who suffered posterior thigh full-thickness burns secondary to a car seat heater. A delay in her treatment led to the need for surgical intervention. We also tested car models 2014 and newer to establish whether modern cars still present a danger to vulnerable populations. Methods Testing of 10 cars, models 2014 or newer, with a contact surface temperature thermometer independently calibrated. Testing in 21°C ambient air. Four tests, average and highest temperature both recorded. Results Maximum seat temperatures range from 35°C - 53°C. Average seat temperatures range from 34°C - 49°C. Conclusions This case illustrates the dangers and risks presented with car seat heaters. Cases such as this, still happening after the voluntary NHTSA mandate, emphasize the need for heightened physician awareness and mandatory factory standards. In agreement with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) statement, under no circumstances should a seat heater top 43°C. We tested 10 cars and found 7 of these cars exceeded the 43°C. In addition, all seat heaters should include self-timers. In our unique case, the patient had no awareness the seat heater was on, suggesting the need for a clearer alert on the dashboard. Health-care providers should also help educate patients about the potential dangers of seat warmers, especially in vulnerable populations. Applicability of Research to Practice This research highlights the potential dangers car seat heaters present to consumers. Mounting evidence, including lawsuit and case reports, show car seat heaters far exceed voluntary standards set by NHTSA. These temperatures put patrons at increased risk of life-altering burns. Furthermore, these are not “faulty” heaters, these heaters are functioning as the manufacturers fabricated them. We also report seat heaters have not followed suggestions outlined by Manguina et al in 2003, such as dash alerts, automatic turn off timer, and other safety features. The first step is raising awareness to healthcare workers so proper warnings can be made to patients, especially those who are neurologically impaired.

Comparison of the use of a manual stopwatch and an automatic instrument for measuring 4-m gait speed at the usual walking pace with different starting protocols in older adults.

This study compared manual stopwatch-based and automatic instrument-based measurements for gait speed (GS) obtained from the individual's usual walking pace using a 4-m walking test with different starting protocols in healthy older adults. One hundred fifty-three healthy older adults aged ≥ 65years (57 men, 96 women) participated. GS was measured using both a stopwatch and automatic timer with or without 2-m acceleration and deceleration phases. In the GS measurement using the stopwatch, the first tester stood in the middle of the timing zone (MS1) while the second walked beside the participants from the beginning line to the ending line (MS2). In the manual method, MS1 and MS2 showed similar GS for both standing and moving starts. There was no significant difference in GS measured between with the manual stopwatch and with the automatic timer in standing start. However, in the moving start protocol, GS measured with the manual stopwatch was significantly faster, by 0.05m/s in MS1 (p < 0.001) and 0.04m/s in MS2 (p < 0.001) compared to the timed GS with the automatic timer. GS measured manually using a moving start was significantly faster than that measured manually using a standing start (MS1, 0.06m/s, 5.0%, p < 0.001; MS2, 0.08m/s, 6.8%, p < 0.001); however, there was no difference between the start protocols when automatic measurements were performed (p = 0.135). The starting protocol (starting and moving start) affected the usual 4-m GS when measured using a manual stopwatch. Therefore, we suggest that careful evaluation to measure GS for functional assessment of older adults using the moving start with a manual stopwatch.

Combinations of gait speed testing protocols (automatic vs manual timer, dynamic vs static start) can significantly influence the prevalence of slowness: Results from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study

