Automation Of Production Processes Research Articles

Цифровые экосистемы малого агробизнеса в условиях санкций

The concept of digital modernization of agriculture, written in a number of program documents of the Russian Federation, implies the transformation of the domestic agro-industrial complex from resource and energy-intensive agricultural production to modern agro-industrial complex 4.0, based on information and digital technologies, the Internet of Things, robotization and automation of production processes, introduction of cognitive technologies, precision farming technologies, etc. At the same time, digital innovations should not only increase the qualitative and quantitative indicators of agricultural production, but also stimulate the processes of social, economic and logistical renewal of the Russian agroindustrial complex. The solution of these tasks generally complies with the concept written in the Strategy for Sustainable Development of Rural Territories of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. However, the geopolitical events of February 2022 made significant adjustments to the development plans suggested by the Russian state. The imposition of unprecedented sanctions against Russia became the main factor influencing the course of agricultural reform. It is no longer just about individual personal restrictions or “sectoral sanctions” by analogy with the sanctions of 2014. We are talking about a full-scale “economic war” declared against our state. The purpose of this study is a scientific and practical analysis of the specifics of digital ecosystems of agricultural production in the context of the possibility of their full functioning in the sanctions regime, as well as the prospects for their further development and the introduction of modern digital technologies in small agricultural production. The result of research is the development of the concept of digital economy ecosystem of agricultural production functioning under sanctions, analysis of existing and promising digital ecosystems built on the domestic element base and using Russian software. The results of the analysis can be used in the development and implementation of the state agrarian policy in the field of digitalization of agricultural production in the sanctions regime and the development of practical measures aimed at circumvention of restrictions and the development of import-substituting digital technologies.

3D printed concrete as stay‐in‐place formwork: Mechanics during casting and curing

AbstractResearch in 3D concrete printing has gained an exponential increase in attention over the last decades. The automated production process can be beneficial to reduce material use and increase form freedom of produced elements. Disadvantages are the difficulty to apply reinforcement, the speed of execution if massive elements have to be made and the uncertain durability performance of the printed material. These aspects still lead to reticence in the concrete construction industry to use 3D printing at a large scale. To lower the threshold to move from the conventional toward the new construction technique, a combination of 3D printed and conventional concrete is proposed namely concrete elements with stay‐in‐place 3D printed formwork. In this paper, experimental research has been performed to investigate the behavior of 3D printed formwork during casting and curing of fresh material. Cylindrical formwork was printed on small scale and filled with self‐compacting concrete. During the experiments, strain development and temperature evolution were measured in and around the elements. The obtained data was analyzed taking in attention the material characteristics of both materials in order to separate the different mechanisms. Results showed that the formwork is subjected to the lateral pressure of the cast concrete, moisture warping and thermal curling. The strains in the formwork increase significantly after casting as a result of moisture warping and thermal curling. The peak strain of the concrete element is reached during the hydration phase of the cast concrete. As the cast concrete stiffened in a slightly deformed formwork, residual strains will be present after the element cooled down.

Factors correlated with the propensity to use automation and mechanization by the US nursery industry

AbstractLabor issues are an increasingly important challenge to agriculture operations across various crops, including agricultural firms in food and specialty crop (e.g., ornamental nursery) sectors. The use of technologies to automate production processes is one means to address labor challenges. This study investigates ornamental nursery industry firms' current use of specific automation technologies, including granular fertilizer applicators, foliage pruners, irrigation scheduling, and trikes. Additionally, this study evaluates the correlation between perceived barriers of adoption, firm characteristics, and the US nursery industry's likelihood of adopting automated technologies. A mixed‐mode survey was used to elicit responses from firms. Overall, barriers to adoption include the costs associated with the initial purchase and installation costs. Several firm characteristics and actions to address labor issues are correlated with the use of the automated technologies evaluated in this study. We observed both positive and negative associations between actions to address labor issues and adoption of specific technologies that suggest that decisions are complicated by the firms' production needs, strategies, perceived benefits, and potential return‐on‐investment of the various automation and mechanization. Perceived improvements in product quality from adopting automation technologies are positively correlated with the likelihood of adopting all of the technologies evaluated. [EconLit Citations: D240, J20, O30, Q13].

CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS OF EXISTING TRENDS IN THE PART OF DIGITALIZATION OF ECONOMIES

At present, the opportunities provided by a single information space contribute to the digitalization and transformation of economic processes associated with technological changes and automation of management and production processes. In this connection, there is a need for systemic transformations that contribute to the development of the digital economy in socio-economic systems. Issues related to digitalization are relevant, which is fully facilitated by the active development of information and communication technologies. This article attempts to analyze the state of the economies of different countries in terms of their digitalization.

Method of ensuring the reliability of connecting nodes to the information and communication system of the enterprise based on 5G

The object of research is the process of building a cloud information and communication system for automation of production processes. The subject of the research is the method of ensuring the reliability of connection of nodes to the information and communication system of the enterprise on the basis of 5G. The purpose of this work is to increase the reliability of connecting nodes to the information and communication system of the enterprise based on 5G. to optimize production processes. As a result of the research, the concepts characterizing the reliability of distributed 5G information and communication networks were considered. The synthesis of functionally stable structure of the distributed information and communication network of 5G of the enterprise was formalized. The method of planning of 5G network for automation of production processes of the enterprise was developed. on the way of distribution taking into account restrictions on the minimum throughput, number of connections and reliability and construction of a communication transport segment with definition of an optimum location of cross premises. Conclusions. The developed method allows planning the optimal structure of the 5G cellular network to optimize production processes, evaluate and reduce the total cost of building the network, while providing the necessary indicators of service quality of network nodes and its reliability.

The Decline of the Labor Share: New Empirical Evidence

We use time series techniques to estimate the importance of four main explanations for the decline of the US labor income share: rising firm markups, falling bargaining power of workers, higher investment-specific technology growth, and more automated production processes. Identification is achieved with restrictions derived from a stylized model of structural change. Our results point to automation as the main driver of the labor share, although rising markups have played an important role in the last 20 years. We also find evidence of capital-labor complementarity, suggesting that capital deepening may have raised the labor share. (JEL D21, D43, E25, J51, L23, O33, O41)

MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION RISKS IN TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS OF WAGON REPAIR ENTERPRISES

At the moment, the modernization of the wagon repair complex is an urgent scientific and technical task on the railway transport of Ukraine. Wagon repair companies are characterized by insufficient pace of development over time. This is expressed in significant physical and moral depreciation of fixed assets of enterprises, large material losses in the process of repairing wagons, high cost of repair, low mechanization and automation of basic and auxiliary production processes, etc. Bearing in mind that railway transport is a critical component of the transport complex of Ukraine, the creation of advanced production systems based on the principles of production logistics is considered a necessary step for further development of the industry. The presented article analyzes the current state of wagon repair companies. The conclusion is made about the need for risk analysis in production processes given the difficult operating conditions. An example of an algorithm for implementing a risk management system and its main components is given. The analysis of the main methods of influencing the risk in the production system is carried out. Practical solutions for obtaining quantitative indicators of risk assessment in the production processes of wagon repair with the help of Markov analysis are proposed. In general, the risk management system will significantly reduce material losses when repairing wagon.

