Automatic Height Research Articles

The Construction and Application of a Digital Coal Seam for Shearer Autonomous Navigation Cutting.

Accurately obtaining the geological characteristic digital model of a coal seam and surrounding rock in front of a fully mechanized mining face is one of the key technologies for automatic and continuous coal mining operation to realize an intelligent unmanned working face. The research on how to establish accurate and reliable coal seam digital models is a hot topic and technical bottleneck in the field of intelligent coal mining. This paper puts forward a construction method and dynamic update mechanism for a digital model of coal seam autonomous cutting by a coal mining machine, and verifies its effectiveness in experiments. Based on the interpolation model of drilling data, a fine coal seam digital model was established according to the results of geological statistical inversion, which overcomes the shortcomings of an insufficient lateral resolution of lithology and physical properties in a traditional geological model and can accurately depict the distribution trend of coal seams. By utilizing the numerical derivation of surrounding rock mining and geological SLAM advanced exploration, the coal seam digital model was modified to achieve a dynamic updating and optimization of the model, providing an accurate geological information guarantee for intelligent unmanned coal mining. Based on the model, it is possible to obtain the boundary and inclination information of the coal seam profile, and provide strategies for adjusting the height of the coal mining machine drum at the current position, achieving precise control of the automatic height adjustment of the coal mining machine.

Interactive reverse engineering of CAD models

Reverse engineering Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models based on the original geometry is a valuable and challenging research problem that has numerous applications across various tasks. However, previous approaches have often relied on excessive manual interaction, leading to limitations in reconstruction speed. To mitigate this issue, in this study, we approach the reconstruction of a CAD model by sequentially constructing geometric primitives (such as vertices, edges, loops, and faces) and performing Boolean operations on the generated CAD modules. We address the complex reconstruction problem in four main steps. Firstly, we use a plane to cut the input mesh model and attain a loop cutting line, ensuring accurate normals. Secondly, the cutting line is automatically fitted to edges using primitive information and connected to form a primitive loop. This eliminates the need for time-consuming manual selection of each endpoint and significantly accelerates the reconstruction process. Subsequently, we construct the loop of primitives as a chunked CAD model through a series of CAD procedural operations, including extruding, lofting, revolving, and sweeping. Our approach incorporates an automatic height detection mechanism to minimize errors that may arise from manual designation of the extrusion height. Finally, by merging Boolean operations, these CAD models are assembled together to closely approximate the target geometry. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of our algorithm using a diverse range of CAD models from both the Thingi10K dataset and real-world scans. The results validate that our method consistently delivers accurate, efficient, and robust reconstruction outcomes while minimizing the need for manual interactions. Furthermore, our approach demonstrates superior performance compared to competing methods, especially when applied to intricate geometries.

Automatic height measurement of central serous chorioretinopathy lesion using a deep learning and adaptive gradient threshold based cascading strategy

Accurately quantifying the height of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) lesion is of great significance for assisting ophthalmologists in diagnosing CSCR and evaluating treatment efficacy. The manual measurement results dominated by single optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scan image in clinical practice face the dilemma of weak reference, poor reproducibility, and experience dependence. In this context, this paper constructs two schemes: Scheme Ⅰ draws on the idea of ensemble learning, namely, integrating multiple models for locating starting key point in the height direction of lesion in the inference stage, which appropriately improves the performance of a single model. Scheme Ⅱ designs an adaptive gradient threshold (AGT) technique, followed by the construction of cascading strategy, which involves preliminary location of starting key point through deep learning, and then employs AGT for precise adjustment. This strategy not only achieves effective location for starting key point, but also significantly reduces the large appetite of deep learning model for training samples. Subsequently, AGT continues to play a crucial role in locating the terminal key point in the height direction of lesion, further demonstrating its feasibility and effectiveness. Quantitative and qualitative key point location experiments in the height direction of lesion on 1152 samples, as well as the final height measurement display, consistently conveys the superiority of the constructed schemes, especially the cascading strategy, expanding another potential tool for the comprehensive analysis of CSCR.