AimThis study aimed to compare 4-m usual gait speed obtained with different protocols and to determine the prevalence of slowness using different diagnostic criteria in a large cohort of community-dwelling older adults. MethodsA total of 1177 non-disabled community-dwelling older adults aged 70–84 years were assessed for 4-m usual gait speed using four different testing protocols: (1) automatic timer (ultrasonic sensor), dynamic start; (2) manual timer (stopwatch), dynamic start; (3) automatic timer, static start; and (4) manual timer, static start. To assess agreement between usual gait speed and the testing protocols, linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses were performed. ResultsThere was systematic bias (i.e., difference between automatic timer and manual timer methods), with underestimation of usual gait speed (bias 0.0695 m/s for dynamic start; bias 0.0702 m/s for static start) by the manual timer. There was systematic bias in start conditions, with underestimation of usual gait speed with a static start using both timer methods, compared with that in dynamic start assessment (P < 0.001). The prevalence of slowness ranged from 2.3 to 4.7% in men and 5.9–11.1% in women for <0.80 m/s, and from 17.1 to 30.5% in men and 26.3–45.9% in women for <1.00 m/s. ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicated that 4-m usual gait speed measured under different testing protocols was able to determine different prevalence rates of slowness among non-disabled community-dwelling older adults. An automatic timer may be useful for measuring gait speed changes in individuals likely to have faster gait speed in community-based research settings.

Effect of RACH Procedure on the Performance of LTE-based M2M Communication

paper, the parameters of the Random Access Channel (RACH) of LTE/ LTE-A based M2M communication under congestion situation are investigated. These parameters include the effect of the Backoff Indicator (BI), Hybrid Automatic Repeat-reQuest (HARQ) and contention resolution timer (CRT) on the Performance of LTE-based M2M Communication. The results indicate that the parameters of the RACH procedure have an impact on the network's performance, such as delay and packets dropped.

Effects of Irrigation Frequencies on Aerial Agro-Morphological Parameters Of Dioscorea Hispida Dennst. (Dioscoreaceae)

Effects of irrigation were studied in Dioscorea hispida Dennst. (Ubi gadong) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, by quantifying selected agro-morphological parameters under various irrigation frequencies. The automatic timer attached to the power supply was used as a controller, while the pump was controlled by this timer in accordance to the frequencies which had been setup as: 1) watering at everyday in a week (T2); 2) watering at two day interval in a week (T3); 3) watering at five day interval in a week (T4); and 4) watering at six day interval in a week (T5). The control treatment for the frequency of water supplied was 5) watering at one day interval (T1). The ANOVA statistical test between collection time data on effect of irrigation to treatment showed significant differences at D4 (final growth period) for plant height, petiole formation, number of leaf and number of branch; where the P-values were recorded at 0.001, 0.004, 0.005 and 0.010, respectively. All parameters showed an increasing pattern from D0 until D4. The results also indicated that T2 had the highest of all agro-morphological growth parameters, except the number of branch, at mean ± standard error of 389.80 ± 22.47 cm, 46.40 ± 7.80, 139.20 ± 23.40,0.76 ± 0.07 cm and 3.80 ± 1.32 for plant height, petiole formation, number of leaf, stem thickness and number of stem, respectively. T2 showed no significant difference between T1 and T3 for all parameters. Therefore, it was revealed that D. hispida can grow well when grown using irrigation frequency of not more than three day watering interval. This technology will enable water and labor cost saving in commercialized propagation of this plant.

The effect of continuous low-intensity laser irradiation of the red spectrum on the changes in the functional activity and speed of NADPH-oxidase response of human peripheral blood neutrophils

Registration of the changes in the functional metabolic status of neutrophils under the influence of low-intensity laser radiation (LILR) can be useful for the choice of the exposure parameters in the studies designed to evaluate immunotropic effects. Such investigations, in their turn, are very promising in clinical terms since their results can be used to optimize the laser therapy techniques. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the degranulation potential of neutrophils and the intensity of their NADPH-oxidase reaction in response to the exposure to laser radiation as exemplified by the release of lysosomal granules in vitro. The source of radiation was the LASMIK device operated in the continuous mode at the following parameters: wavelength 635 nm, power density 0.12 mW/cm2, exposure time 10, 30, 90, 120, 150 s in the case of the automatic timer control and 100 s in the case of manual shutdown. It was shown that the maximum lysosomal activity and release of lysosomal granules took place at a 90-10 s exposure and a wavelength of 635 nm with the appearance of a plateau within 120 and 150 s after the onset of irradiation. In the case of a shorter exposure of neutrophil granulocytes to LILR (10 and 30 s) no pronounced effect was observed. It means that low-intensity laser radiation of the red spectrum with a wavelength of 635 nm is a physical stimulus reinforcing exocytosis of lysosomal granules by neutrophils in vitro. The reliable changes of NADPH-oxidase activity of neutrophil granulocytes isolated from donor peripheral blood are recorded at an optimum exposure time of 90-100 s. It is concluded that the laser therapy techniques, at least those designed to regulate neutrophils should be applied with the optimum exposure time of 90-100 s.