Universalization of the elastic system of vibration feeders with vertical electromagnetic vibration drive

Vibrating feed bins with electromagnetic drive are widely used in the automation of production processes in mechanical engineering and instrument engineering. They are used for feeding miniature, small, or medium-sized parts to automated production equipment. This equipment is used in automatic lines, automated complexes, or any other flexible automated production facilities. These devices are most widely used for loading parts to assembly positions in automated assembly complexes. In this case, the parts fed to these positions must be located in a certain stable position. Various orientation tools are used for this purpose. They are located directly on the transport trays in the bins of these devices. Therefore, for reliable operation of orientation devices, the movement of parts on the trays should be smooth without sensitive tossing. The designs of vibrating hopper feeders with a hopper connected to a reactive plate by a directional elastic system in the form of a lattice torsion bar are considered. An electromagnetic vibration exciter is placed between the torsion flanges. The disadvantage of such vibration feeders is low productivity in operating modes, especially when there are increased requirements for the smooth movement of transported parts. An increase in the productivity of such feeders is carried out by increasing the amplitude of hopper vibrations in the direction of movement of parts, that is, the horizontal component of vibrations. However, this also leads to an increase in the vertical component, since vibrations are carried out at an angle to the feeder transport tray. When the vertical component of vibrations increases, the transportation of parts switches to the intensive tossing mode. A further increase in the oscillation amplitude leads to a violation of the normal mode of vibrational transport. Modern production involves the modernization of existing structures, as well as the creation of new models of machines with high technical and economic indicators Therefore, the universalization of existing equipment and the development of new machine schemes is an important task for developers and manufacturers of technological equipment, since even a minimal improvement in its technological or operational indicators can lead to a significant economic effect. The paper considers a complex of additional elements used that make it possible to universalize the design of vibrating hopper feeders with electromagnetic drives having a directional elastic system. These changes make it possible to adjust the horizontal component of the device hopper vibrations at a constant vertical one. Additional structural elements are proposed that increase the range of application of such feeders.

Some aspects regarding the selection of industrial robots in manufacturing or assembly processes

The current period involves a short product life, associated with frequent changes in the product range. In order to cope with the new world economic conditions, a high degree of automation of production and assembly processes is required. As a result, industrial robots must also meet a new level of flexibility and versatility. It is now clear that it is very important to evaluate the performance as well as the safety characteristics, but especially the compatibility with the existing production system, as well as the compatibility with the possible evolution of the production system or even the substantial modification of the tasks of the industrial robot in a new production system, totally modified from the previous one. This requires the formulation of evaluation methods with relevant design metrics and quantitative methods based on simulations, which can support the mechanical designer of the robot, but especially the production system manager, to correlate the load-based performance characteristics, compatibility and safety of the industrial robot, taking into account the wide variety of possible solutions.

Sweetening the deal: benefiting from smart technology through smart finance

Authors look at the symbiosis of smart technology and smart financing in the modernization, automation and digital transformation of (production) processes in the sugar industry.

Optimization and Design of General Machinery Production Line Management Process Based on Intelligent Computing Model

Machinery is the most important basic tool for modern times, and it is also an indispensable sharp weapon for creating big country projects. The production line management of general machinery is particularly important. Traditional production line management causes a lot of labor waste, time waste, and low production efficiency, so the efficiency of production line management also determines the quality and output of general machinery. Therefore, it has become an industry consensus to realize intelligent management in the manufacturing process of general machinery. General machinery is not only a complex industrial structure but also has a series of preconditions that are not conducive to production, such as the diversity of parts and the low precision of preparation in the early stage. Therefore, to realize automation in the field of construction machinery manufacturing, it usually faces more challenges. Whether it is traditional production process or automatic production process, the realization of intelligent production line is the primary problem, because both production efficiency and product quality are determined by the efficient production line management efficiency and exquisite process. The workload of production line management is heavy, which is time-consuming, labor-consuming, and expensive. Adhere to the goal of quality first, and how to improve the efficiency of the production line has become the biggest problem at present. Based on the above problems, this paper adopts intelligent computing model to improve the efficiency of production line management and optimize the process. A series of tedious processes from product adoption to final shipment of production lines need intelligent technology to simplify the process, which can effectively improve the production efficiency of general machinery, reduce production costs, and improve the production quality of machinery. Supply chain management theory is used to manage suppliers’ production behavior, so as to reduce costs and improve quality and service, thus improving the competitiveness of batch production lines and enterprises. Advanced manufacturing technology is used to realize automation and flexible production of batch production lines, thus improving the rapid response ability of production lines to market demand.