Application of the OpenCV Library in Indoor Hydroponic Plantations for Automatic Height Assessment of Plants

This paper presents a method for automatic plants’ height measurements in indoor hydroponic plantations by using the OpenCV library and the Python programming language. Using the elaborated algorithm and Raspberry Pi driven system with an external camera, the growth process of multiple pak choi cabbages (Brassica rapa L. subsp. Chinensis) was observed. The main aim and novelty of the presented algorithm was to observe the plants’ height in hydroponic stations, where the reflective foil is used, to extract the plants’ growth rate as a parameter. Basing on the pictures of the hydroponic plantation, the bases of the plants, reflections, and plants themselves were separated. Finally, the algorithm was used for plants’ height estimation. The achieved results were then compared to the results obtained manually. The algorithm will be used in future research for plants’ growth optimization.

Development of Automatic Level Track and Height Adjustable Stretcher for Hospital Application: A Prototype Approach

This paper is related to development of automatic level track and height adjustable stretcher for hospital application by prototype approach. In India mobility aids are useful for patients for transportation and a replacement for walking especially in indoor and outdoor environment. Stretchers are the most commonly used medical equipment for the transportation of patients. Transferring the patients from stretcher or to the medical bed is always an issue for the attendant or nurse during climbing inclined surface. Understanding the various issues regarding the mobility equipment and introducing a better design will be an asset for the medical field and a helping hand for disabled individuals moving on inclined surface. There is a need for a level adjusting stretcher to facilitate the disabled patient’s mobility and to provide novel medical equipment for use in the Indian hospitals. Adopting various kinds of research methods helped to obtain more information about hospital mobility aids and for data collection. It has been observed that every year the numbers of disabled individuals are increasing by different kinds of accidents. The presently old stretcher designed is not meeting the user’s need. From the identified need, new features like level adjustable stretcher which can be introduced.

Ground surface detection method using ground penetrating radar signal for sugarcane harvester base-cutter control

Sugarcane harvesters, which can automatically adjust the base-cutter height according to the topography, have attracted increasing interest. Existing ground probing approaches mainly rely on contact machineries, which exhibit slow responses and damage sugarcane plants. This paper presents a rapid and non-contact terrain sensing method using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to realise the automatic height control of the base-cutter. In this study, a 1.6-GHz air-coupled GPR antenna was first mounted on a knockdown roller to measure the vertical distance between the ground and the antenna. The geographic relationship between the detection height and cutter cylinder length was established, based on which the base-cutter height was adjusted by changing the cylinder length. The obtained GPR signal was analysed to locate the ground surface. Post-process techniques were used to enhance the GPR signal contrast between the air and ground layer. To evaluate the penetrating ability and accuracy of the GPR method, sugarcane stalks were densely placed on the soil surface to mimic the extreme conditions of sugarcane fields. The influences of the height/depth of respective highlands/potholes, slope of the ground, and the moisture content of the soil on the GPR imaging were systematically investigated. The numerical and laboratory results confirmed the high accuracy of the proposed GPR method. Hence, a field experiment was conducted, and the soil surface was clearly visualised by GPR imaging. This study demonstrates the significant potential of the GPR-based method for the detection of a sugarcane field surface, which verifies its feasibility for use in manufactured automatic sugarcane harvesters. • A ground penetrating radar (GPR) was proposed to sense sugarcane terrain. • Simulation and lab experiments were used to investigate the GPR penetration ability. • The GPR can clearly visualise the ground layer, even when covered with stalks. • A 1.6-GHz GPR antenna achieved high ground detection accuracy in a field survey.

PEMBUATAN ALAT PENGUKUR TINGGI BADAN OTOMATIS BERBASIS ARDUINO

The facilities used by Posyandu cadres in weighing and measuring the height of children under five are not sufficient, because apart from that, they are not feasible nor are they calibrated accurately. Especially for measuring the height of toddlers, so far the posyandu generally still use the manual method, Based on this background, a digital height measuring device was designed in order to refer to the mission of the Unisma Bekasi Faculty of Engineering in an effort to increase the quantity and quality of community service (PPM) in the field of applied technology (appropriate technology), so this program was implemented. The PPM partners targeted for this program are Posyandu Kemuning cadres, Jatirasa Village, Jatiasih District, Bekasi City. The results of the design of this tool complete the automatic height measurement which is quite satisfactory at the Kemuning Posyandu, Jatirasa Village, Jatiasih District, Bekasi City. Development of a baby height and body mass measurement tool based on the ATmega 8535 microcontroller by utilizing a phototransistor sensor.