APPLICABILITY OF A NEW DRIVING TRAINING PROTOCOL FOR POST-STROKE CLIENTS

Background - Very little is known about driving training techniques for post-stroke clients and there is a need to regroup the most efficient and feasible techniques to improve this important aspect of rehabilitation. Survey’s results and a literature review recently highlighted the relevance of creating a new driving training protocol for subjects with stroke and cognitive limitations. The objectives of this research article are to present the development of a new driving protocol and show its applicability was tested in clinical context. Methods - The 1st research design was a content validation to ensure the choice of the driving training methods and the elaboration of the training protocol in 9 levels. A pilot was done to pre-test its applicability (2nd research design). The setting of the research was in a Driving rehabilitation program in a rehab center. The participants involved were occupational therapist specialists (n=5) and post-stroke clients (n=5). On road re-evaluation was used, as well as off-road evaluations before and after the training protocol: Motor Free Visual Test, Trail Making Test, Useful Field Of View, Bells Test and Automatic Brake Reaction Timer. Results - Adapted commentary driving and on-road training were perceived as being the most effective training methods. The protocol was feasible: training was completed in one month with 100% of participation. Three to seven training sessions (one hour) were needed to complete the 6 levels of adapted commentary driving and, to achieve the last 3 levels of the protocol, 4 behind-the-wheel training sessions were done. Conclusion - This clinical protocol gives a better tool to rehabilitation specialists to train their post-stroke clients having cognitive limitations considering the specific and complex demands of the activity of driving.

Design and development of a low-cost solar powered drip irrigation system using Systems Modeling Language

High capital costs are the primary barrier that limits the wide spread deployment of solar-powered water pumping systems, which increase energy and water efficiency compared to conventional irrigation methods. To increase the effectiveness of investments in solar-powered water pumping systems, it is necessary to sustain the-long term performance of these systems, and solutions to decrease the overall costs should be developed. In this paper, a simple but efficient, low-cost solar-powered water pumping system, which provides the necessary pressurised water to a drip irrigation system, is developed. The results from theoretical and field studies of photovoltaic panels and other components, the modelling techniques of the overall system and its components using Systems Modeling Language, are presented. The project demonstration site covers an area that is one thousand square meters comprising more than 100 trees. The site is irrigated with an automatic timer 2 h a day in the morning from June to October, which makes it possible to utilise a direct-coupled solar-powered water pumping system with a battery buffer configuration (including a maximum power point tracker). The function of the solar panels is to charge the batteries throughout the day when sunlight is available, and the power for the pump is subsequently provided by the batteries, which furnish constant voltage and enable the pump to perform at the optimum operating point. Utilisation of a battery-buffered solar-powered water pumping system instead of a commonly used direct-coupled system without batteries provides better performance because its output flow rate is not dependent on atmospheric conditions. The result is a less costly system compared to the direct-coupled solar-powered drip irrigation system, reducing the total cost of the solar-powered system by 63% and performing better overall. The cost reduction and better performance of the proposed system in this study, can boost the use of solar-powered irrigation systems in the market. Furthermore, using Systems Modeling Language to model the stated solar-powered water pumping system helps to simplify the design and implementation process by considering all inner and outer interactions and standardising the representation of a system that is expected to contribute to further studies.