A Model for the Intelligent Supervision of Production for Industry 4.0

Nowadays, the automation of production processes requires qualified engineering staff; unfortunately, such personnel are in very short supply in all EU countries. This article proposes a concept for a model for the intelligent supervision of production for Industry 4.0., the implementation of which will allow the demand for highly skilled engineering staff to be reduced within a company. An analysis of the literature, dedicated to manufacturing enterprises, regarding the intelligent supervision of production systems, is carried out in the article. It follows, therefore, that the Industry 4.0 concept assumes that mechanisms will be implemented, in production resources, in order to enable preventive measures to be taken, vis-à-vis breakdowns, failures and disruptions to the operation of devices. The need to develop a model for the intelligent supervision of production systems, in the face of challenges within the concept of Industry 4.0, is proposed. This model includes the following elements: (1) a configurator allowing devices to be selected for measuring production parameters, (2) a database for registering production system parameters, (3) Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), as the prediction algorithm and (4) a knowledge-based structure, including operating procedures and good practices for preventing emergency situations, threats and excessive energy consumption in production systems. The usefulness of this model for predictive maintenance, safety and energy efficiency, vis-à-vis the use of production resources, as well as in support of middle management for decisions taken by employees, is described.

INVESTIGATION OF UNIVERSAL-ASSEMBLY DEVICE LAYOUT WITH CHANGE OF CONSTRUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF DISCONNECTED BUSHING ELEMENTS

In modern living conditions, when mechanization and automation of production processes becomes a characteristic feature of the development of mechanical engineering, the introduction of innovative projects in engineering and technology is relevant for domestic enterprises. This is especially true in the field of tool production, the field of design, advanced energy-saving technologies, the manufacture of special purpose tools and especially devices and equipment for machine tools. The use of modern advanced technological equipment, namely machine tools, as additional devices that significantly expand the technological capabilities of metalworking equipment and tools. An important place in the classification of machine tools is occupied by universal-assembly devices (USP). Due to the fact that 60% of USP configurations are drilling devices, the use and rational change of the design of the elements is relevant. Existing USP designs, in the vast majority, consist of standardized parts, and sometimes components. In most cases, from the elements of the USP can be practically assembled devices to perform various machining operations on machines of all types. Analyzing in detail the design features of the elements of the USP, we can propose the creation of new, more advanced designs. We substantiate the need to improve the elements of the USP on the example of a split sleeve. The location of the section parallel to the axis of the sleeve limits the capabilities of the existing elements, for example, the use of such conductor sleeves complicates the radial fixation in the layout of the USP. An improved design of the split sleeve has been developed to improve the operational capabilities by changing the orientation of the cut relative to the tool axis. The split sleeve is an intermediate element and is used to secure the conductor sleeve in the bar. As a result of contact with the covered surface, the calculation of contact stresses was performed. The proposed design solution will allow more technological use of USP elements. The new design of the split sleeve has proven its effectiveness due to the improvement of the radial fixation in the hole of the bar, which contributes to the accuracy of tool production operations.

Development of an automated production process of [64 Cu][Cu (ATSM)] for positron emission tomography imaging and theranostic applications.

Cyclotron‐produced copper‐64 radioisotope tracers offer the possibility to perform both diagnostic investigation by positron emission tomography (PET) and radiotherapy by a theranostic approach with bifunctional chelators. The versatile chemical properties of copper add to the importance of this isotope in medicinal investigation. [64Cu][Cu (ATSM)] has shown to be a viable candidate for imaging of tumor hypoxia; a critical tumor microenvironment characteristic that typically signifies tumor progression and resistance to chemo‐radiotherapy. Various production and radiosynthesis methods of [64Cu][Cu (ATSM)] exist in labs, but usually involved non‐standardized equipment with varying production qualities and may not be easily implemented in wider hospital settings. [64Cu][Cu (ATSM)] was synthesized on a modified GE TRACERlab FXN automated synthesis module. End‐of‐synthesis (EOS) molar activity of [64Cu][Cu (ATSM)] was 2.2–5.5 Ci/μmol (HPLC), 2.2–2.6 Ci/μmol (ATSM‐titration), and 3.0–4.4 Ci/μmol (ICP‐MS). Radiochemical purity was determined to be >99% based on radio‐HPLC. The final product maintained radiochemical purity after 20 h. We demonstrated a simple and feasible process development and quality control protocols for automated cyclotron production and synthesis of [64Cu][Cu (ATSM)] based on commercially distributed standardized synthesis modules suitable for PET imaging and theranostic studies.