Automatic Height and Weight Measurement Integrated Database System

Measurement of height and weight, it is needed especially for school age 5-15 years old. From the results of monitoring height and weight measurements, we can monitor whether the child is underweight or overweight and obese. We can also monitor the growth of elementary school age children. The problem faced is that monitoring the growth of children in schools cannot be carried out effectively. This is because the process of measuring children's height and weight is done manually and of course it takes time for the process, besides that, data on student height and weight are also recorded still manually, so that data processing and utilization is not optimal. The purpose of making this Automatic Height and Weight Measurement Integrated Database System to process of measuring height and weight can be done effectively and efficiently, so it can produce integrated information in Database. The existence of an integrated database will make it easier for related parties to recap and archive children's data and store history of children's growth as material for evaluating and monitoring child growth. The results of this evaluation can be used as a reference for follow-up to be conducted. The resulting output is information in the form of tables and graphs of children's growth. In this research using the prototyping method which aims to get an overview of the tool to be designed and built, then it will be evaluated by the user. The evaluated prototype will be used as a reference to make a tool as the final product as the output of this research.

Deep learning based automatic vertical height adjustment of incorrectly fastened seat belts for driver and passenger safety in fleet vehicles

The recognition of incorrect fastening of seat belts is significant in passenger and driver safety for the automotive industry and public health. It should be made sure that the passenger’s seat belt is not only fastened but also correctly fastened across the body so that the passenger is adequately protected in the event of an accident. Current technology employs the buckle effect sensor, which merely solves the buckling detection problem, but there is no reliable solution for the correct positioning of the seat belt. Additionally, computer vision-based systems are still incapable of recognizing the incorrect positioning of seat belts when the training is performed by employing the subjects out of the fleet. Considering this fact, in this study, we propose a novel solution that employs a vision-based incorrect fastening seat belt detector to perform automatic vertical height adjustment independent from drivers and passengers for the fleet vehicles. We recognize the incorrect positioning of the seat belt inside the car by the acceptable distance of the seat belt from the neck of drivers or passengers to avoid neck injuries and the deaths caused by neck cuts. An extensive benchmarking is performed by comparing the three CNN architectures such as; DenseNet121, GoogLeNet (Inception-v3), ResNet50 with respect to sensitivity, specificity, precision, false-positive rate, false-negative rate, F1 score, and accuracy. Additionally, training and validation loss curves and accuracy curves are plotted for all the models. Later, the three models are evaluated with a precision-recall (PR) curve at the end. According to the results, the DenseNet121 achieved the highest classification accuracy among the tested models with 99.95%. This paper includes information about the proposed system elements, registration of data, elaboration of data, program algorithm, testing the system in the lab, and on the vehicle.

Sliding-mode control for coal shearer drum height adjustment based on variable speed reaching law

Aiming at the shortcomings of the automatic height control of the existing coal shearer drum, the control strategy of the coal shearer drums height adjustment sliding mode based on the variable speed reach law is proposed. Firstly, the mathematical model of the coal shearer height-adjusting cylinder is established, and the sliding mode switching function and its derivative including the deviation variable are derived. The exponential approaching law sliding mode controller is designed. Secondly, the hydraulic simulation of the drum height is established. The model compares and analyzes the control effects of traditional PID control and exponential approach law sliding mode control. The results show that the exponential approach law sliding mode control is superior to PID control in signal tracking dynamic response and steady state error; when the coal shearer is under load, the height of the drum under control of the exponential approaching law is basically unaffected; finally, the method of shifting the approaching law of dynamically adjusting the arrival speed by the fuzzy parameter optimization strategy is used to adjust the drum height. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional control method, the coal shearer control mode of the coal shearer drum based on the variable speed reach law not only ensures faster response speed and higher control precision, but also effectively reduces system chattering. Improve the reliability of the coal shearer cutting drive system.

Ultrasonic imaging recognition of coal-rock interface based on the improved variational mode decomposition

Extracting effective ultrasonic echo signals in multilayered media is the key technology for detection of coal-rock interface, which is the basis of automatic height adjustment of the shearer drums during automatic coal mining. However, it is tough to recognize echo signals of coal-rock interface efficiently and accurately through common signal processing methods such as Fourier Transform (FT), Wavelet Transform (WT) and Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Therefore, an improved Empirical Variational Mode Decomposition (EVMD) method for ultrasonic echo signal processing is proposed in this paper. Firstly, EVMD is used to preprocess the received echoes of coal-rock interface. Secondly, the optimization iterative method of weight coefficient is introduced to fit part of distorted echo envelope with asymmetric Gaussian model, which can effectively reduce the calculation error. Finally, peak focusing imaging technique is used to image the processed envelopes. The experimental results show that the proposed method can recognize the coal-rock interface efficiently.

Shearer Height Adjustment Based on Mechanical-Electrical-Hydraulic Cosimulation

The automatic height adjustment of a shearer cutting drum is a key technology for shearer automation. However, a fundamental and important requirement for underground electronic products is explosion-proof rating, which creates great challenges to the research on the control method of the shearer height adjustment system. To address this problem, a novel shearer height adjustment control method was proposed based on basic fuzzy control, and the feasibility of the height adjustment method was studied with the help of multisoftware cosimulation technology. First, the drum cutting coal model was established using Finite Element Method (FEM) software LS-DYNA, the mechanical model of the gear transmission system model and the height adjustment system were constructed with the multibody dynamics software ADAMS, the hydraulic height adjusting system model was constructed with AMESim, and a fuzzy controller for shearer height adjustment was developed in Simulink. Then, the data conversion interface between the mentioned models was constructed using MATLAB, to obtain the cosimulation model for the shearer automatic height adjustment. Finally, with the help of fuzzy control method, the feasibility of the cosimulation model used in the adaptive control method of the shearer drum height adjustment was verified. The results show that the cosimulation model can adequately describe the height adjustment process of a shearer, which lays a foundation for the optimization of adaptive height adjustment method. At the same time, the proposed model is also applicable for studying the dynamic characteristics of the mechanical-electrical-hydraulic coordination in the process of shearer adaptive height adjustment.

Design of Digital Height Measurement Based Microcontroller AT89C51

Height measuring instrument is a tool that can be used by humans to assist in the process of determining height. Most height gauges in use today are analog or manual height gauges. In today's technological developments, the author will make an automatic height measuring device using ultrasonic sensors to calculate data from received objects. The sensor is used to measure the working distance at a frequency of 40 KHz so as not to interfere with human hearing. As the control center of this measuring instrument, it uses the Arduino Uno Microcontroller. This measuring instrument is capable of measuring an object with the accuracy of the sensor reading the data, namely the maximum height of 195 cm and the minimum height of 50 cm. The advantage of this tool is that it uses a microcontroller and sensor technology, while to display measurement results using an LCD and LCD measuring instruments can move according to the height of the object, to move the LCD a DC motor is used as the driver. And the measurement results are issued through the speaker in the form of sound that has been stored on the SD Card in WAV format, making it easier for blind people to know the user's height. The drawback of this tool is the construction of the tool and sensor readings, so that the results obtained from the measurements still contain some errors.

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT UKUR TINGGI BADAN OTOMATIS BERBASIS ANDROID

Design and construction of an Android-based automatic height measurement tool has been carried out. This research was made due to the demand for sophisticated medical support equipment with all the capabilities it has that continues to develop so that effective and efficient medical support equipment can be produced. This tool is designed with the aim of providing information about the measurement data of height and weight to users. Measurement results data will be sent to Android in the form of messages to be stored using the android database system storage.This research method uses qualitative methods, namely: study literature and literature and conduct experiments on the circuit design made, then test the function of the tool with a meter to determine the accuracy of the work of this tool. This tool is made by utilizing the sharp ir sensor as conversion then will sent via GSM SIM 800L, and the data is displayed via the application and SMS on the patient's AndroidThe test results show that the distance obtained is the conversion result taken from the travel time of infrared rays when they emit light and receive reflected objects. seen the percentage error value for each measurement, which allows the sensor to read errors and possible interference from the compiler program. As long as the% error does not exceed 3%, the module design for automatic height measuring instruments can be used properly.