Machine Learning as a Modern Approach to Data Analysis

Relevance. Given the widespread digitalization and automation of production processes, information technology in modern society is becoming increasingly important. Methods and methods used earlier become unsuitable in the current conditions of economic development. Against this background, machine learning is of particular importance, designed to analyze information faster and more efficiently than a person. Machine learning is an emerging field of computational algorithms designed to mimic human intelligence and discover patterns in data. Today it is one of the fastest growing technical fields, lying at the intersection of computer science, statistics and business. Machine learning is already being effectively used to solve various analytical and optimization problems.The purpose of the article is to study machine learning from a theoretical point of view and evaluate the effect of its application.Objectives: explore the phenomenon of "Big Data" as an impetus to the use of machine learning; consider the history of the origin of machine learning; give an interpretation of this concept; describe the basic principles of machine learning; assess interest in this area; study specific cases of successful implementation of machine learning.Methodology. During scientific research, empirical, theoretical, statistical methods and methods of graphical representation were used.Results. Theoretical aspects of machine learning were studied, the indicators of the popularity of this topic both in the scientific field and in business were studied. Examples of the positive effect of the use of machine learning are shown.Conclusions. The paper emphasizes the importance of the topic under consideration, considering the latest trends, justifies the benefits of using modern methods of analysis.

Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning for the Dual-Arm Robot Based on an Improved RRT Algorithm

In the future of automated production processes, the manipulator must be more efficient to complete certain tasks. Compared to single-arm robots, dual-arm robots have a larger workspace and stronger load capacity. Coordinated motion planning of multi-arm robots is a problem that must be solved in the process of robot development. This paper proposes an obstacle avoidance path planning method for the dual-arm robot based on the goal probability bias and cost function in a rapidly-exploring random tree algorithm (GA_RRT). The random tree grows to the goal point with a certain probability. At the same time, the cost function is calculated when the random state is generated. The point with the lowest cost is selected as the child node. This reduces the randomness and blindness of the RRT algorithm in the expansion process. The detection algorithm of the bounding sphere is used in the process of collision detection of two arms. The main arm conducts obstacle avoidance path planning for static obstacles. The slave arm not only considers static obstacles, but also takes on the role of the main arm at each moment as a dynamic obstacle for path planning. Finally, MATLAB is used for algorithm simulation, which proves the effectiveness of the algorithm for obstacle avoidance path planning problems for the dual-arm robot.