طراحی و ساخت تابلوی کلاسی هوشمند با قابلیت تنظیم ارتفاع خودکار و تعیین تاثیر آن بر وضعیت بدنی کاربران

طراحی و ساخت تابلوی کلاسی هوشمند با قابلیت تنظیم ارتفاع خودکار و تعیین تاثیر آن بر وضعیت بدنی کاربران

Development and test of an automatic height-adjusting cotton topper

A fine-tuned height-adjustable cotton topper was developed and evaluated in this study. Cotton is topped at the late flowering stage because spindling reduces cotton production and complicates harvest. The main disadvantage of traditional cotton toppers is that their topping height cannot be adjusted according to the heights of individual cotton plants, resulting in a high percentage of missed tops and overcutting that damages fruit branches. To solve this problem, a mechanical-electronic topping prototype was developed that could be adjusted according to the height of cotton. The prototype includes a shearing machine system that can be tuned vertically and an automatic height control system that can detect cotton heights and actuate the mechanical system. This cotton topper was attached to a tractor by a three-point hitch and tested in the field. In the trial, the prototype was tested at ground speeds of 1.1 km/h, 1.5 km/h and 2.2 km/h and excision lengths (from the peak to the cutting point) of 9 cm and 11 cm. Under all tested conditions, the pass rate (the percentage of buds accurately cut without hurting the fruit branch), which reached 74%, was significantly higher than the ideal pass rates of traditional toppers, which were much lower than 50% or even 40%. The dominate factors affecting topping quality were tested. The pass rate was significantly influenced by the forward speed; the missing rate (rate of missed topping) was significantly influenced by the forward speed and excision length; and the overcut rate was significantly influenced by the excision length. The optimized topping speed and excision length were 1.1 km/h and 11 cm respectively, and the other parameters varied according to different user preferences. A replicate trial was conducted and showed that topping at 1.1 km/h and 9 cm prevented further spindling of 90% of the plants, and topping at 1.5 km/h and 11 cm prevented further spindling of 83% of the plants. Keywords: cotton topper, height-adjusting, topping quality, field test, automatic control DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20171002.2492 Citation: Chen Z Y, Shi L. Development and test of an automatic height-adjusting cotton topper. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(2): 44–55.

A Study on Mine Detection System with Automatic Height Control

A Study on Mine Detection System with Automatic Height Control

The role of subglottal resonances in speech processing algorithms

Inspired by Ken Stevens’ work on speech production, we investigated the role of the subglottal resonances (SGRs) in several machine-based speech processing algorithms. The subglottal acoustic system refers to the acoustic system below the glottis, which consists of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs. The work is based on the observations that the first and second subglottal resonances (Sg1 and Sg2) form phonological vowel feature boundaries, and that SGRs, especially Sg2, are fairly constant for a given speaker across phonetic contexts and languages. After collecting an acoustic and subglottal database of 50 adults and 48 children, analyzing the database, and developing algorithms to robustly estimate SGRs, we were able to use these resonances to improve the performance of a variety of speech processing algorithms including: recognition of children's speech in limited-data situations, frequency-warping for adult speech recognition, speaker recognition and speaker verification, and automatic height estimation. [Work supported in part by the NSF.]

Sliding Mode Robustness Control Strategy for Shearer Height Adjusting System

This paper firstly established mathematical model of height adjusting hydro cylinder of the shearer, as well as the state space equation of the shearer height adjusting system. Secondly we designed a shearer automatic height adjusting controller adopting the sliding mode robustness control strategy. The height adjusting controller includes the sliding mode surface switching function based on Ackermann formula, as well as sliding mode control function with the improved butterworth filter. Then simulation of the height adjustment controller shows that the sliding mode robustness control solves buffeting of typical controller, and achieves automatic control for the rolling drum of the shearer. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i2.3734

Automatic building height extraction by volumetric shadow analysis of monoscopic imagery

This article presents a new approach to automatic extraction of building heights from monoscopic urban scenes. A volumetric shadow analysis VSA method was proposed previously for extraction of 3D b...