Prospects for Increasing the Level of Innovation Activity of Dairy Enterprises

Progressive development of the dairy industry requires improving technologies of feed production, keeping, feeding, increasing livestock and breeding work on farms, the genetic potential of breeds, milking cows, storing and processing milk and producing the necessary range of dairy products. Successful implementation of these technological processes requires an effective system of innovative support for dairy production, for which the scientific developments of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine are important. At the same time, the ability of dairy enterprises to innovative development is determined by the transformation of their economic mechanism through the introduction of technical, organisational and managerial achievements in the field of technology. The purpose of the article is to study the current realities, opportunities and forecast the main dimensions for the intensification of innovative activities of dairy enterprises in Ukraine. A number of methods were used in the research process: monographic; comparative analysis; prognostication; tabular; settlement and constructive; graphic, abstract-logical. The existence of an adapted system of innovative support is established and scientific developments of control in the selection of raw milk, vitamin naturalisation of milk, technologies of production of dietary dairy products, automation of production processes, heat treatment of milk using modern packaging materials to extend its shelf life, introduction of innovative methods in operational activities, personnel development, marketing and logistics, the use of which should be extended in the system of economic mechanism of functioning and development of the dairy industry. The forecast indicators of the raw material base of the dairy industry of Ukraine, which in 2025 will remain at the level of 2020 and will amount to 9287 thousand tons, with an increase in milk production in agricultural enterprises by 13.0% and a decrease in households by 5.0%. The necessary volumes of raw material production have been established to ensure the production capacity of milk processing enterprises and the rational norm of consumption of milk and dairy products. The dynamics of forecast indicators of dairy production in Ukraine is constructed. The priority target guidelines of the strategy of intensification of innovative activity of milk processing enterprises are substantiated. An algorithm for increasing the innovative activity of a processing enterprise is proposed. These approaches and research results can be used by public and sectoral authorities in the organization of monitoring and development of priority measures to intensify the innovative activities of Ukrainian dairy industry.

Design and optimization of structured cables systems for automation of production processes of the enterprise

The object of research is the process of improving the network architecture of enterprises in order to further optimize production processes. The subject of research is the design and optimization of structured cabling systems to automate the production processes of the enterprise. The aim of the work is to improve the method of designing and optimizing structured cabling systems for the transport needs of the cellular network for the needs of the enterprise. The study determined that the process of planning a radio network to automate production processes of the enterprise must be performed in accordance with the following sequence of steps: design of radio network coverage to determine the location of each base station (5G - gNb) and construction of communication transport segment with location cross-country premises. In this paper, research is conducted on the construction of a communication transport segment with the location of cross-country premises. For this purpose, the scope of the statistical method is determined and the choice of the location of the technical premises of the cross floor is substantiated. Conclusions. The research conducted in this paper allowed to develop methods for improving the network architecture of enterprises in order to further optimize production processes. As part of this, a 5G network planning method was developed to automate the production processes of the enterprise, which is to consistently ensure the design of the radio network coverage to determine the location of each base station using an optimized model to estimate the loss of radio signal power. bandwidth, number of connections and reliability and construction of the communication transport segment with the determination of the optimal location of cross-country premises. The developed method makes it possible to plan the optimal structure of the 5G cellular network to optimize production processes, evaluate and reduce the total cost of building the network, while providing the necessary indicators of service quality of network nodes and its reliability.

IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF PREPARING THE GRAIN FOR GRINDING

This article discusses progressive technological methods for increasing grain production, increasing the efficiency of grain use, improving its quality, increasing the yield of premium flour, increasing productivity by installing high-performance equipment, automating production processes, and improving the preparation process. grain for grinding. Schemes of the technological process of preparing grain for grinding during threshing and reconstruction are given.

Integrating process management and event processing in smart factories: A systems architecture and use cases

The developments of new concepts for an increased digitization of manufacturing industries in the context of Industry 4.0 have brought about novel system architectures and frameworks for smart production systems. These range from generic frameworks for Industry 4.0 to domain-specific architectures for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). While most of the approaches include a service-based architecture for selective integration with enterprise systems, a close two-way integration of the production control systems and IIoT sensors and actuators with Process-Aware Information Systems (PAIS) on the management level for automation and mining of production processes is rarely discussed. This fusion of Business Process Management (BPM) with IIoT can be mutually beneficial for both research areas, but is still in its infancy. We propose a systems architecture for IIoT that shows how to integrate the low-level hardware components–sensors and actuators–of a smart factory with BPM systems. We discuss the software components and their interactions to address challenges of device encapsulation, integration of sensor events, and interaction with existing BPM systems. This integration is demonstrated within several use cases regarding process modeling, automation and mining for a smart factory model, showing benefits of using BPM technologies to analyze, control, and adapt discrete production processes in IIoT.